The Indian journal of occupational therapy最新文献

{"title":"Occupational Therapy for Reducing Disabilities in Persons with Disabilities in India: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sureshkumar Kamalakannan, Manigandan Chockalingam, Lakshmanan Sethuraman, Shobana Devi Moorthy, Thirumugam Muthuvel","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_40_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_40_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current evidence for occupational therapy practice, teaching, and research is replicated and implemented significantly from high-income countries in India. Therefore, a systematic review and an evaluation of existing evidence for occupational therapy (OT) to reduce disabilities including impairments, activity limitations, and participation restriction in persons with disabilities (PWD) in India are warranted.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of OT interventions for reducing disabilities in PWD in India.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED, and Web of Science. A hand search was also carried out in selected Indian journals, OT-specific databases, and repositories, such as <i>Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy</i>, <i>Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy</i>, OT Seekers, World Federation of Occupational Therapy Bulletin, Asia Pacific Occupational Therapists Regional Group, and clinical trials registers. The search was restricted to published studies conducted in India during 2000-2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of an occupational therapy intervention delivered by OTs for PWD, where the effects of the intervention were evaluated using any relevant disability outcome measure. Studies without access to full text were excluded. Two review authors independently completed screening, and one author reviewed the full text of the screened studies. Another pair of authors extracted data from included studies for prespecified disability outcomes, and two authors assessed the risk of bias in the included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified seven RCTs of occupational therapy interventions for PWD in India with 305 participants in total. All seven studies were very different in terms of their objective, participants, comparison, and outcomes. Allocation concealment and blinding and risk of bias were high in five trials. All the trials reported impairment outcomes with a statistically significant difference between the experimental arm and the control arm in terms of their primary outcomes except one. Given the sample size and the risk of bias in each of the included trials, the effect size has to be understood and interpreted with utmost caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, this review establishes the paucity of evidence for occupational therapy for PWD in India. Building the capacity for rigorous and relevant scientific research in occupational therapy would enable bridging the gaps in evidence for occupational therapy in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"53 1","pages":"4-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/66/EMS129345.PMC7612085.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39718275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bottom-up and top-down cognitive rehabilitation following mild traumatic brain injury - Occupational therapists' perspective: An online survey study","authors":"A. Vas, Anna Luedtke, Eryn Ortiz, Marsha Neville","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_8_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_8_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) can result in long-lasting cognitive deficits. Comprehensive rehabilitation efforts need to integrate varied training approaches to address cognitive challenges and subsequently improve long-term functional outcomes. Objectives: The goal of this pilot study was to learn about occupational therapists' interpretation and practice of bottom-up and top-down cognitive rehabilitation activities for adults with mTBI. Study Design: An online survey study was conducted. Methods: A TBI expert team developed a case study with 30 functionally based treatment activities that closely align with the current rehabilitation practice. Of the 30 activities, the team identified 15 as bottom-up and 15 as top-down based on the definitions in the literature and clinical experience. The case study was sent in an online survey format to Occupational Therapists (OTs) across the country. Results: Out of 67 participants who agreed to participate, 30 completed the survey. The majority of the participants (87.5%) indicated that they were familiar with bottom-up and top-down treatment activities. Descriptive analyses found that the agreement between the authors and participants on bottom-up activities was 47.5% and on top-down activities was 77.56%; significant Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (0.939, 95% confidence interval [0.903, 0.966], P < 0.001) on all the items suggests that there was nearly perfect agreement in all item scores between the participants. These responses were consistent across OTs with varying levels of education, experience, and geographical locations. Conclusions: Increased knowledge and awareness of the distinction between bottom-up and top-down activities could equip clinicians with effective training tools to improve cognitive training. Future studies could address limitations of the study, including small sample size, descriptive statistical approach, and potentially biased view of the treatment activities by the authors.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"83 1","pages":"56 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88104372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on impact of Corona Virus Disease 2019 Pandemic on activities of daily living, play, and sensory behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional survey study","authors":"G. Nithya, Vinita Damodaran, V. Mythili","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_34_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_34_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: New Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a greater influence on all of us and has changed many of our everyday routines. Adjusting to a new routine is stressful for everyone, but especially for children with Autism who have difficulty with change, it is more stressful. As, insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, and ritualistic patterns are the core features of autism, environmental changes, home confinement, disrupted daily routines, restricted access to schools, therapy centers during this pandemic will have a unique impact on children with Autism and their families. Objectives: The objective of this study was to systematically assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on activities of daily living (ADL), play, and sensory behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Study Design: Cross-sectional survey study was conducted. Methods: Convenient sampling method was used. The study sample consisted of 100 parents/primary caregivers of children with Autism. A structured ADL, play, sensory behavior questionnaire (45 items) was designed, validated, and administered through face to face and telephonic interviews. The duration of the study was 1 month. Results: Substantial proportion of the parents (69%) reported inconsistent daily routines and inconsistent sleep routines (67%) since the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighty-three percent of ASD children spend more time on mobile phones and televisions than interactive play. Home confinement during this pandemic resulted in lower physical activity was mentioned by 69% of ASD parents and 70% mentioned the increased social withdrawal of ASD. Many parents reported increased intensity of vestibular-proprioceptive seeking (75%), other sensory behaviors during this COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The study analysis suggests that COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on children with ASD on their ADL, play, and sensory behaviors. Ninety nine percent of our study respondents were not able to access therapy centers, and other intervention facilities during this pandemic. Lack of access to these structured environments during this pandemic could have contributed to the worsening of ASD children's behaviors. So, this study stress, access to the health care services that serve ASD children, especially occupational therapy, needs to be considered essential and remain available during these kinds of pandemics with universal precautions and/or via alternative modes of delivery, i.e. tele-consultation.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"23 1","pages":"64 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84607624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of scope of practice of occupational therapy in India: An overview","authors":"K. Mani, A. Rao, Murali Krishnan, S. Moorthy, Jothikumar Ramakrishnan, Naresh Karunakaran","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_43_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_43_20","url":null,"abstract":"An official scope of practice (SOP) is a critical document for any healthcare profession as it defines the profession's scope and protects its boundary from encroachment by unqualified individuals. It is a key document referred by professional regulators when regulating healthcare professions. This article outlines the development process utilized by the Indian Occupational Therapists Think Tank to develop an official SOP document for the profession of occupational therapy in India.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"141 1","pages":"51 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81426371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OTICON'2021 Conference Abstracts","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/0445-7706.322173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0445-7706.322173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"157 1","pages":"77 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85812830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The issues of concern in respect to the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions Act 2021 and the notification on laid down rules","authors":"A. Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_55_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_55_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"64 1","pages":"49 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81573980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of occupational therapy on cognitive functions and occupational performances in hospitalized patients with mental-health disorder: A single-arm interventional study","authors":"Pooja Mehta","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_6_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_6_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cognitive dysfunction, a distressing outcome of mental-health disorders (MHDs), hinders an individual's occupational performance (OP). OP is the outcome of dynamic interaction between a person, their unique environment and occupation. With only pharmacological treatment, symptom reduction was not in pace with the recovery rate of cognitive and OP dysfunction resulting persistence of these dysfunctions even post-hospital discharge. Hence, occupational therapy (OT) intervention before discharge would be required, for patient's functioning at premorbid level postdischarge. However, till date, very few Indian studies on the effect of OT on cognition and OP in individuals with MHDs are done with under-representation of the client population. Objectives: To study the effect of OT on cognitive functions and OP in hospitalized patients with MHDs. Study Design: A single-arm interventional study was conducted. Methods: Based on the selection criteria, 88 patients who were (aged 18–55 years) diagnosed with MHDs and were admitted in the hospital were enrolled after screening during their first visit to OT department using the purposive sampling method. Participants recruited were categorized into diagnostic groups: schizophrenia, neurotic disorders, mood disorders, and alcohol-substance use disorders for data analysis. Patients were assessed on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and comprehensive OT evaluation (COTE) scale pre- and post-therapy after 3 weeks, i.e. after 6 sessions. Cognitive-OP focused-OT intervention was given twice a week. Results: The descriptive data analysis showed an increase in performance posttherapy for all subtests (except Language-praxis subtest in Group-Neurotic Disorders) and overall scores of both assessments in all the groups. Total MMSE performance both pre- and post-therapy was better than total COTE performance in all the groups. Posttherapy, maximum improvement was observed in Recall among MMSE subtests and in Task-behavior among COTE subtests across all groups. Inferential data analysis showed highly significant improvement posttherapy for total MMSE and total COTE scores (P < 0.01, 95% confidence interval: Groups: schizophrenia [(−3.218, −2.302) and (15.991, 18.329)], neurotic disorders [(−3.169, −1.631) and (13.230, 18.970)], mood disorders [(−3.100, −1.650) and (15.095, 19.155)] and Group: alcohol and substance-use disorders [(−4.210, −1.456) and (17.855, 22.47)] respectively). Conclusion: OT intervention is effective in improving cognitive and OP in hospitalized patients with MHDs.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"2007 1","pages":"23 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88081393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National commission for allied and health-care professions act 2021 and the central council of occupational therapy","authors":"A. Srivastava, N. Mishra","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_52_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_52_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"53 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81587167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation outcomes of persons with severe traumatic brain injury: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"CatherineJudithHossanna, Selvaraj Samuelkamaleshkumar, R. Aruna, S. Annpatriciacatherine, Stephen Reethajanetsurekha, Arumugam Elango","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_45_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_45_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The recent literature regarding functional outcomes and the effectiveness of rehabilitation for persons with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggests that these patients are capable of significant functional recovery over a period of months to years after injury. However, the researches concerning this are very limited. Therefore, this study has been conducted to study the rehabilitation outcomes in persons with severe TBI. Objective: To study the rehabilitation outcomes of persons with severe TBI who have completed 8–16 weeks of residential, postacute rehabilitation. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey study design was chosen. Methods: This study was done in Rehabilitation center of Christian Medical College, Vellore. Forty-two patients with severe TBI who completed rehabilitation from January 2014 to November 2016 were selected for this study. Usual care was provided to the participants in a transdisciplinary service delivery model. The Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM), Coma Recovery Scale Revised (CRS-R), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Disability Rating Scale, and Community reintegration Questionnaire (CIQ) were used based on the International Classification of Functioning framework to assess the functional gains achieved during and after the rehabilitation process that include admission, discharge, and follow-up. Results: Significant improvements in CRS-R (confidence interval [CI]: −2.879 to − 0.741; P = 0.000), WHIM (CI: −10.42 to − 2.96; P = 0.000), ACE-III (CI: −8.23 to − 26.15; P = 0.000), and MBI (CI: −15.32 to − 39.18; P = 0.000) were found from admission to discharge. A significant change in disability was observed at discharge (CI: 3.79–6.07; P = 0.000) and at follow-up (CI: 0.87–1.75; P = 0.000). Marital status was influencing the CRS-R (CI: −0.82–6.79; P = 0.011) and the WHIM scores (CI: −0.619–14.12; P = 0.047). The mean follow-up CIQ score was 9.77 (standard deviation = 7.01). Only socioeconomic status was influencing CIQ (CI: 2.90–12.98; P = 0.003). Conclusion: Participants showed significant functional gains after the residential, post-acute rehabilitation program. These functional gains were not reflected in their community reintegration.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"14 1","pages":"31 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87488248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral intervention for bladder control and its impact on quality of life in persons with traumatic paraplegia: A one-arm interventional study","authors":"A. Nayak, R. Sahu","doi":"10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_13_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_13_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Injury to spinal cord results in many neurological problems, and bladder dysfunction is one of the major factors affecting quality of life (QOL). Improvement in bladder control leads to improvement of psychosocial well-being related to urinary incontinence, thereby enhancing QOL. The effect of behavioral intervention (BI) on bladder control is well documented in patients with urinary incontinence. However, very few evidences are available on its effect in patients with traumatic paraplegia in Indian context. Objectives: The study objective was to determine the effect of BI on bladder control and QOL in patients with traumatic paraplegia and to find the relationship between status of bladder control and QOL. Study Design: This was a one-arm interventional study design. Methods: Initial screening was done by using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, and thirty six traumatic paraplegics were recruited for the study. BI along with traditional bladder management was provided to them for 8 weeks, and after this period, home exercise program was prescribed. Pre- and postintervention data were recorded using Urogenital Distress Inventory short form (UDI-6) and Incontinence QOL (IQOL). Follow-up data were recorded 6 months after completion of intervention to measure the retention effect. Results: Friedman test showed a significant difference (P = 0.000 and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.000–0.080) across preintervention, postintervention, and follow-up data for both outcome measures. Post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant difference (P = 0.000 and 95% CI: 0.000–0.080) between preintervention and postintervention scores as well as preintervention and follow-up scores for both the outcome measures. No significant difference was noted on analysis of postintervention and follow-up scores (P=0.472 and 95% CI: 0.026-0.052) for UDI-6 and (P=0.743 and 95% CI:0.000-0.0130) for IQOL. When preintervention scores of UDI-6 and IQOL were correlated using Kendall's tau correlation coefficient, it gave a high negative correlation (−0.725), which implied that the poorer status of bladder control is related to poorer QOL. Conclusion: BI was an effective technique in improving bladder control, aid to faster improvement when used along with other traditional bladder management techniques in patients with traumatic paraplegia leading better QOL seen over a period of 6 months.","PeriodicalId":75019,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"39 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82269711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}