Agroecological journal最新文献

{"title":"Іmproving the methodology of natural fire hazard assessment for forested lands based on a risk-oriented approach","authors":"S. Sydorenko, Ye. Melnyk, O. Botsula, I. Koval, V. Voron, S. Sydorenko, R. Hurzhii","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283699","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of the combustibility of the forests of «Zhovtneve» State Enterprise was carried out, with the identification of the most fire-prone forests. The distribution of the forest fund plots of each of the researched forestry by classes of natural fire hazard was analyzed. The spatial distribution of the fire density including forest fires as well as wildfires in the 500- meter buffer zone around forest was studied. The article describes a methodology that allows improving the existing methodology for assessing the natural fire hazard of forest lands based on a risk-oriented approach. According to the Kernel density algorithm with the use of desktop GIS systems, a map of the probability of fire occurrence was built. According to the results of the Kernel Density algorithm, the main flammability centers and the density of fires were identified and the territory of the enterprise was divided into classes according to the probability of fires. According to the proposed classification of the fire probability occurrence: low (up to 10.6 cases is the arithmetic average for the entire map); medium (from 10.7 to 28 — 1.01–1.5σ); high (over 28 — over 1.5σ). The integration of the probability of fire occurrence into the scale of natural fire hazard was carried out through the technique of «risk matrices». Thus, the combination of the classes of natural fire hazard classes with the classes of the fire probability occurrence made it possible to obtain an integrated FRS indicator (Fire Risk Score), which includes both: the level of natural fire hazard and the probability of fire occurrence. In order to verify the results, calculations of actual flammability (fire density and flammability by burnt area) were carried out for each class of the national scale of fire hazard and for the FRS classes of each plot. It was found that significant levels of flammability are characteristic only for the first two classes of natural fire hazard (fire density 83.64 cases per 1000 hectares of forests), the flammability of forests with higher natural hazard classes is practically absent, which indicates the need to differentiate the tree stands that are belongs to these two classes. On the other hand, classifying forests with the assignment of points according to FRS revealed an increase in the indicators of forest combustibility and fire density as the FRS indicator increases (at FRS values of 2–3 there are no fires, at FRS values from 4 to 8, combustibility is moderate (from 1.25 to 3.7 cases per 1000 ha), at values above 9 points, the flammability increases sharply and reaches its peak at the FRS value of 13 points (224.5 cases per 1000 ha). Thus, the improved scale based on the risk-oriented approach (fire risk score) more fully reflects the level of danger in the forest based not only on the natural features of the area and fuel complexes characteristics, but also taking into account the spatial location of fire sources and the frequency of fires in each location.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83056749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of different tillage, fertilization systems under short crop rotation and their influence on phytosanitary condition of agrocenoses","authors":"I. Prymak, M. Voytovyk, S. Hornovska, I. Pokotylo, Y. Fedoruk, N. Prysiazhniuk, O. Nagorniuk, O. Panchenko, S. Obrazhii","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283707","url":null,"abstract":"The main restraining factor of the widespread introduction of minimization of mechanical tillage into the domestic agricultural practice was and remains the problem of deterioration of the phytosanitary state of agrophytocenoses and the soil environment. Intensive use of pesticides, especially in violation of the regulations of their use, does not solve the problem, and often, on the contrary, aggravates it. Ukraine ranks sixth-seventh in the world in terms of contamination of plant products with pesticide residues. Agricultural practice proves that all pesticides are toxic to humans, and many of them also have mutagenic activity. They also cause great harm to living nature, suppressing the biological activity of soils, destroying pollinating insects, etc. Given this, the value of mechanical cultivation in regulating the phytosanitary state of agrobiocenoses and soil will increase, especially in ecological and organic agriculture. Research (2020– 2022) on the chernozems of the typical experimental field of Bila Ttserkva National Agrarian University established changes in the phytosanitary state of the agrobiocenoses of the field specialized grain five-field crop rotation and its productivity under different systems of the main cultivation of the chernozem soil of a typical low-humus medium loam in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, namely: shelf-disc the treatment has an advantage only in terms of significant limitation of dark brown spotting on winter wheat for sowing after buckwheat. In the remaining cases, it was significantly inferior to control. Indicators of the phytosanitary state of agrobiocenoses significantly worsen with constant soil disking. Discless tillage has an advantage only in terms of significant limitation of dark brown spotting on winter wheat after sowing after buckwheat. In the remaining cases, it was significantly inferior to control. Indicators of the phytosanitary state of agrobiocenoses significantly worsen with constant soil disking. The abundance of weeds is insignificantly lower under differentiated than shelf-disc cultivation. Fertilizer systems did not affect weediness, but worsened other indicators of phytosanitary status. With differentiated cultivation, the population of larvae of the winter weevil and the prevalence of helminth sporous root rot, powdery mildew and septoriosis of winter wheat after buckwheat, as well as the abundance of the meadow butterfly and wireworm in the agrophytocenosis of corn, are significantly reduced. Productivity of crop rotation is almost at the same level for shelf-disc and differentiated tillage. With chisel-disk and disk processing, it is significantly reduced. In a five-field field row crop rotation, differentiated tillage is recommended, in which deep (25–27 cm) plowing is performed only in one field under the row crop, where manure is applied, and in the rest of the fields, plowing and disc tillage to different depths, taking into account biological features of agricultu","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76455448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of grain quality indicators of winter wheat (Triticum L.) varieties depending on agrothechnical and environmental factors","authors":"O. Demydov, R. Los, N. Dubovyk, O. Gumeniuk, V. Kyrylenko, I. Pravdziva, V. Sabadyn, I. Vlasenko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283706","url":null,"abstract":"When growing grain crops, it is important to increase not only the yield of grain, but also its quality indicators, which determine the technological, flourmilling and baking properties and market value of grain. The study was conducted in a four-factor field experiment in the fields of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine (MIW) located in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2018/19–2020/21 (factor В). The object of the research were five new winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka (MIP Fortuna (G1), MIP Lada (G2), MIP Yuvileina (G3), Aurora Myronivska (G4)) and one variety of hard winter wheat MIP Lakomka (G6) — in comparison with the standard Podolianka (factor А). The experiments were laid down after two preceding crops sunflower, soybean (factor C), sowing was carried out on September 25 and October 5 with a deviation of 1–3 days (factor D). Experiments were laid down: after two predecessors such as sunflower, soybean — factor C; sowing was carried out on September 25 and October 5 with a deviation of 1–3 days — factor D. The maximum range of variation of the interaction year×predecessor was revealed by the sedimentation index (from 0.2% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’ to 20.7% G2 ’MIP Fortuna’), pulp porosity (from 0.3% G2 ’MIP Fortuna’ to 35.4% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’), flour strength (from 0.5% G1 ’Podolyanka’ to 22.3% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’); the interaction of year×sowing period — in the volume of bread (from 0.5% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’ to 20.7% G5 ’MIP Lada’), flour strength (from 0.7% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’ to 36.4% G2 ’MIP Fortune’); the interaction predecessor×sowing period — by the nature of the grain (from 0.1% G2 ’MIP Fortuna’ to 17.8% G5 ’MIP Lada’), the sedimentation index (from 0.0% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’ to 17.5% G5 ’MIP Lada’); interaction of year×predecessor×sowing period — by grain type (from 0.3% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’ to 15.5% G5 ’MIP Lada’), flour strength (from 1.3% G6 ’Aurora Myronivska’ to 34.2% G2 ’MIP Fortune’); unaccounted for factors — by sedimentation rate (from 6.7% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’ and G5 ’MIP Lada’ to 34.9% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’), pulp porosity (from 7.5% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’ up to 56.6% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’).","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77951632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of soil fertility in Lviv Region","authors":"Yu. Zaitsev, A. Demchyshyn, M. Gunchak","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276733","url":null,"abstract":"The main indicators of soil fertility based on the results of an agrochemical survey of agricultural lands of Lviv region in the XI round (2016–2020) are given. It was established that the acidity of the soil solution in the region is dominated by lands with a neutral reaction of the soil solution (31.3%). The weighted average indicator of saline pH is 6.0, which corresponds to a close to neutral reaction of the soil solution. According to the level of humus provision, soils with an average humus content prevail (36.1%) and the weighted average humus content in the region is 2.6%. According to the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen, most of the lands have a low (60.4%) and medium nitrogen content (18.0%). The weighted average indicator of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen content for the reporting period is 125.6 mg/kg of soil, which corresponds to the low availability of this element. The region is dominated by lands with increased (25.1%) and high content of mobile phosphorus compounds (25.3%) and the weighted average indicator of the content of mobile phosphorus compounds is 107.2 mg/kg, which corresponds to increased availability. In terms of the content of mobile potassium compounds, lands with average potassium content (30.3%) prevail and the weighted average indicator of the content of mobile potassium compounds is 72.2 mg/kg, which corresponds to the average supply with macro element. It was established that in Lviv region, the largest area is occupied by soils of average quality (52.2%), and the average weighted assessment of agricultural land in Lviv region is 43. A comparison of the qualitative assessment of the soils of Lviv region for the X (2011–2015) and XI rounds (2016–2020) of agrochemical examinations is carried out. The results established that the quality of the soils in the Starosambir, Mostysky, Radekhiv and Drohobytsky districts has hardly changed. The quality assessment of the soils of Busky, Zhovkivskyi, Kamianka-Buskyi and Sokalskyi districts improved by 2–4 points, the qualitative assessment of the land condition of Peremyshlyanskyi, Zolochivskyi and Yavorivskyi districts improved by 7-19 points. A decrease in land quality indicators by 2-5 points was recorded in Brodivskyi, Pustomytivskyi, Sambirskyi and Stryiskyi districts, indicators of the qualitative assessment of land condition in Zhydachivskyi and Mykolaivskyi districts worsened by 12-13 points.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76090693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functions of dead wood in forest ecosystem services","authors":"O. Chornobrov, I. Solomakha, V. Solomakha","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283694","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the functions and role of dead wood in the context of forest ecosystem services. The research was carried out by an analytical review of literary sources. A classification of the functions of dead wood is proposed, according to which the following main groups of functions are distinguished: supporting, habitat-providing, protective, resource and informational. Supporting — functions related to the main ecosystem processes. These include functions in the biological cycle of substances and energy, accumulation of nutrients and water, carbon deposition, regulation of ecosystem processes, and participation in soil-forming processes. The ecological functions of dead wood consist in providing habitats for species of flora and fauna, forming a substrate and a favorable environment for development, and preserving the biodiversity of forest ecosystems. Protective — functions aimed at the protection and preservation of certain components and processes of the ecosystem. They include control of surface runoff, soil protection, prevention of erosion and water protection functions. The resource functions of dead wood are the provision of natural resources that are used for human needs, including in industry, construction, other branches of production, as well as a fuel and energy source. The informational functions of dead wood are to provide opportunities for cognitive development, which are realized in a person’s acquisition of scientific and educational, cultural and artistic, spiritual and historical information. The proposed classification is schematic, since the division into function groups is based on the main functions of forest ecosystems in general. The ecological and protective functions of dead wood are interconnected, influencing each other, performing another new function. In the conditions of today’s global environmental challenges and awareness of the importance of dead wood as an important component of forest ecosystems, we consider the research of habitat-providing and informative functions of dead wood to be promising. At the same time, taking into account the current trend of switching to renewable energy sources, the importance of the resource functions of dead wood and its role in carbon deposition will be no less relevant. Ensuring a balance in the provision of deadwood ecosystem services is an important aspect of sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80641985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and biological structure of flora of devasted lands at surfur quarries","authors":"V. Oliferchuk, І. Shukel, О. Kuzyarin","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276729","url":null,"abstract":"The peculiarities of floristic structure on the devastated lands of Yavoriv and Podorozhnie sulfur quarries were analyzed based on ecological and cenotic, trophic and biomorphological structure. According to the collected herbarium material dated July 2022 on the area of Yavoriv sulfur quarry, 187 taxons of land plants were identified, which belong to 125 genera of 49 families. On the territory of Podorozhnie sulfur quarry, 160 species of land plants belonging to 116 genera of 40 families were identified. Species structure of plant communities on the devastated lands of sulfur quarries is rather diverse which proves heterogeneity of edaphic conditions of embriozems. On the territory of Yavoriv sulfur quarry, Asteraceae is the prevailing family (28 species, 24 genera), which is typical for Holarctic flora, Poaceae Barnhart (24 species, 18 genera) and Fabaceae Lindl. (21 species, 9 genera). Similarly, on the territory of Podorozhnie sulfur quarry, the prevailing families are Asteraceae (28 species, 24 genera), Poaceae Barnhart (20 species, 13 genera), Fabaceae Lindl. (16 species, 8 genera). The first six families comprise 111 species (59.35%) on the lands of Yavoriv sulfur quarry and 88 species (56.05%) — on the lands of Podorozhnie sulfur quarry. In the ecological structure of Yavoriv sulfur quarry, 53 species (or 28.34%) in relation to moisture are the dominant mezophites, in relation to natural lighting — heliophytes (184 species or 98.4%). Similar aspects were studied at Podorozhnie sulfur quarry — the dominant mezophytes in relation to moisture (67 species or 41.88%), mezophytes — in relation to nutrition (59 species or 36.88%), heliphytes — in relation to natural lighting (158 species or 98.75%). The structure of floral cenosis complexes of spontaneous flora on the devastated lands of the sulfur quarries is represented by 14 groups, including prevailing forestbush and meadow-steep types: accordingly for Yavoriv sulfur quarry — 36.9% and 22.46%, for Podorozhnie sulfur quarry — 45.63% and 20.63%. Insignificant part of segetal vegetation indicates certain stabilization of demutation processes. According to the classification by I. Serebryakov, herbaceous plants prevail among the studied cenoflora at the sulfur quarries: Yavoriv — 158 species (84.49%), Podorozhnie — 140 species (87.5%). However, the part of perennials is 53.48% and 55%, respectively. According to the mode of dissemination, spontaneous flora on the devastated lands of the sulfur quarries is mostly represented by allochorous plants: from 74.74% to 72.62%, respectively at the quarries. On the devastated lands of the sulfur quarries, four plant species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine were identified.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84512942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental aspects of mineral fertilizing of perennial grass mixtures on drained organic soils","authors":"I. Slusar, V. Serbeniuk, H. Serbeniuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283702","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental protection and effective use of floodplain organic soils of river valleys in the humid zone is associated with the development of sustainable agrosystems, in which 65–75% of the sown area is allocated to perennial grasses. The main measure in the technology of growing perennial grass mixtures is the introduction of mineral fertilizers. The conducted studies show that the highest yield of perennial grass mixtures on average for 2016–2019 was obtained with the introduction of recommended doses of fertilizers obtained on the basis of perennial studies (N45P45K120) — 8.9 t/ha, and with the addition of 2 l/ha Organic Balance — 9.4 t/ha of dry mass; for the yield of 8.5 t/ha for the calculated dose of fertilizers to increase the yield of herbs N45P84K150 and 8.3 t/ha for the calculated dose for the planned yield taking into account the content of nutrients in the soil N45P138K293. Therefore, the most economically profitable and scientifically justified application of mineral fertilizers to crops of perennial grasses obtained on the basis of long-term scientific data, taking into account soil, climatic and weather conditions. In addition, the introduction of different doses of mineral fertilizers led to their corresponding leaching into the drainage waters, the leaching of NO3 during the growing season in the version with the recommended dose of fertilizers was 12.3 mg/l, and in the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for crop growth (N45P84K150) increased leaching into groundwater up to 17.2 mg/l of water. Thus, the economic and ecological evaluation of determination of doses of mineral fertilizers calculated by various methods showed that it is most expedient to determine calculations based on data obtained in long-term studies on crops of perennial grasses.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74840902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forage characteristics of honey bees beha- vior in sunflower agrophytocenoses in the conditions of Poltava region","authors":"T. Senchuk, S. Shakalii, A. Aarshchykova, V. Didenko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276728","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the main results of assessing the sugar content and nectar content of hybrids of common sunflower (Heliánthus ánnuus L.) Duet, Yason and Avalon in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine during pollination by honey bees of the Ukrainian steppe breed (Apis mellifera sossimai Engel) of the Gadyatsky type, the originator of which is the National Science Center «Institute of Beekeeping named after P.I. Prokopovich». The investigated sunflower hybrids are included in the State Register of plant varieties and are recommended for cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The investigated bee families of the Ukrainian steppe breed of the Hadyatskyi type met the requirements of the breed standard according to the results of the exterior evaluation. Their selection for research was carried out by the method of analogues, taking into account their equality in strength, number of offspring, feed reserves, origin and age of queens. The bee colonies were cared for uniformly. The dependence of nectar secretion on weather conditions is shown. The maximum values of nectar secretion of the investigated sunflower hybrids were recorded at an air tempera- ture of 28–30°С and a relative humidity of 67–70%. It is shown that under these conditions the maximum flight of bees was 182 pcs. and was observed in the morning until 12:00 without pollen and 51 pcs. with pollen (under the same conditions). The following nectar content values of sunflower hybrids were recorded: for the Yason hybrid, the nectar content values were 0.28–0.43 mg/day; Avalon — 0.47–0.59 mg/day; Duet — 0.40–0.47 mg/day. The sugar content of the Yason hybrid was 45.9–50.5%; Avalon — 35.9–39.7%; abStract 1512023 • No 1 • Агроекологічний журнАл Duet — 50.1–54.5%. It was shown that the visitation by forager bees of sunflower hybrid crops depends on their sugar content: the visitation by bees of Jason and Duet hybrid crops was higher than Avalon, due to the higher sugar content in the nectar of these two hybrids. Bees of the Ukrainian steppe breed of the Hadyatskyi type prefer plants with higher sugar content. Further studies of the productivity of sun- flower varieties and hybrids from bee pollination are necessary to ensure obtaining agricultural products of appropriate quality.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86061272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic efficiency of seedling method when growing St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) under drip irrigation","authors":"N. Pryvedeniuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283704","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most popular medicinal plants is St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). The main source of obtaining its raw materials is collecting in natural groups. Quite often, the amount of St. John’s wort collected does not satisfy the demand in the domestic market of the country, besides, there are cases that it does not contain a sufficient amount of biologically active substances. Research in recent years shows the high prospects of using medicines made on the basis of St. John’s wort as a powerful antiviral agent, especially in the treatment of COVID19. Therefore, industrial cultivation of this crop to increase the raw material base is relevant. Research on improving the technology of growing St. John’s wort was carried out during 2019–2020 at the Research Station of Medicinal Plants of the IAEM of the National Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of plant planting density on the productivity of St. John’s wort under drip irrigation and perform calculations to determine the optimal plant planting density from an economic point of view. Studies have shown that with an increase in the density of planting plants, the yield of the crop also increased. The growth of the harvest of raw material — dry grass, correspondingly increased the costs of its production. The sum of all expenses in the first year of cultivation ranged from UAH 192757/ha — in the variant with a density of 42 thousand plants/ha, to UAH 277289/ha — in the variant with the highest studied St. John’s wort planting density — 167 thousand plants/ha. From an economic point of view, the most profitable in the first year is the cultivation of St. John’s wort with a planting density of 42–56 thousand plants/ha, a further increase in the planting density of plants reduces the profit, while the profit was UAH 79043–85404/ha, the cost of the raw materials received 63803–73747 UAH/t, with a production profitability of 41.0–41.1%. Analysis of the structure of costs for growing and primary processing of raw materials revealed the factors that most significantly affect the cost of the obtained products. When growing St. John’s wort, the most expensive item was the payment of labor, as in the production process, manual labor was used to care for the crops, maintain the irrigation system, dry the received raw materials, and other operations. Labor costs amounted to UAH 71550–77300/ha. In the second year of St. John’s wort vegetation, the cost of growing the crop decreased compared to the first year of vegetation, and the yield of dry raw materials increased, as a result, the economic indicators were significantly higher. The amount of costs was from UAH 152810 to UAH 160364/ha, depending on the density of planting. The profit was from 175690 to 196036 hryvnias/ha, the profitability of production was from 115.0 to 122.2%. The cost of one ton of dry raw materials ranged from UAH 40496 to UAH 41866. An essential item of expenses in the second year of gro","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80170482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of daily feeding ration of cattle on the transfer of 137Cs and 90Sr to animal organisms and manure in the agroecosystems of Central Forest-Steppe","authors":"I. Pertsovyi, V. Herasymenko, I. Shvydenko, O. Rozputnii, V. Baban, V. Skyba, P. Vered, V. Kharchyshyn, A. Korol, O. Tytariova","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283698","url":null,"abstract":"The ration of feeding for large cattle was investigated and analyzed in terms of the transfer of 137Cs and 90Sr to muscle tissue, bones, milk, and manure biomass. The specific activity of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr was determined in the daily feeding ration of animals. It was found that the soil contamination density of 137Cs at the «Nadiya» farm ranged from 104.2 to 396.5 Bq/m2, while for 90Sr, it ranged from 9.4 to 36.2 Bq/m2. The fields at the «Ivanivske» farm had soil contamination densities of 137Cs ranging from 37.5 to 283.6 Bq/m2 and 90Sr ranging from 7.4 to 32.1 Bq/m2. The soil contamination density of 137Cs at the NNDC BNAU ranged from 4.18 to 8.66 Bq/m2, while for 90Sr, it ranged from 0.44 to 0.88 Bq/m2. The results of the ration assessment indicate that the average daily intake of 137Cs from feed into the animal’s body at the «Nadiya» farm was 375.3±84.2 Bq/kg, and for 90Sr, it was 345.1±98.2 Bq/kg. Significantly lower amounts of radionuclides from the ration entered the animals’ bodies at the «Ivanivske» farm, with an average daily intake of 137Cs at 174.9 Bq/kg and 90Sr at 236.0 Bq/kg. The lowest transfer coefficients of 137Cs and 90Sr from the daily ration to the body were observed at the NNDC BNAU, with 8.56 Bq for 137Cs and 9.69 Bq for 90Sr. It was determined that, overall, the muscle tissue of animals received 6.37% of 137Cs and 0.06% of 90Sr from the ration at the «Nadiya» farm; 2.0% of 137Cs and 0.02% of 90Sr at the «Ivanivske» farm, and 2.22% of 137Cs at the NNDC BNAU. In the case of bones, it was 6.47% of 90Sr at the «Nadiya» farm; 5.47% of 90Sr at the «Ivanivske» farm, and 0.41% of 90Sr at the NNDC BNAU. The obtained results confirmed that 137Cs is capable of evenly accumulating in all organs of the animal, while 90Sr selectively or predominantly accumulates in specific organs. It was established that under conditions of prolonged intake of radionuclides through the ration into the body of large cattle, 85–90% is excreted with the manure biomass.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73461874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}