Advances in Urology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Treatment of Patients with Localised Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"O A Voylenko,&nbsp;O E Stakhovsky,&nbsp;I V Vitruk,&nbsp;O A Kononenko,&nbsp;M V Pikul,&nbsp;S L Semko,&nbsp;E O Stakhovsky","doi":"10.1155/2021/6674637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6674637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant targeted therapy (TT) in patients with localised clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A special randomised trial was planned and conducted by the Research Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Oncology in the National Cancer Institute of Ukraine for testing the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant TT in the treatment of clear-cell localised RCC, and the primary endpoint was tumour response evaluation after TT. The secondary endpoints included evaluation of dependence between the use of neoadjuvant TT and the probability of partial nephrectomy and the correlation between tumour size, stage, remaining functioning parenchyma volume, and response to systemic therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 118 patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to receive combined treatment or surgery alone. The percentage of tumour regression ranged from 0% to 60%, and the median was (95% confidence interval) 20.5 ± 14.3 (16.8-24.3%). Most of the patients had a slightly positive response to TT (3%-29% decrease in tumour size); <i>n</i> = 44 (76.9%) cases. Partial response by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, version 1.1, was observed in 14 (24.1%) patients and reached a maximum of 60% regression. Tumour reduction in the neoadjuvant TT group allowed kidney preservation in 53 (91.4%) patients. In the control group, the number of organ-sparing procedures was significantly lower (<i>n</i> = 20, 33.3%). The statistical difference was relevant (<i>x</i> ² = 42.1; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The positive results of neoadjuvant TT obtained in our study indicate the clinical validity of combined treatment in patients with localised RCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6674637"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8105117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38998710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Diagnostic Aspects of Bladder Bilharziomas in the Urology Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (HOGIP)","authors":"O. Gaye, M. Jalloh, N. M. Thiam, M. Ndoye, Khadidiatou Dansokho, Youssef Bellamine, S. Kouka, C. Dial, M. Mbodji, Ayun Kotokai Cassell III, I. Labou, L. Niang, S. Gueye","doi":"10.1155/2021/4536381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4536381","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The aim of our study is to assess the diagnostic aspects of bladder bilharzioma in the Urology Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (Senegal). Materials and Methods It is a descriptive study from January 2013 to December 2018. The patients included in the study were those who had anatomopathological examination of bladder biopsy that showed a schistosomiasis pseudotumor of the bladder. The variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, histology, and treatment. The data have been saved and analyzed by the 2013 Excel software. Results Thirteen patients were included in our study. The average age was 27 ± 12.1 years. Sex ratio was 1.6. The majority of the patients were from the northern part of Senegal. Hematuria was the main symptom for all the patients. Cystoscopy was performed for all the patients and showed 5 granulomas and 8 fibrocalcic polyps. A transurethral resection of the bladder was performed, and treatment with praziquantel (40 mg/kg of bodyweight) has been carried out. One patient presented precancerous lesions such as metaplasia and dysplasia of the bladder mucosa. After a median follow-up of 40 months (6–57 months), ten patients had a favorable clinical and endoscopic outcome. Conclusion Granulomas and fibrocalcic polyps of the bladder mucosa are, respectively, confused with squamous cell carcinoma and bladder lithiasis in endemic areas of schistosomiasis. Good cystoscopy interpretation can provide the diagnosis of bladder bilharzioma and start the treatment.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2021 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Vaginal Inlay for Reduction of Stress Urinary Incontinence: Outcome of a Randomized Clinical Trial and Four User Acceptance Studies.","authors":"Aino Fianu Jonasson,&nbsp;Karin Bryder,&nbsp;Elisabeth Sthengel","doi":"10.1155/2021/8822186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8822186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial and four postmarket user acceptance investigations were carried out to document the safety, performance, and user acceptance of Efemia Bladder Support, a novel vaginal inlay for the temporary reduction of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The clinical investigation enrolled 97 women diagnosed with SUI, randomized 3 : 1 to either treatment or standard care (control). The primary endpoint was reduction of urine leakage, measured as change in pad weight baseline week compared with treatment week. Secondary endpoints were treatment success, calculated as the percentage of subjects with >70% reduction in pad weight, reduction in incontinence episodes, and quality of life (QoL). 75 women (77%) completed the clinical investigation. No serious adverse events occurred. The treatment group reached a 55% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) mean reduction of total leakage compared to the control arm. A subanalysis, involving only leakage during provocation testing (coughing and jumping), showed a 67% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) mean reduction of leakage. No significant effect on QoL could be observed. 51% of the women answered \"yes\" to the question if they would use the device to reduce SUI. The user acceptance of the device was further investigated in four postmarket studies, using an improved device design with a slimmer centerpiece and a thinner handle, while keeping the effect achieving parts of the device unchanged. An average of 74% of the 102 participants in the postmarket studies reported that they were likely to continue using Efemia. The highest user satisfaction was seen in the two studies evaluating the use of Efemia during exercise, where 83% and 88% of the women were likely to continue using Efemia. It can be concluded that Efemia is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective alternative for reducing SUI, both in everyday life and during physical exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"8822186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7899758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25402432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Obstetric and Iatrogenic Urogenital Fistulas in Burkina Faso: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Fasnéwindé Aristide Kabore,&nbsp;Stéphanie Dominique Amida Nama,&nbsp;Boureima Ouedraogo,&nbsp;Moussa Kabore,&nbsp;Adama Ouattara,&nbsp;Brahima Kirakoya,&nbsp;Gilles Karsenty","doi":"10.1155/2021/8838146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8838146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of obstetric urogenital fistulas (OF) and iatrogenic urogenital fistulas (IF) treated in seven centers in Burkina Faso. <i>Material and Methods</i>. We carried out a cross-sectional study over a seven years' period (January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016). We considered as iatrogenic all urogenital fistulas (UGF) occurred after elective caesarean section, gynecologic surgery (hysterectomy, myomectomy, and prolapse repair), or induced abortion. UGF following vaginal delivery after prolonged labor without obstetric maneuvers or caesarean section were considered as obstetric. UGF caused by other mechanisms (emergency caesarian section, congenital, and traumatic) were excluded from this study. The statistical analysis was carried out using version 14 of the STATA software. A logistic regression model was used to compare the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>310 cases of UGF were included. IF accounted for 25.8% (<i>n</i> = 80) versus 74.2% (<i>n</i> = 230) for OF. The median age was 35 years for IF and 35.38 years for OF. The vesicovaginal fistulas were predominant (74.5%) in the two groups. All circumferential fistulas were found in the OF group. OF were frequently associated with residence in rural areas (OR = 1.8; CI = [1.05-3.1]), low level of education (OR = 5.4; CI = [2.3-12.9]), and a height under 158 cm (OR = 3.4 CI = [1.7-6.6]). Vaginal sclerosis was less common among IF (OR = 2.2; CI = [1-4.6]). The failure of surgical treatment after 3 months was more associated with OF (OR = 4.7; CI = [1.1-20.5]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OF were the most common, frequently affecting short women living in rural area and with low level of schooling. Fistulas were also more severe in the OF group. IF gave better results after surgical repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"8838146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7840248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25325160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors of Ureteral Stenosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Study in National Referral Hospital in Indonesia.","authors":"Gampo A Irdam,&nbsp;Bobby Sutojo,&nbsp;Putu A R Raharja","doi":"10.1155/2021/2410951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2410951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ureteral stenosis is one of the most common urological complications following kidney transplantations. It is occurred in 2-10% of patients and poses a significant problem to the patients as it may lead to permanent damage to renal damage. Identification of risk factors is important to prevent the incidence of ureteral stenosis. Thus, we aim to determine the risk factors of ureteral stenosis in the Indonesian population. This is a retrospective analysis of 487 kidney transplant patients performed in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between 2014 and 2018. We collected and compared donor and recipient demography data in recipients who developed ureteral stenosis and recipients who did not develop ureteral stenosis. Ureteral stenosis was defined as the presence of hydronephrosis from ultrasound and increased number of serum creatinine. The overall incidence of ureteral stenosis post-kidney transplantation in our center is 6.6% (32 from 487 patients) from January 2014 until June 2018. We found that older donor and recipient age more frequent in developing ureteral stenosis post-kidney transplantation (<i>p</i> < 0.001). We also found that donors with number of arteries more than 2 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and prolonged warm ischemic time (<i>p</i> < 0.05) are more frequently to develop ureteral stenosis post-kidney transplantation. There is no association between type II diabetes mellitus and hypertension with ureteral stenosis in this study. Donor age, recipient age, donor number of arteries more than 2, and prolonged warm ischemia time are associated with ureteral stenosis after kidney transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"2410951"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7822702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38873619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Technology-Driven Mobile Phone Applications (Apps) the New Currency for Digital Stent Registries and Patient Communication: Prospective Outcomes Using Urostentz App.","authors":"B M Zeeshan Hameed,&nbsp;Milap J Shah,&nbsp;Nithesh Naik,&nbsp;Mohan Amaresh,&nbsp;Padmaraj Hegde,&nbsp;Rahil Hussein Beary,&nbsp;Suraj Jayadeva,&nbsp;Bhaskar K Somani","doi":"10.1155/2021/6612371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6612371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Forgotten ureteral stents (FUS) and stent-related symptoms (SRS) lead to increased postprocedural emergency department visits and add to the psychological and financial burden of the patients.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review the usage and benefits of ureteral stent tracking and symptom monitoring through a single smartphone-based application (App) platform with 2-way clinician-patient communication. This study also compared the features with other smartphone apps used for stent tracking.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>100 patients were included in this single-center prospective study conducted between September 2019 and December 2019. Patients who had metallic or long-term indwelling stents, noncomprehensible patients, and those not willing to share their data were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 100 patients, 92 downloaded the Urostentz application, and 72 (78.2%) patients answered the pictorial symptom questionnaire. Symptom score analysis suggested that 62 patients (86.1%) had stent-related symptoms of which 3 required readmission and underwent early stent removal. The mean stent duration was 17.2 + 3.5 days (range: 11-23 days), with 69% of patients having their stent removed on the scheduled date and 25% of patients requesting a change of their appointment via the App.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, there was no case of FUS encountered. The \"Urostentz\" App is a freely available patient safety stent tracking application that provides a secure and simplified interface, which can significantly reduce the incidence of FUS and provide digital remote assistance in the management of stent-related symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6612371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7810523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38868634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Radiographic Imaging for Infant Hydronephrosis over the First 12 Months of Life.","authors":"Anthony J Schaeffer, Patrick C Cartwright, Glen A Lau, Mark D Ebert, Nora F Fino, Flory L Nkoy, Rachel Hess","doi":"10.1155/2020/2108362","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/2108362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The workup and surveillance strategies for infant hydronephrosis (HN) vary, although this could be due to grade-dependent differences in imaging intensity. We aimed to describe the frequency of imaging studies for HN within the first year of life, stratified by initial HN grade, within a large regional healthcare system. <i>Study Design and Data Source</i>. Retrospective cohort using Intermountain Healthcare Data Warehouse. Inclusion criteria: (1) birth between 1/1/2005 and 12/31/2013, (2) CPT code for HN, and (3) ultrasound (U/S) confirmed HN within four months of birth. <i>Data Collection</i>. Grade of HN on initial postnatal U/S; number of HN-associated radiologic studies (renal U/Ss, voiding cystourethrograms (VCUGs), and diuretic renal scans); demographic and medical variables. <i>Primary Outcome</i>. Sum of radiologic studies within the first year of life or prior to pyeloplasty. <i>Statistical Analysis</i>. Multivariate poisson regression to analyze association between the primary outcome and the initial HN grade.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,380 subjects (993 males and 387 females), 990 (72%), 230 (17%), and 160 (12%) had mild, moderate, and severe HN, respectively. Compared with those with mild HN, patients with moderate (RR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.42-1.73) and severe (RR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.88-2.32) HN had a significantly higher rate of imaging use over 12 months (or prior to surgery) after controlling for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a large regional healthcare system, imaging use for HN is proportional to its initial grade. This suggests that within our system, clinicians treating this condition are using a risk-stratified approach to imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2108362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2108362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10389260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic Bladder Ruptures: A Ten-Year Review at a Level 1 Trauma Center.","authors":"John Barnard, Tyler Overholt, Ali Hajiran, Chad Crigger, Morris Jessop, Jennifer Knight, Chad Morley","doi":"10.1155/2019/2614586","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/2614586","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bladder rupture occurs in only 1.6% of blunt abdominopelvic trauma cases. Although rare, bladder rupture can result in significant morbidity if undiagnosed or inappropriately managed. AUA Urotrauma Guidelines suggest that urethral catheter drainage is a standard of care for both extraperitoneal and intraperitoneal bladder rupture regardless of the need for surgical repair. However, no specific guidance is given regarding the length of catheterization. The present study seeks to summarize contemporary management of bladder trauma at our tertiary care center, assess the impact of length of catheterization on bladder injuries and complications, and develop a protocol for management of bladder injuries from time of injury to catheter removal. A retrospective review was performed on 34,413 blunt trauma cases to identify traumatic bladder ruptures over the past 10 years (January 2008-January 2018) at our tertiary care facility. Patient data were collected including age, gender, BMI, mechanism of injury, and type of injury. The primary treatment modality (surgical repair vs. catheter drainage only), length of catheterization, and post-injury complications were also assessed. Review of our institutional trauma database identified 44 patients with bladder trauma. Mean age was 41 years, mean BMI was 24.8 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, 95% were Caucasian, and 55% were female. Motor vehicle collision (MVC) was the most common mechanism, representing 45% of total injuries. Other mechanisms included falls (20%) and all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents (13.6%). 31 patients had extraperitoneal injury, and 13 were intraperitoneal. Pelvic fractures were present in 93%, and 39% had additional solid organ injuries. Formal cystogram was performed in 59% on presentation, and mean time to cystogram was 4 hours. Gross hematuria was noted in 95% of cases. Operative management was performed for all intraperitoneal injuries and 35.5% of extraperitoneal cases. Bladder closure in operative cases was typically performed in 2 layers with absorbable suture in a running fashion. The intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal injuries managed operatively were compared, and length of catheterization (28 d vs. 22 d, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.46), time from injury to normal fluorocystogram (19.8 d vs. 20.7 d, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.80), and time from injury to repair (4.3 vs. 60.5 h, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.23) were not statistically different between cohorts. Patients whose catheter remained in place for greater than 14 days had prolonged time to initial cystogram (26.6 d vs. 11.5 d) compared with those whose foley catheter was removed within 14 days. The complication rate was 21% for catheters left more than 14 days while patients whose catheter remained less than 14 days experienced no complications. The present study provides a 10-year retrospective review characterizing the presentation, management, and follow-up of bladder trauma patients at our level 1 trauma center. Based on our findings, we have developed an institutional proto","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2614586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6930775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37523580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrolithiasis and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study Evaluating Testosterone and Urinary Stone Metabolic Panels","authors":"Donald Fedrigon, Kareem Alazem, S. Sivalingam, M. Monga, Juan Calle","doi":"10.1155/2019/3679493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3679493","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Both elevated testosterone and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been speculated as possible risk factors for kidney stone formation; however, the details of this potential relationship with regards to 24-hour urine metabolic panels and stone composition have not previously been characterized. Methods A total of 74 PCOS patients were retrospectively identified and matched with a cohort of female stone formers at a 3 : 1 ratio (by age and BMI). All patients had 24-hour urinary metabolic panels and stone compositions. These groups were compared using Pearson chi-square and Student t-tests. Additionally, the PCOS group was differentiated based on free testosterone using multivariate analysis. Results The case-control cohort showed that PCOS patients had significantly lower sodium excretion (p=0.015) and hypernatriuria rates (28.9% vs 50.9%, p=0.009). The PCOS-testosterone cohort demonstrated that high testosterone patients had significantly higher citrate values (p=0.041) and significantly lower odds of hypocitraturia (36.7% vs 54.2%, OR = 0.2, p=0.042). The high testosterone group also had higher sodium excretion (p=0.058) with significantly higher odds of having hypernatriuria (40.0% vs 13.6%, OR = 13.3, p=0.021). No significant patterns were revealed based on stone composition analysis. Conclusions Compared to healthy stone formers, PCOS patients did not demonstrate significant differences in 24-hour urine and stone composition values. Elevated free testosterone in PCOS patients has a significant association with higher urinary citrate and sodium values: findings that in and of themselves do not confirm the hypothesized increased risk of stone formation. This patient cohort may provide deeper insight into the interplay between androgens and stone formation; however, further study is needed to fully characterize the possible relationship between PCOS and stone formation.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2019 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/3679493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42381711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Regulatory Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Associated with VHL-HIF Axis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Wuping Yang, Zhi Li, B. Hong, Y. Gong, K. Gong","doi":"10.1155/2019/2967183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2967183","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for up to 85% to 90% of all kidney cancers. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC), the major subtype of RCC, is mainly characterized by the inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene VHL. pVHL as an E3 ubiquitin ligase targets the hydroxylated form of HIF-α for proteasomal degradation. The loss of VHL function leads to HIF-α aggregation as the main mechanism of ccRCC. Recently, the regulations of ccRCC through other E3 ubiquitin ligases are emerging. Moreover, most of them are associated with the VHL-HIF axis. In this review, we mainly focus on seven E3 ubiquitin ligases JADE1, SIAH1, CHIP, FBXW7, MDM2, SPOP, and HAF. Based on reported researches of these ligases on ccRCC, they are divided into two groups: JADE1, SIAH1, CHIP, and FBXW7 that negatively regulate the growth of ccRCC; MDM2, SPOP, and HAF that promote ccRCC progression. In addition, we further verify these possible links between these E3 ligases and VHL-HIF axis in ccRCC based on The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq and Clinical data. Understanding the mechanisms by which these ligases regulate ccRCC, especially the interplay between these ligases and VHL-HIF axis may enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches for ccRCC. Overall, the present review reveals the potential mechanism by which seven ligases (JADE1, SIAH1, CHIP, FBXW7, MDM2, SPOP, and HAF) regulate ccRCC progression in detail, especially their relationship to VHL-HIF axis.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48978826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}