A Pizzol, K A Adams, B B A de Vries, C J Curry, P L Calvo
{"title":"Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Patients Affected by Jansen-de Vries Syndrome: Results From an International Survey.","authors":"A Pizzol, K A Adams, B B A de Vries, C J Curry, P L Calvo","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jansen-de Vries syndrome (JdVS) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability and gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities, including recurrent vomiting. This study aimed to understand the frequency and severity of GI symptoms in JdVS patients and to investigate the potential association with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), which has not been previously reported. An international online survey assessed the prevalence and features of CVS and GI disorders in JdVS patients using Rome IV Criteria. The anonymous survey was conducted via Google Forms in April 2021. A total of 21 patients/guardians responded to the survey. The average age at JdVS diagnosis was 8.22 years (range: 1-42). Of the respondents, 6 (28.5%) had a CVS diagnosis, 5 (23.8%) had migraine, and 2 (9.5%) had abdominal migraine. Additionally, 8 (38%) had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and 8 (38%) had functional constipation. An analysis targeted questions showed that 7 (33%) met the Rome IV Criteria for CVS but were undiagnosed, leading to a CVS prevalence of 61% in this cohort. This study highlights a high prevalence of CVS in JdVS patients and underscores the need for increased awareness and accurate diagnosis to address misdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Lokchine, Anne Bergougnoux, Nadège Servant, Linda Akloul, Erika Launay, Laura Mary, Laurence Cluzeau, Mathieu Philippe, Mathilde Domin-Bernhard, Solène Duros, Sylvie Odent, Elena Tucker, Françoise Paris, Marc-Antoine Belaud-Rotureau, Sylvie Jaillard
{"title":"Identification and Characterization of Novel FSHR Copy Number Variations Causing Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.","authors":"Anna Lokchine, Anne Bergougnoux, Nadège Servant, Linda Akloul, Erika Launay, Laura Mary, Laurence Cluzeau, Mathieu Philippe, Mathilde Domin-Bernhard, Solène Duros, Sylvie Odent, Elena Tucker, Françoise Paris, Marc-Antoine Belaud-Rotureau, Sylvie Jaillard","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a key pituitary gonadotropic hormone implicated in human fertility and is crucial for folliculogenesis and recruitment of new antral follicles. Variations in its receptor, FSHR, can lead to diverse reproductive phenotypes including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This study reports a novel case of FSHR-related ovarian insufficiency in a patient with primary amenorrhea, subnormal AMH levels, and delayed puberty. Genetic exploration revealed two compound heterozygous intragenic deletions of FSHR. Specifically, the patient inherited a maternally derived deletion spanning exons 5-10 and a paternally derived deletion involving exons 3-6. Through chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), exome sequencing, long-range PCR, and Sanger sequencing, we characterized the breakpoints and confirmed the compound heterozygous deletions. The findings reveal a complete loss of function of both FSHR alleles, contributing to the patient's POI phenotype. This case emphasizes the complexity of genotype-phenotype correlations in FSHR-related disorders and the role of CNVs in POI phenotypes. Although these events are rare, our results advocate for the inclusion of CNV detection in the diagnostic workup of POI to ensure accurate diagnosis and better patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Isabel Sánchez Barbero, Irene Valenzuela, Paula Fernández-Alvarez, Élida Vazquez, Anna Maria Cueto-Gonzalez, Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti, Laura Trujillano, Bárbara Masotto, Elena García Arumí, Eduardo F Tizzano
{"title":"New Insights Into the Spectrum of RASopathies: Clinical and Genetic Data in a Cohort of 121 Spanish Patients.","authors":"Ana Isabel Sánchez Barbero, Irene Valenzuela, Paula Fernández-Alvarez, Élida Vazquez, Anna Maria Cueto-Gonzalez, Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti, Laura Trujillano, Bárbara Masotto, Elena García Arumí, Eduardo F Tizzano","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noonan syndrome and related disorders are a group of well-known genetic conditions caused by dysregulation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway. Because of the overlap of clinical and molecular features, they are now called RASopathies. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 121 patients with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of RASopathy, describing frequencies for clinical features in all organ systems as well as molecular data. The most common clinical diagnosis was Noonan Syndrome and the most frequently affected gene was PTPN11 followed by SOS1, RAF1, LZTR1, and RIT1. All patients had distinctive craniofacial features indicative of the RASopathy spectrum but we report some atypical features regarding craniofacial shape, such as craniosynostosis and microcephaly. We also describe uncommon clinical characteristics such as aortic dilation, multivalvular heart disease, abnormalities of the posterior fossa, and uterine congenital anomalies in female patients. Furthermore, the presence of multiple giant cell granulomas was observed specifically in patients with SOS1 variants. This comprehensive evaluation allows broadening the phenotypic spectrum of our population and their correlation with the genotype, which are essential to improve the recognition and the follow up of RASopathies as a multisystemic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63905"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B Conti, C Di Napoli, S Hafdaoui, V Nicotra, C Cesaretti, L Runza, V Accurti, S Boito, M Iascone, D Marchetti, R Silipigni, P Finelli, F Natacci
{"title":"CTNND1-Related Disorder: New Insight on Prenatal Phenotype.","authors":"B Conti, C Di Napoli, S Hafdaoui, V Nicotra, C Cesaretti, L Runza, V Accurti, S Boito, M Iascone, D Marchetti, R Silipigni, P Finelli, F Natacci","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CTNND1 is a gene located in 11q12.1, encoding for p120 catenin, a protein involved in maintaining adherent junctions, regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and transcriptional signaling of different cellular pathways. Pathogenic variants in CTNND1 are classically associated with isolated cleft palate and Blefaro-cheilo-dontic syndrome, an autosomal dominant condition characterized by abnormalities of the eyelid. Considering different signs and symptoms associated first with Blefaro-cheilo-dontic syndrome and later specifically with CTNND1, Ahlaratani and colleagues proposed a wider developmental role for CTNND1 than previously described, associating a broader phenotypic spectrum. This report describes a prenatal case in which a CTNND1 pathogenic variant and reverse phenotyping allowed a diagnosis of Blefaro-cheilo-dontic syndrome associated with characteristics never related to Blefaro-cheilo-dontic syndrome or CTNND1, such as hydrocephalus. This report is the first detailed fetal case of Blefaro-cheilo-dontic syndrome, and the new feature reported is consistent with CTNND1 developmental role and may add new insights into the phenotype spectrum that is being defined.</p>","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Successful Pregnancy Outcome With Preconception Care in a Symptomatic Carrier of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Motoaki Kinugawa, Mari Ichinose, Haruka Matsui, Zeng Xiang, Seisuke Sayama, Masatake Toshimitsu, Takahiro Seyama, Hitomi Masuda, Hikoro Matsui, Keiichi Kumasawa, Takayuki Iriyama, Yasushi Hirota, Yutaka Osuga","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder. Female carriers can manifest symptoms during pregnancy, complicating diagnosis and genetic counseling before conception. This is the first report of a DMD symptomatic carrier who was managed continuously from preconception through pregnancy for symptoms recognized before conception. A 31-year-old primipara woman was incidentally noted to have premature ventricular contractions, heart failure, and elevated creatine kinase levels 2 years before pregnancy. Genetic testing confirmed that the patient was a symptomatic carrier of DMD. She had no family history of muscular or cardiac disease, suggesting a de novo variant. She received genetic counseling and planned amniocentesis during pregnancy as prenatal diagnosis. After treatment with bisoprolol and flecainide, her cardiac function improved, and natural conception was achieved. Amniocentesis performed at 16 weeks of gestation indicated a 46, XX karyotype, leading to the decision to continue the pregnancy. From week 16 to 21, the fetus exhibited bradycardia due to blocked premature atrial contraction, which later improved, although the atrioventricular interval was prolonged. The mother delivered vaginally without any complications, and the infant's atrioventricular interval normalized. Preconceptional diagnosis and treatment for DMD carrier status are crucial for shared decision-making and to achieve favorable perinatal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Rabin, Yoel Hirsch, Kevin T A Booth, Patricia L Hall, Naomi Yachelevich, Pramod K Mistry, Josef Ekstein, John Pappas
{"title":"ARSA Variant Associated With Late Infantile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy and Carrier Rate in Individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish Ancestry.","authors":"Rachel Rabin, Yoel Hirsch, Kevin T A Booth, Patricia L Hall, Naomi Yachelevich, Pramod K Mistry, Josef Ekstein, John Pappas","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease resulting from bi-allelic pathogenic variants in the ARSA gene. MLD is distinguished clinically based on the age of onset into late-infantile, juvenile, and adult. The late-infantile type is the most severe phenotype presenting with hypotonia, weakness, gait abnormalities, which progresses to mental and physical decline leading to early death. MLD is considered to be pan-ethnic and no founder variants have previously been described in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. We identified three unrelated individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent with homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for the c.178C>T (p.Arg60Trp) variant in the ARSA gene, with a phenotype consistent with late-infantile MLD. The carrier frequency was calculated among 93,293 individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent through the Dor Yeshorim screening program and found to have a carrier frequency on 1 in 1554 or 0.06%, which may be representative of a founder variant. Molecular protein modeling showed that the variant affects regional folding. Late-infantile MLD should be considered when the c.178C>T (p.Arg60Trp) variant in the ARSA gene is present in either the homozygous or the compound heterozygous states.</p>","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Namanpreet Kaur, Michelle C do Rosario, Purvi Majethia, Selinda Mascarenhas, Lakshmi Priya Rao, Karthik Vijay Nair, Bhagesh Hunakunti, Adarsh Pooradan Prasannakumar, Rohit Naik, Dhanya Lakshmi Narayanan, Shalini S Nayak, Vivekananda Bhat, Suvasini Sharma, Y Ramesh Bhat, B L Yatheesha, Rajesh Kulkarni, Siddaramappa J Patil, Sheela Nampoothiri, Shahyan Siddiqui, Katta Mohan Girisha, Stephanie Bielas, Anju Shukla
{"title":"Neuroimaging to Genotype: Delineating the Spectrum of Disorders With Deficient Myelination in the Indian Population.","authors":"Namanpreet Kaur, Michelle C do Rosario, Purvi Majethia, Selinda Mascarenhas, Lakshmi Priya Rao, Karthik Vijay Nair, Bhagesh Hunakunti, Adarsh Pooradan Prasannakumar, Rohit Naik, Dhanya Lakshmi Narayanan, Shalini S Nayak, Vivekananda Bhat, Suvasini Sharma, Y Ramesh Bhat, B L Yatheesha, Rajesh Kulkarni, Siddaramappa J Patil, Sheela Nampoothiri, Shahyan Siddiqui, Katta Mohan Girisha, Stephanie Bielas, Anju Shukla","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63914","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several genetic disorders are associated with either a permanent deficit or a delay in central nervous system myelination. We investigated 24 unrelated families (25 individuals) with deficient myelination after clinical and radiological evaluation. A combinatorial approach of targeting and/or genomic testing was employed. Molecular diagnosis was achieved in 22 out of 24 families (92%). Four families (4/9, 44%) were diagnosed with targeted testing and 18 families (18/23, 78%) were diagnosed using broad genomic testing. Overall, 14 monogenic disorders were identified. Twenty disease-causing variants were identified in 14 genes including PLP1, GJC2, POLR1C, TUBB4A, UFM1, NKX6-2, DEGS1, RNASEH2C, HEXA, ATP7A, SETBP1, GRIN2B, OCLN, and ZBTB18. Among these, nine (45%) variants are novel. Fourteen families (82%, 14/17) were diagnosed using proband-only exome sequencing (ES) complemented with deep phenotyping, thus highlighting the utility of singleton ES as a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying these disorders in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63914"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isis Atallah, Katarina Cisarova, Cécile Guenot, Estelle Dubruc, Andrea Superti-Furga, Belinda Campos-Xavier, Sheila Unger
{"title":"Recurrent Increased Nuchal Translucency Led to the Identification of Novel NUP107 Variants.","authors":"Isis Atallah, Katarina Cisarova, Cécile Guenot, Estelle Dubruc, Andrea Superti-Furga, Belinda Campos-Xavier, Sheila Unger","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five percent of fetuses presents increased fetal nuchal translucency. It is a well-known marker for aneuploidy (T21, Turner syndrome) and a variety of monogenic syndromes such as Noonan syndrome and certain skeletal dysplasias, as well as associated with structural malformations such as congenital heart disease. Current diagnostic algorithms for increased nuchal translucency include a rapid test for aneuploidy (fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH, or quantitative PCR), a cytogenetic analysis (karyotype or chromosomal microarray, CMA) followed by or concurrent with targeted gene panel analysis for RASopathies/Noonan syndrome. Some centers now propose whole exome sequencing as an adjunct, but its usefulness in isolated increased nuchal translucency remains debated. We describe the recurrence of apparently isolated increased nuchal translucency in 2 euploid fetuses. Whole genome sequencing identified two compound heterozygous variants in the NUP107 gene in both fetuses. Biallelic variants in NUP107 are responsible for severe steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, either isolated or syndromic (Galloway-Mowat syndrome); in addition to the renal phenotype, the latter also includes intellectual deficiency and dysmorphic features. Pregnancy termination made it impossible to assess whether the NUP107 variants found would have resulted in isolated or syndromic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. However, identifying the responsible gene improved the accuracy of the genetic counseling. This family is an example of the added benefit of introducing WES/WGS in standardized protocols for prenatal diagnosis of euploid fetuses in \"isolated\" increased nuchal translucency.</p>","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda M Reis, Gerald W Zaidman, Samuel Thompson, Sanaa Muheisen, Tom Glaser, Elena V Semina
{"title":"Further Evidence for a Possible Role for ZHFX4 in Human Ocular Development and Disease.","authors":"Linda M Reis, Gerald W Zaidman, Samuel Thompson, Sanaa Muheisen, Tom Glaser, Elena V Semina","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63911"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zöe Powis, Jonathon Lutz, Khalida Liaquat, Jyes A Querubin, Sat Dev Batish
{"title":"Expanding the Phenotype of Extremely Early Onset Juvenile Huntington's Disease: A Case Report and Review of Previously Published Cases.","authors":"Zöe Powis, Jonathon Lutz, Khalida Liaquat, Jyes A Querubin, Sat Dev Batish","doi":"10.1002/ajmg.a.63894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extremely early-onset juvenile Huntington's disease (HD) has been described in three patients with onset at approximately 18 months to 2 years of age. Herein, we report a patient with, to our knowledge, the youngest age of onset with the largest reported explicit expansion size. We also summarize the previously reported cases of extremely early-onset juvenile HD. This information is important to gain insight into this phenotype for earlier diagnosis and in the hopes of future lifesaving treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7507,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e63894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}