Formation of grain quality indicators of winter wheat (Triticum L.) varieties depending on agrothechnical and environmental factors

Abstract

When growing grain crops, it is important to increase not only the yield of grain, but also its quality indicators, which determine the technological, flourmilling and baking properties and market value of grain. The study was conducted in a four-factor field experiment in the fields of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine (MIW) located in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2018/19–2020/21 (factor В). The object of the research were five new winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka (MIP Fortuna (G1), MIP Lada (G2), MIP Yuvileina (G3), Aurora Myronivska (G4)) and one variety of hard winter wheat MIP Lakomka (G6) — in comparison with the standard Podolianka (factor А). The experiments were laid down after two preceding crops sunflower, soybean (factor C), sowing was carried out on September 25 and October 5 with a deviation of 1–3 days (factor D). Experiments were laid down: after two predecessors such as sunflower, soybean — factor C; sowing was carried out on September 25 and October 5 with a deviation of 1–3 days — factor D. The maximum range of variation of the interaction year×predecessor was revealed by the sedimentation index (from 0.2% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’ to 20.7% G2 ’MIP Fortuna’), pulp porosity (from 0.3% G2 ’MIP Fortuna’ to 35.4% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’), flour strength (from 0.5% G1 ’Podolyanka’ to 22.3% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’); the interaction of year×sowing period — in the volume of bread (from 0.5% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’ to 20.7% G5 ’MIP Lada’), flour strength (from 0.7% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’ to 36.4% G2 ’MIP Fortune’); the interaction predecessor×sowing period — by the nature of the grain (from 0.1% G2 ’MIP Fortuna’ to 17.8% G5 ’MIP Lada’), the sedimentation index (from 0.0% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’ to 17.5% G5 ’MIP Lada’); interaction of year×predecessor×sowing period — by grain type (from 0.3% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’ to 15.5% G5 ’MIP Lada’), flour strength (from 1.3% G6 ’Aurora Myronivska’ to 34.2% G2 ’MIP Fortune’); unaccounted for factors — by sedimentation rate (from 6.7% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’ and G5 ’MIP Lada’ to 34.9% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’), pulp porosity (from 7.5% G4 ’MIP Lakomka’ up to 56.6% G3 ’MIP Yuvileina’).