Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture最新文献

{"title":"Imagery rehearsal therapy and mianserin for trauma-affected refugees: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Anders Nielsen, Felix Klich, Stig Poulsen, Jessica Carlsson, Hinuga Sandahl","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i2.141339","DOIUrl":"10.7146/torture.v34i2.141339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In order to identify the efficacy of treatment interventions for trauma-affected refugees follow-up studies are highly warranted. Hence, the overall aim of this study was to examine the effi-cacy of sleep-enhancing treatment, IRT and mianserin, in a sample of 219 trauma-affected refugees at six-month follow-up post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were derived from a four-armed randomized controlled trial in a sample of trauma-affected refugees with PTSD. All four arms received Treatment as Usual (TAU), an interdisciplinary treatment approach: one group received solely TAU, serving as a control group, whereas the remaining three groups were active-treatment groups receiving add-on treatment with either IRT, mianserin, or a combination. Mixed models were used to analyze the combinations of the two treatment factors (IRT vs. non-IRT and mianserin vs non-mianserin) and time (baseline vs follow-up and post-treatment vs follow-up) for the primary outcome sleep quality and for several secondary outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36.7% of the participants had been exposed to torture and 44% had been imprisoned. The only significant effect of IRT was on well-be-ing (measured with WHO-5), where IRT showed higher improvement in well-being six months post-treatment (p =.027). There was no significant effect of mianserin on any of the outcome mea-sures.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This follow-up study found improvements from baseline to post-treatment on sleep quality and most of the secondary outcome measures that were maintained for all treatment condi-tions at the six-month follow-up assessment. A limitation of the study was that a high proportion (53.4%) of the participants did not attend the follow-up evaluation. The results indicate that add-on IRT-treatment and add-on mianserin-treatment were not superior to TAU at six-month follow-up post-treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 2","pages":"79-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stop Rubber Bullets. The use of kinetic energy projectiles and torture in the Spanish State.","authors":"Anaïs Franquesa Griso, Carles Guillot Campillo, Ester Quintana Porras, Pau Pérez Sales, Irene Urango Montilla, Serlinda Vigara Mas","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i1.145054","DOIUrl":"10.7146/torture.v34i1.145054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rubber bullets are projectiles whose use is potentially lethal. Between 1976 and 2017, they have caused at least 23 deaths and dozens of injuries in Spain, many of them serious, with loss of sight being the main type. In the period 2000 - 2020 alone, more than 40 people have been affected.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We review the legal framework, human impacts that go far beyond statistics and medical and psychosocial approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The paper focuses on key learnings in survivors' organisation, the process towards the prohibition of these weapons and strategic litigation, forensic documenta-tion and political advocacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 1","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health impact of electric discharge weapons, a review of case studies.","authors":"Marie Brasholt, Maha Aon, Lisa Michaelsen, Jens Modvig","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i1.144572","DOIUrl":"10.7146/torture.v34i1.144572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Electrical discharge weapons (EDWs) are increasingly used by law enforcement around the globe as a less lethal option to firearms. Concerns have been raised about their use, inter alia from the UN Committee Against Torture (UNCAT). The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview of case studies to assess the health consequences of EDW exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medline and Pubmed were searched for case studies on EDWs without restriction on language or date. Screening was first at abstract level and then at full article level. Articles were excluded if they were not case studies, concerned children under 15 years old or were off topic. A PRISMA flow dia-gram was created.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 71 studies were included, and they demonstrate a wide range of health consequences from minor injuries to lethal conditions. The injuries can be classified as direct and indirect, i.e., related to the use itself (e.g., penetration by darts) and related to falls and burns following neuromuscular incapacitation and ignition of flammable fluids. Cardiac incidents - some being fatal - as well as eye injury were the health consequences found most reported. Description of pain and mental suffering related to EDW exposure was lacking in the reviewed case studies. Dis-cussion: Evidence in the reviewed case reports demonstrates that EDWs have in fact led to physical and most likely mental suffering and even death, notwithstanding the epidemiological limitations of case reports in establishing causality at population level. When assessing patients and when doc-umenting cases where persons may have been exposed to EDWs, including torture and ill-treatment cases, it is important to be aware of the different types of health consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 1","pages":"48-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular injuries by less-lethal weapon: a view from Switzerland.","authors":"Anna Fierz","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i3.150109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v34i3.150109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dear Editor-in-chief: Thank you for focussing on this troubling subject in your issue 1/2024. It confirms that many of the difficulties involved are similar worldwide. Countries that use less-lethal weapons include Switzerland, the only Western European democracy besides France to employ multiple kinetic impact projectiles. Our rubber scattershot is comparatively small and light but has led to an uninterrupted series of severe eye injuries since 1980. Legal authorities have long questioned whether these were due to rubber ammunition, though ophthalmologists always knew what was going on. Communication channels were non-existent, and monitoring remains a challenge. Please see my recent open-access review in Eye (Fierz, 2024) for details. I would like to add the odd point to your commendable editorial (Pérez-Sales et al., 2024). The common denominator is that eye injuries require eye doctors.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 3","pages":"89-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of livelihood support with MHPSS in rehabilitation of torture survivors in LMICs: Addressing poverty and mental health dynamics.","authors":"Ayesha Mushtaq","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i2.146559","DOIUrl":"10.7146/torture.v34i2.146559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The integration of livelihood support with mental health and psycho-social support (MHPSS) seems crucial for the rehabilitation of torture survivors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to explore the intersec-tionality of poverty and mental health, and the integration of livelihood support with-in MHPSS frameworks related to the rehabilitation of torture survivors in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire distributed to members of the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT) in LMICs (n=25). The questionnaire explored the perception of IRCT centres in LMIC countries regard-ing the extent to which poverty contributes to poor mental health outcomes among torture sur-vivors and the effectiveness of integrating livelihood support into MHPSS interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study highlighted the significant economic challenges faced by torture survivors, indicating a high prevalence of extreme poverty among this group. The study found that 92% of respondents believed that poverty and mental health outcomes of torture survivors are strongly linked. Eco-nomic and social inequalities were identified as key determinants of mental health, emphasizing the need to address these inequalities in rehabilitation programs for torture survivors.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study underscores the critical connection between poverty, mental health, and the experience of torture. In the view of most IRCT centres, the integration of livelihood support with MHPSS is essential for addressing economic disparities and promoting long-term resilience among survivors. The results highlight the need to conduct long-term longitudinal studies that provide support to this perception. The study recommends enhancing coordination among stakeholders, addressing cultural and social barriers, securing sustainable funding, and developing strategies to integrate livelihood support with MHPSS for torture survivors. According to participants, rehabilitation programmes should include economic empowerment, mental health support, and social integration, to contribute to a holistic recovery, long-term resilience, and overall well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 2","pages":"52-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and litigation of ocular injuries by less-lethal weapons.","authors":"Pau Pérez-Sales, Sara López Martin, Marina Parras Cordovés","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i1.144838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v34i1.144838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 1","pages":"4-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience and struggle of a survivor of eye mutilation by rubber bullets.","authors":"Carles Guillot","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i1.144144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v34i1.144144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>My name is Carles Guillot and I am 52 years old. On 17 July 2001, 23 years ago now, during a protest against the illegal as-sault and eviction of a squatted house, the Kasa de la Muntan-ya, a national police officer shot me point-blank in the face and permanently damaged my right eyeball. As the neighbourhood was taken over by the police, we had to wait a few hours before we could go to a hospital. Finally, some colleagues took me to the Bellvitge Hospital, the furthest hospital in the area, to avoid being identified by the police. The prognosis was clear: I would be one-eyed for life.The first days and weeks were very hard. Pain, headaches, and anger, a lot of anger.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 1","pages":"128-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of Inmates with Mental Health Problems in Detention and Correctional Centers in the Republic of Kosovo.","authors":"Niman Hajdari","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i1.143217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v34i1.143217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conventions adopted by the United Nations and Council of Europe pay special importance to the treatment of prisoners with mental health problems. Their treatment is close-ly related to respect for human dignity, and the prohibition of torture, cruel and degrading treatment or punishment. The Eu-ropean Court of Human Rights, in many cases, has ruled that the detention of a mentally-ill person can raise issues under Ar-ticle 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights and that the lack of adequate medical care can result in treatment in con-travention of this article. The Republic of Kosovo is not a mem-ber of the United Nations and Council of Europe. However, it has incorporated in its Constitution a number of Conven-tions adopted by the United Nations and Council of Europe. Also, Kosovo has adopted a legal framework which prohibits torture, cruel and degrading treatment or punishment in ac-cordance with the international human rights standards. The Constitution also provides that human rights and fundamen-tal freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution shall be interpret-ed in accordance with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Review of Ombudsperson's, Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Prison Health Department of Kosovo Ministry of Health reports, as well as reports of the NGOs in Kosovo.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 1","pages":"150-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peace between Israel and Palestine?","authors":"Andrés Gautier Hirsch","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i1.144143","DOIUrl":"10.7146/torture.v34i1.144143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Talking to a relative of mine who lives in Israel, we exchanged by email about the Hamas terrorist attack and the brutal re-sponse of the Israeli Armed Forces that affected the entire Pal-estinian population of Gaza. He spoke to me about the moral right of the Jewish people to exist and I replied that the Pales-tinian people also had the moral right to exist. That ended the respectful dialogue we had. The Palestinian people's right to ex-ist remained unanswered.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 1","pages":"148-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and Preliminary Effects of Intensive Brief Trauma-Focused PTSD Treatment for Refugees.","authors":"Petter Tinghög, Lina Vågbratt, Julia Jennstål, Maria Bragesjö, Niklas Möller","doi":"10.7146/torture.v34i3.147953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v34i3.147953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health concern in refugee populations exposed to trauma and displacement. Traditional treatments for PTSD often involve lengthy interventions. However, there's a growing interest in exploring more condensed, intensive treatments to improve outcomes and accessibility for refugees.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability, and preliminary effects of an intensive brief trauma-focused PTSD treatment (ITT) program delivered to refugees at the Swedish Red Cross Treatment Center for Persons Affected by War and Torture in Uppsala, Sweden.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Ten participants were enrolled in the study and received ITT over five consecutive weekdays comprising Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), prolonged exposure (PE), and physical activity (PA). Acceptability was assessed by analyzing journal notes, and clinicians' and patients' open-ended responses to sets of questions designed to elicit the patients' experiences and potential adverse events. Baseline and follow-up data regarding PTSD (i.e., PCL-5 and CAPS-5), disability (i.e., Whodas-12), and anxiety or depression (i.e., HSCL-25) were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrated that ITT is an acceptable and viable treatment option for refugees with PTSD. No serious adverse events were reported, although some found the treatment very taxing. Overall, the ordeals were perceived as worthwhile. The statistical analyses showed substantial and significantly reduced PTSD symptoms, and anxiety levels i.e., CAPS-5 (Cohen's d 1,91; CI 95% 0.77-3.02), PCL-5 (Cohen's d 1,31; CI 95% 0.43 -2.15) Anxiety subscale of HSCL-25 (Cohen's d 1.47; CI 95% 0.49 -2.41). Reductions in depression symptoms and disability were also observed but were non-significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that this brief and massed treatment program for refugees with PTSD is a well-received and preliminary effective treatment option. Identifying less suitable candidates and conducting larger, controlled studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to establish ITT's efficacy in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"34 3","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}