The anthropocene review最新文献_第5页

The Ernesto Cave, northern Italy, as a candidate auxiliary reference section for the definition of the Anthropocene series 意大利北部的埃内斯托洞穴，作为人类世系列定义的候选辅助参考剖面

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221144094

A. Borsato, I. Fairchild, S. Frisia, Peter M. Wynn, J. Fohlmeister

{"title":"The Ernesto Cave, northern Italy, as a candidate auxiliary reference section for the definition of the Anthropocene series","authors":"A. Borsato, I. Fairchild, S. Frisia, Peter M. Wynn, J. Fohlmeister","doi":"10.1177/20530196221144094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221144094","url":null,"abstract":"Annually laminated stalagmites ER77 and ER78 from Grotta di Ernesto provide an accurate annual record of environmental and anthropogenic signals for the last ~200 years. Two major transitions are recorded in the stalagmites. The first coincides with the year 1840 CE, when a change from porous and impurity-rich-laminae to clean, translucent laminae occurs. This is accompanied by a steady increase in the growth rate, a decrease in fluorescence and a sharp increase in δ13C values. These changes concur with the end of the Little Ice Age. The second transition takes place around the year 1960 CE and corresponds with an increase in both annual growth rate and sulfur concentration in stalagmite ER78 at 4.2 mm from the top, and with the deflection point in the 14C activity curve in stalagmite ER77 at 4.8 mm from the top. This latter is the stratigraphic signal proposed as the primary guide for the definition of the Anthropocene series. The following shift toward depleted δ34S–SO4 in stalagmite ER78 suggests that industrial pollution is a major source of sulfur. The interpretation of atmospheric signals (S, δ34S, 14C) in the stalagmites is affected by attenuation and time lags and the environmental signals are influenced by soil and ecosystem processes, while other anthropogenic signals (δ15N, 239Pu) are not recorded. For these reasons, the stalagmite record is here proposed as an auxiliary (reference) section rather than a global standard. In summary, Grotta di Ernesto contains one of the best stalagmite records documenting the Anthropocene, and one of only two stalagmite records where the S peak has been measured at high resolution.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"269 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Beppu Bay, Japan, as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series 日本别府湾，作为人类世系列的候选全球边界层型剖面和点

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221135077

Michinobu Kuwae, B. Finney, Zhiyuan Shi, A. Sakaguchi, Narumi Tsugeki, T. Omori, T. Agusa, Yoshiaki Suzuki, Y. Yokoyama, H. Hinata, Yoshio Hatada, J. Inoue, K. Matsuoka, Misaki Shimada, H. Takahara, Shin Takahashi, D. Ueno, Atsuko Amano, J. Tsutsumi, Masanobu Yamamoto, K. Takemura, Keitaro Yamada, K. Ikehara, T. Haraguchi, S. Tims, M. Froehlich, L. K. Fifield, T. Aze, K. Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, M. Matsumura, Y. Tani, P. Leavitt, H. Doi, T. Irino, K. Moriya, A. Hayashida, Kotaro Hirose, Hidekazu Suzuki, Y. Saito

{"title":"Beppu Bay, Japan, as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series","authors":"Michinobu Kuwae, B. Finney, Zhiyuan Shi, A. Sakaguchi, Narumi Tsugeki, T. Omori, T. Agusa, Yoshiaki Suzuki, Y. Yokoyama, H. Hinata, Yoshio Hatada, J. Inoue, K. Matsuoka, Misaki Shimada, H. Takahara, Shin Takahashi, D. Ueno, Atsuko Amano, J. Tsutsumi, Masanobu Yamamoto, K. Takemura, Keitaro Yamada, K. Ikehara, T. Haraguchi, S. Tims, M. Froehlich, L. K. Fifield, T. Aze, K. Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, M. Matsumura, Y. Tani, P. Leavitt, H. Doi, T. Irino, K. Moriya, A. Hayashida, Kotaro Hirose, Hidekazu Suzuki, Y. Saito","doi":"10.1177/20530196221135077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221135077","url":null,"abstract":"For assessment of the potential of the Beppu Bay sediments as a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) candidate for the Anthropocene, we have integrated datasets of 99 proxies. The datasets for the sequences date back 100 years for most proxy records and 1300 years for several records. The cumulative number of occurrences of the anthropogenic fingerprint reveal unprecedented increases above the base of the 1953 flood layer at 64.6 cm (1953 CE), which coincides with an initial increase in global fallout of 239Pu+240Pu. The onset of the proliferation of anthropogenic fingerprints was followed by diverse human-associated events, including a rapid increase in percent modern 14C in anchovy scales, changes in nitrogen and carbon cycling as recorded by anchovy δ15N and δ13C, elevated pollution of heavy metals, increased deposition of novel materials (spheroidal carbonaceous particles, microplastics, polychlorinated biphenyls), the occurrence of hypoxia (Re/Mo ratio) and eutrophication (biogenic opal, TOC, TN, diatoms, chlorophyll a), unprecedented microplankton community changes (compositions of carotenoids, diatoms, dinoflagellates), abnormally high spring air temperatures as inferred from diatom fossils, and lithological changes. These lines of evidence indicate that the base of the 1953 layer is the best GSSP level candidate in the stratigraphy at this site.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"49 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49501221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Śnieżka peatland as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series 作为人类世系列候选全球边界地层类型剖面和点的希尼卡泥炭地

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221136425

B. Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, E. Łokas, Beata Smieja-Król, S. Turner, F. De Vleeschouwer, M. Woszczyk, K. Marcisz, M. Gałka, M. Lamentowicz, P. Kołaczek, I. Hajdas, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Katarzyna Kołtonik, T. Mróz, S. Roberts, N. Rose, T. Krzykawski, A. Boom, Handong Yang

{"title":"The Śnieżka peatland as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series","authors":"B. Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, E. Łokas, Beata Smieja-Król, S. Turner, F. De Vleeschouwer, M. Woszczyk, K. Marcisz, M. Gałka, M. Lamentowicz, P. Kołaczek, I. Hajdas, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Katarzyna Kołtonik, T. Mróz, S. Roberts, N. Rose, T. Krzykawski, A. Boom, Handong Yang","doi":"10.1177/20530196221136425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221136425","url":null,"abstract":"The subalpine, atmospherically fed Śnieżka peatland, located in the Polish part of the Sudetes, is one of the nominated candidates for the GSSP of the Anthropocene. Data from two profiles, Sn1 (2012) and Sn0 (2020), from this site are critical for distinguishing the proposed epoch, while an additional core Sn2 is presented to support main evidence. The Sn0 archive contains a wide array of critical markers such as plutonium (Pu), radiocarbon (F14C), fly ash particles, Hg and stable C and N isotopes which are consistent with the previously well documented 210Pb/14C dated Sn1 profile, which provides a high-resolution and comprehensive database of trace elements and rare earth elements (REE), Pb isotopes, Pu, Cs, pollen and testate amoebae. The 1952 worldwide appearance of Pu, owing to its global synchronicity and repeatability between the cores, is proposed here as a primary marker of the Anthropocene, supported by the prominent upturn of selected chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic indicators as well as the appearance of technofossils and artificial radionuclides.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"288 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42026164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Impact of farming on African landscapes 农业对非洲景观的影响

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221140145

D. Wright

{"title":"Impact of farming on African landscapes","authors":"D. Wright","doi":"10.1177/20530196221140145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221140145","url":null,"abstract":"As the continent with the deepest record of human history, the relationship between landscape formation and human subsistence practices is inseparable. The activities that constitute ‘farming’ are open for some matter of discussion, but essentially speak to the co-evolution of human, plant and animal reproductive systems along a continuum of interdependence. This process is ever evolving, but has resulted in the formation of landscapes in which anthropogenic processes characterize ecosystem functionality in nearly all biomes on the continent. Practices of cultivation, broadly conceptualized, across Africa are varied in the ways in which they have transformed ecological systems and landscapes. The use of fire as a landscape management tool dates to the Pleistocene, and penning of wild sheep to the early Holocene. The alteration of the landscape of fear by these types of human activities had fundamentally restructured trophic systems in Africa prior to the introduction of agriculture. However, the introduction of animal herding and intensive forms of plant cultivation by the middle Holocene correlated to even more significant ecological changes. The creation of agricultural landscapes has had a negative impact on biodiversity in some locations, whereas other some practices at different points in time have positively affected biodiversity. It is now recognized that humans have long influenced the evolution of landscapes wherever they live, but the current research focuses on where, when and how socio-ecological processes become coupled in the palaeoecological record.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45929680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The East Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea) as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series 东哥特兰盆地（波罗的海）作为人类世系列的候选全球边界层型剖面和点

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221132709

J. Kaiser, Serena M. Abel, H. Arz, A. Cundy, O. Dellwig, P. Gaca, G. Gerdts, I. Hajdas, M. Labrenz, J. Milton, M. Moros, S. Primpke, S. Roberts, N. Rose, S. Turner, M. Voss, J. A. Ivar do Sul

引用次数: 1

The shape of Anthropocene: The early contribution of the water sciences 人类世的形态：水科学的早期贡献

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221140143

E. Luciano

{"title":"The shape of Anthropocene: The early contribution of the water sciences","authors":"E. Luciano","doi":"10.1177/20530196221140143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221140143","url":null,"abstract":"The conceptual history of the Anthropocene is well-known: after a few scattered appearances in Soviet literature, the term Anthropocene was reignited independently by Paul Crutzen during his famous intervention at the IGBP-SC meeting in Cuernavaca in February 2000. The standard narrative of the history of the term emphasizes the role of Earth System Science and geology in institutionalizing the term, and in paving the way for the term’s current popularity within and beyond the natural sciences. Yet this standard account misses a third important contribution to the earliest assimilation, spread, and evolution of the term in the scientific literature: the water sciences. The present contribution reconsiders the role of seminal papers, individuals, and disciplinary areas in the water sciences in the early conceptual history of the Anthropocene concept. The analysis draws on three main findings concerning the early appearance, assimilation, and application of the term in water sciences literature which has been largely overshadowed in existing accounts of the history of the Anthropocene concept. Discussing these literary sources at the intersection of conceptual history, history of science, and scientometrics, the research argues that the water sciences were crucial in the early assimilation and application of the Anthropocene as a suitable and useful category in the international scientific community. In doing so, the analysis also advances that the water sciences should be considered as the third vector (together with Earth System Science and geology) in reconstructing the earliest conceptual history of the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47524890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Maintaining global biodiversity by developing a sustainable Anthropocene food production system 通过发展可持续的人类世粮食生产系统来维持全球生物多样性

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221129747

C. Thomas

引用次数: 1

Greening Keynes? Productivist lineages of the Green New Deal Greening Keynes？绿色新政的生产主义谱系

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221128369

Jeremy Green

{"title":"Greening Keynes? Productivist lineages of the Green New Deal","authors":"Jeremy Green","doi":"10.1177/20530196221128369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221128369","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has propelled the Green New Deal to prominence as a strategy for greening the economy. This article interrogates the Green New Deal’s coherence and suitability as a response to ecological crisis. Retracing the intellectual lineages of New Deal-era economic thought, the article reveals a common Keynesian inheritance of productivist preoccupations with full employment, rising income and productivity, that links Green New Deal proposals with their New Deal progenitors. This Keynesian inheritance generates internal inconsistencies within Green New Deal proposals, undermining their coherence and suitability as visions of green transition. Green New Deal proponents seek a political economy that respects ecological limits but they rationalize and legitimate their visions of green transition through a Keynesian commitment to a virtuous circle of rising investment, full employment, increasing income, and economic growth. This Keynesian inheritance is both premised on the denial of ecological limits and tarnished by its historical association with environmental destruction. Outlining an alternative approach, the article revisits the methodological historicism of New Deal-era economic thinking as a guide for redefining strategies of green transition. Drawing on Keynes’s reflections on the historical impermanence of the ‘economic problem’ and mapping contemporary institutional dynamics, the article proposes a more consistent, transformative, and radical rupture from incumbent macro-economic imaginaries","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"324 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43259087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of transportation infrastructures on the alteration of hillslope and fluvial geomorphology 交通基础设施在山坡和河流地貌变化中的作用

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221128371

S. Roy

{"title":"Role of transportation infrastructures on the alteration of hillslope and fluvial geomorphology","authors":"S. Roy","doi":"10.1177/20530196221128371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221128371","url":null,"abstract":"Transport network infrastructure interacts with the earth’s surface because they often share common spaces (e.g. river valleys), such that transport is an anthropogenic pressure that can affect geomorphological processes and outcomes. Since having its profound effect worldwide, the systematic study on the effect of transportation infrastructures (TIs) on the alteration of geomorphological forms and processes has been less focused than on any other anthropogeomorphic driver. The present review provides a multidimensional overview based on the available literature and data on the effect of TIs in changing hillslope and fluvial geomorphology to sustain a peaceful harmony between the transport network and its surrounding landscapes. The study underlines the effect of major TIs like trails, roads, railways, tunnels, causeways, waterways and airports on the alteration of different geomorphological processes on hillslope and fluvial landscapes like the movement of earth material, geomorphic connectivity, slope instability, sediment production, gully initiation and surface runoff. For instance, the global level proximity analysis shows ~40% of landslides happen within the 500 m of any major roads only, while at the regional scale it becomes ~65% irrespective of the degree of seismicity. Due to the fast development of TIs, the mountain regions are more prone to slope instability because of the alteration of surface hydrology by increasing runoff, road and ditch guided concentrated flow, rills and gully formation by reducing drainage area to cross the critical threshold limit. The plain regions are primarily facing the problem of fluvial (dis)connectivity because of the close proximity between river and transport networks and undersized causeways. For sustainable TIs development, factors like the practice of bio-engineering for roadside slope management, de-culverting, 100-year flood return for causeway construction, mapping of river corridors, road water harvesting should be incorporated for less effect on hillslope and fluvial geomorphology.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"344 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44925917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Aristotle in the Anthropocene: The comparative benefits of Aristotelian virtue ethics over Utilitarianism and deontology 亚里士多德在人类世:亚里士多德德性伦理学相对于功利主义和义务论的比较优势

The anthropocene review Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221105093

Kevin Morrell, Frederik Dahlmann

{"title":"Aristotle in the Anthropocene: The comparative benefits of Aristotelian virtue ethics over Utilitarianism and deontology","authors":"Kevin Morrell, Frederik Dahlmann","doi":"10.1177/20530196221105093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221105093","url":null,"abstract":"In the Anthropocene, humanity faces a pressing question: ‘what should we do?’ Here we are interested in the underlying sense and reference of the normative ‘should’ as it applies to ethics with respect to different actors. To excavate ‘should’, we unearth the foundations of three conventional groupings of normative ethical systems: Mill’s utilitarianism, Kantian deontological ethics and Aristotelian virtue ethics. Each provides a normative basis for saying what humans ‘should’ do. We draw on specific examples from the private sector to argue that debates on the role of ethics in business are dominated by consequentialist and deontological accounts which, while essential, entail certain limitations regarding the realities of this new geological epoch. Identifying the comparative benefits of Aristotelian virtue ethics enables us to develop new insights and suggestions for ethics in the Anthropocene. We identify three distinctive features of Aristotelian virtue ethics: (i) a focus on agents rather than acts, (ii) a distinction between laws and customs versus nature and (iii) the importance of tradition. We set out corresponding implications for ethics and sustainability as applied to the private sector.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42508833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1