Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture最新文献

{"title":"Operational psychology, professional ethics, and democracy: A challenge for our time.","authors":"Stephen Soldz","doi":"10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The post-9/11 United States abusive deten-tion and interrogation program brought atten-tion to the critical roles of health professionals generally and of psychologists more particu-larly in the modern administration of torture and other detainee abuse. Over a decade of controversy in the American Psychological Association (APA) and an independent in-vestigation finding APA collusion with the Bush administration's torture and coercive interrogation programs led to 2015 policies restricting the activities of psychologists in national security interrogations and illegal detention sites like Guantanamo. This con-troversy expanded to evaluation of a broader set of issues regarding the ethical roles of psy-chologists in furthering military and intelli-gence operations, or what has become known as Operational Psychology. Controversy over the extent to which Operational Psychology activities are consistent with psychological ethics has expanded since 2015 with critics calling for policies restraining Operational Psychologists from involvement in activities that cause greater than trivial unstipulated harm, lack informed consent, or are absent plausible independent ethical monitoring (due, for instance to security classification). Operational Psychologists have pushed back against any constraints on their actions other than US law and government regulations. This debate also raises a broader issue: are there limitations on the extent to which we, as members of democratic societies, can tolerate the use of psychological science and expertise to manipulate unwitting people?</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 1,2","pages":"193-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40686014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control-Focused Behavioral Treatment: A brief intervention for survivors of war and torture.","authors":"Metin Başoğlu","doi":"10.7146/torture. v32i1-2.131322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture. v32i1-2.131322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article briefly reviews the evolution and evidence-base of Control-Focused Behav-ioral Treatment (CFBT), largely self-help-based treatment that involves no cognitive interventions, focuses solely on reducing avoidance behaviors through self-exposure to anxiety-evoking trauma cues, and, unlike other interventions, aims to enhance sense of control over traumatic stressors, rather than anxiety reduction. As such, it is radi-cally different from other interventions in both theory and practice. Our studies have shown improvement rates of 80%-85% with a single treatment session in earthquake survivors. When administered in an average of 6 sessions in war and torture survivors, it achieved 82% reduction in posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD), leaving 97% of the cases nearly asymptomatic or with only mild PTSD symptoms. Meta-analytical compari-sons suggest that such improvement rates are substantially higher than those achieved by other evidence-based treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 1,2","pages":"251-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40686018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Launch of the revised version on the Istanbul Protocol.","authors":"Zeynep Koseoglu","doi":"10.7146/torture.v32i3.133934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i3.133934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the 29th of June 2022, an updated version of the Istanbul Protocol was launched in Geneva, Switzerland; twenty three years after its first official endorsement by the OHCHR (Office of the Human Rights Commisioner, UN) in 1999. The Istanbul Protocol, or the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; guides human rights activists, experts, and organizations around the world. The launch of this revised version was enabled by the contributions from more than 180 experts of the anti-torture field. It was hosted by the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and led by the Istanbul Protocol Editorial Committee. The Istanbul Protocol lays out the international legal norms and standards for dealing with torture and ill-treatment. It sets the relevant ethical codes, and provides guidelines for the legal investigation of torture. The Protocol also details general considerations for interviews and the guidelines for documenting physical and psychological evidence. The revision adds in two sections which respectively underlines the role of health professionals in documenting torture through various contexts and provides recommendations on the implementation of the Protocol. Informed by six years of preparation and consultation, this revised version was spearheaded by four civil society organizations (the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, REDRESS Trust, Physicians for Human Rights, and the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims) and four UN bodies, (Committee against Torture, the Subcomittee on the Prevention of Torture, Special Rapperteur on Torture; as well as the UN Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture). This is the second update to the Protocol, the first being 18 years earlier in 2004. The revision of the Istanbul Protocol is not a replacement but rather an expansion. The document attempts to fill in the gaps created by almost two decades of global change. In the foreword of the updated document, Michelle Bachalet, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, calls for states to make the Istanbul Protocol an 'essential part of training for all relevant public officials and medical professionals engaged in the custody, interrogation and treatment of persons subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment' (OHCHR, 2022).</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 3","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10356767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation of psychologists in Istanbul Protocol based physical examinations:an applied perspective.","authors":"Daniel J N Weishut","doi":"10.7146/torture.v32i3.128792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i3.128792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective When invited to evaluate a middle-aged male asylum seeker regarding alleged torture, the following question kept coming to my mind: Would it be appropriate, perhaps even vital, for mental health professionals to participate in Istanbul Protocol (IP) based physical examinations? The intent is not to do the physical examination but to be present, observe, ask relevant questions, and witness with the client's consent. The article elaborates on this question while sharing my perspective as a clinical psychologist and referring to relevant literature. Keywords: torture and ill-treatment, clinical evaluation, interdisciplinary collaboration, Istanbul Protocol, mental health professionals, Israel.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 3","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10417563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healing and reintegration of former child soldiers: A relational resilience perspective.","authors":"Michael Wessells","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author advocates for a psychosocial and community perspective in the work with child soldiers, as torture survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 1,2","pages":"172-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40686012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic litigation against torture: Why domestic courts matter.","authors":"Masha Lisitsyna","doi":"10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131921","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000Strategic human rights litigation is often associated with filing cases before in-ternational and regional courts and treaty bodies. This article examines ways in which significant advances in protecting the rights of victims of torture and similar crimes can be achieved through domestic courts, even in countries with limited respect for the rule of l aw.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODOLOGY\u0000This article does not cover universal jurisdiction or transnational cases, but rather focuses on how domestic courts can be used to address torture that takes place in the same country. It is not a review of global practice; rather, it is based on observations drawn from the author's personal experience of over 25 years of strategic litigation and ad-vocacy against torture; lessons learned from the work of partner organizations and lawyers from around the world; and the results of three research projects commissioned by the Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI): one on the impact of strategic litigation on torture in custody in Argentina, Kenya, and Turkey (OSJI, 2017); another on how do-mestic courts in Latin America handle repa-rations for torture and similar human rights violations (Garcia Garcia, Fierro Ferráez, and Lisitsyna, 2019); and a third on strategic liti-gation against torture in Asia (Bokhari, 2020).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000While acknowledging continued challenges, the author demonstrates that do-mestic courts are often better placed than their international counterparts to address several aspects of human rights litigation and protection of victims' rights and in some cir-cumstances can have broader impact.","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 1,2","pages":"201-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40686015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical meanderings of the mind, looking back at 30 years of experience visiting victims of torture in custody.","authors":"Hernán Reyes","doi":"10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper summarises some highpoints from my past field experience of thirty years, to il-lustrate different issues, difficulties and best practices when visiting prisoners. I recount some of my most relevant experiences, both positive and negative, with individuals who had been tortured, interviewing and exam-ining them whilst they were still in custody. They might be of interest to younger genera-tions of physicians working on these issues.The examples, all from the field, should demonstrate the importance of showing true \"empathy\" for the victims, so as to obtain their trust - and hence their stories. The examples are as varied as have been the different settings and encounters with both victims and perpe-trators. I have tried to illustrate the many pit-falls to avoid, and provide suggestions on how best to avoid them.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 1,2","pages":"43-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40685117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on 30 years of anti-torture experiences.","authors":"Vincent Iacopino","doi":"10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131305","url":null,"abstract":"On the 30th anniversary of the Torture Journal, I offer my sincere congratulations to the Journal editors, staff and contributors for their success in providing a space for analytical and practical thinking on one of the most challenging and enduring problems of humanity – torture. Coincidentally, it was also 30 years ago when I began my own human rights journey, treating survivors and documenting clinical evidence of torture and ill-treatment. In thinking about those years, I would like to share some reflections that I hope will be useful to future generations in securing a world without torture.","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 1,2","pages":"92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40685119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside the belly of the beast. Reflections on the history of IRCT.","authors":"Christian Pross","doi":"10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper is looking back and taking stock of the history of IRCT from the perspective of a founder of a treatment center, former member of the IRCT council and Execu-tive Committee (ExCom) and contributor to the Torture Journal. It is the story of enthu-siasm, ambition, dedication, devotion, hope and dreams that the worldwide battle against torture could be won in the near future. And it is also the story of a rocky road with fail-ures, disillusionment, disappointment, team conflicts and burnout which commonly but insufficiently are described as \"vicarious trau-matization\".</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 1,2","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40685121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refugee children's mental health and development - A public health problem in Europe.","authors":"Edith Montgomery","doi":"10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge about refugee children's mental health has developed considerably during the last 30 years. From believing that children's reactions largely depend on their parents, it has become clear that children are influ-enced both by their own experiences, by the reactions of their caregivers and by the social environment in which they live. While psy-chological problems are frequent in children close to arrival in exile, follow-up studies have shown that the magnitude of the problems is reduced over time. Aspects of social life as well as stressful events in exile seem to be of paramount importance for children's ability to recover from early traumatization. Pro-longed asylum procedures, temporary resi-dence permits, delayed family reunifications, many school-moves and xenophobic attitudes is counteracting healthy development. The results of research on refugee children and youth indicate the existence of a large public health problem which calls for policy change and political action.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 1,2","pages":"163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40686011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}