{"title":"Maternity Experiences and Perceptions of Emergency Medicine Physicians.","authors":"Lindsey McDonald, Zachary Illg, Agata Dow, Satheesh Gunaga","doi":"10.51894/001c.22009","DOIUrl":"10.51894/001c.22009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Postpartum employment has been recognized as a significant obstacle to breastfeeding continuation rates in the general population. Multiple additional factors can influence emergency medicine (EM) physician mothers' ability to continue breastfeeding upon return to work. These include the unpredictable nature of emergency room volumes and acuity, absence of protected lactation time or facilities, and varying levels of support from colleagues. This study investigated a sample of female EM physicians' current perceptions and experiences regarding breastfeeding practices and identified modifiable work-place factors affecting their decision to wean. The authors hypothesized that EM physician mothers would have excellent breastfeeding initiation rates but be largely unable to maintain breastfeeding practices upon returning to work.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 34-item survey questionnaire evaluated demographics, perceptions, and experiences with breastfeeding with a convenience sample of EM attending and resident physicians from two Michigan academic community hospitals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine surveys were completed, representing a participant response rate of 88.6%. Breastfeeding had been initiated by all respondent mothers, all of whom returned to full-time employment after delivery. Upon return to work, 15 (75%) respondents continued to exclusively breastfeed. The goal of participants was to breastfeed for an average of 7.1 months (± 4.1 months), although the average duration children were exclusively breastfed was 5.8 months (± 4.0 months).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on these results, the reasons for decreased breastfeeding after return to work in an EM residency program setting are multifactorial and include some modifiable interpersonal and institutional influences. These findings support the implementation of work-place strategies and policies to promote successful breastfeeding practices among EM resident and attending physician mothers returning to work.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"22009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8043905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38806906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiological Findings of COVID-19 Patients in Italy.","authors":"Zachary Brennan, Samantha Guerra, Susan Seman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The emergence of COVID-19/SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) was an outbreak that began in December 2019 and rose to pandemic levels in 2020. One of the largest problems with COVID-19 is the typical delay in testing and diagnosis that can lead to additional transmission of the disease. Under consultation with a board-certified radiologist, the study team evaluated the common radiological findings of COVID-19 on computed tomography (CT) and compared the efficacy of chest radiographs (i.e., x-rays) to CT in diagnosing COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2020, the authors completed a retrospective review of radiologic imaging data (i.e., the original imaging report notes) from Italy performed on 47 patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 in Italy during the national outbreak from February to March 2020. Radiologic images were obtained from Società Italiana di Radiologia Medica e Interventistica radiological database of COVID-19 patients. Each case was analyzed for whether they had positive findings on either chest radiograph or CT or both among patients who had positive COVID-19 test results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The authors found significant radiological finding similarities among the 47 COVID-19 positive case studies from Italy during the February to March 2020 time period. Ground glass opacities and crazy paving were the most significant findings, resembling the findings in China and other Coronavirus strains. The authors' statistical analyses indicated that CT scans were more reliable by 30.7% than chest radiographs in identifying signs of COVID-19. In cases where either an initial negative swab for COVID-19 or providers lacked patient social histories, chest radiographs were used to show clinical findings consistent with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on these results, chest radiographs appear to be a consistent method to assist in the diagnosis of most COVID-19 cases. The authors discuss several scenarios in community-based and non-hospital US settings for COVID-19 diagnostic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"5 2","pages":"14505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41184464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josiah Valk, Brittany Valk, Matthew Caid, Alexander Colen, Richard Singer
{"title":"Ray Resection for Recurrent Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Josiah Valk, Brittany Valk, Matthew Caid, Alexander Colen, Richard Singer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common tumor of the hand. This malignancy requires unique treatment considerations; the surgeon and patient must balance retention of maximal functional capacity of the hand and minimization of the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Digital-sparing and digital-sacrificing therapies should be considered. Chance for cure, recurrence and metastasis risk, cosmetic concerns, and functional concerns should be addressed on a case-by-case basis. We report a case of a fifty-three-year-old man with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of his non-dominant hand. Ulceration and rapid growth of a long-standing lesion of the dorsal hand prompted evaluation and treatment. Over the course of a year, three separate surgeries including digital amputations and metacarpal resections were required to manage this recurrent and invasive malignancy. Seven years post-operatively, our patient retained a full, painless range of motion arc of the left thumb and ability to grip utilizing a functional brace. Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the hand is not always straightforward. High rates of local recurrence require negative margins and diligent postoperative surveillance. Digital sparing therapy should be considered to minimize functional impairment and maximize cosmesis. However, aggressive treatment and amputation must be considered for advanced disease and if pursued, should focus on maximization of functional capacity as one of the treatment goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"5 2","pages":"14612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41184465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haroutioun Boyajian, Vanessa Majeski, Alicia Flores, David Sturtz, Fadi Baidoun, Mohammed Dughayli
{"title":"Clinicopathological and Perioperative Outcome of Appendiceal Tumors: Case Review of 31 Patients.","authors":"Haroutioun Boyajian, Vanessa Majeski, Alicia Flores, David Sturtz, Fadi Baidoun, Mohammed Dughayli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neoplasms of the appendix are quite rare and found in approximately 1% of appendectomy specimens. These neoplasms have been pathologically categorized into various subgroups depending on cell of origin, and surgical treatment varies according to histological subtype and disease stage.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this case series review was to evaluate the clinicopathological presentation and survival outcome of a sample of patients with appendiceal tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Before data collection, this project design was approved by the authors' institutional review board. Pathology records at our institution were reviewed for cases of appendiceal tumors from January 2007 to December 2016. A total of 31 patients were identified over this 10-year period. Retrospective data collection included patient demographics, presenting symptoms, tumor size, histologic diagnosis, initial and secondary management, perioperative and postoperative outcome, and survival benefits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty one patients with four different appendiceal tumor subtypes were included in the study: Mucinous Cystadenoma, Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Goblet Cell, and Carcinoid. The sample was comprised of 17 women (54.8%) and 14 men (45.2%) with an overall mean age of 50.1 (SD = 22.3). Subgroups of 13 (42%) patients had Carcinoid tumor, 12 (39%) had Mucinous Cystadenoma, four (13%) had Goblet cell tumor, and two (6%) had Mucinous Adenocarcinoma. The stage at presentation and tumor size also varied by histologic subtype. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (64.5%), followed by a radiological identified mass (12.9%). Overall, 27 (87.1%) patients survived, and four (12.9%) were deceased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings from this case series review provides a retrospective analysis of appendiceal tumor characteristics, follow up, and survival. Based on these results, the prognosis and management of patients with these tumors should be based on the histologic subtype and the extent of their disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"5 2","pages":"13487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25430840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-Specialty Care for Second-Degree Pressure Cooker Explosion Burn Injuries.","authors":"Casey Schukow, Billy R Nordyke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Although pressure cookers are very common kitchen utensils used in the United States, only a few cases of serious injuries secondary to pressure cooker explosions have been reported in the medical literature. When second-degree (i.e., \"partial-thickness\") burns result from pressure cooker explosions, wounds involving near to or greater than 10% of total body surface area typically require multidisciplinary treatment, with burn center referral for proper wound care, potential fluid resuscitation, and eventual scar management.</p><p><strong>Example case: </strong>The example patient described in this report was an African American female in her early 30s who presented during the summer of 2020 after suffering varying levels of second-degree burns to her bilateral upper torso and left wrist (i.e., approximately 10%, total body surface area). The authors first saw the patient during a primary care office visit a week after her initial injury when she first went to a local urgent care clinic. Upon her arrival to the second author's family medicine clinic, a multi-specialty wound recovery plan was initiated since her first urgent care visit treatment had been minimal without prophylactic antibiotic therapy or placement of a burn center referral.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Partial and full-thickness burn injuries generally warrant immediate clinical (i.e., body surface area burn assessment, fluid resuscitation, empiric antibiotics) as well as ongoing (burn center referral, debridement procedures, active scar management, provision of psychological support) treatment needs. This paper discusses the critical opportunities posed for more extensive burn patients' physicians to first categorize the extent of burn wounds and initiate subsequent specialty care in other settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"5 2","pages":"17738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25431776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Peritraumatic Ketamine Reduce Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?","authors":"Jack Brodeur, Ryley Mancine, A. Ley, J. Magen","doi":"10.51894/001c.17647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51894/001c.17647","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are chronic diseases which can affect patients following a severe trauma. As these patients typically first present to the emergency department, it is critical for emergency physicians to remain updated on the use of ketamine or other anesthetic agents which may impede development or reduce symptoms which may impair normal functioning. The purpose of this clinical review was is to review the literature regarding how the use of peritraumatic ketamine could decrease the incidence of ASD and PTSD. In 2019, the authors completed a MEDLINE search was performed yielding 25 articles which were initially evaluated by the first and second authors. Four articles which met inclusion criteria are discussed in this manuscript. SUMMARY of EVIDENCE Although two earlier research groups have found that peritraumatic ketamine administration contributed to increased symptoms of PTSD (e g., reexperiencing, dissociation, avoidance, and hyperarousal), two later studies have indicated that ketamine had no effect on PTSD development. Additionally, one 2012 study group has suggested propofol use may alleviate PTSD symptoms at six months post-trauma. Another 2017 study team found that the number of surgical procedures was directly correlated with increased PTSD development. CONCLUSIONS Based on the literature to date, peritraumatic ketamine does not appear to influence the prevention nor development of ASD and subsequent PTSD. More research is needed to clarify the psychopharmacologic effects of ketamine when used in the management of reactions to acute trauma experiences. Based on the results of the two later works, future research is indicated considering whether propofol may contribute to PTSD development.","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42717715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akhlema Haidar, A. Davies, Afzal Hussain, Samuel Gregerson, Dheeraj Thammineni, J. Markus
{"title":"Wilkie’s Weight Loss Wonder: A Case Series","authors":"Akhlema Haidar, A. Davies, Afzal Hussain, Samuel Gregerson, Dheeraj Thammineni, J. Markus","doi":"10.51894/001c.13485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51894/001c.13485","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Wilkie’s Syndrome, also known as Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS), is a rare cause of bowel obstruction that can contribute to vague abdominal symptoms on clinical presentation. This syndrome occurs when the aortomesenteric angle decreases, compressing the third portion of the duodenum between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. An acute decrease in the mesenteric fat pad cushion between these two blood vessels is the primary etiology, although other causes (e.g., anatomical, postoperative, functional, and pubescent etiologies) have also been described. CASE PRESENTATION In the present cases, 2 females with a common history of recent weight loss presented to our institution with similar symptoms of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Each patient was subsequently diagnosed with SMAS following imaging studies. Both patients experienced successful resolution of symptoms with conservative nutritional management. DISCUSSION Common presenting complaints of SMAS include nausea, vomiting, early satiety and postprandial pain. These symptoms overlap with other gastrointestinal disorders (i.e., mesenteric ischemia, intestinal volvulus, peptic ulcer disease) making diagnosis difficult. SMAS can be identified through imaging modalities including barium studies and computer tomography. First line therapies typically include conservative nutritional support and promotion of weight gain. If conservative therapies fail, various surgical procedures can be pursued. Delayed diagnosis can lead to further pathological sequelae, including duodenal compromise, ischemia and necrosis. As the syndrome progresses, success of conservative nutritional support is less likely, and surgical correction becomes increasingly necessary. CONCLUSION Therefore, a clinical goal for SMAS should include as swift a recognition and diagnosis as possible.","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiological Findings of COVID-19 Patients in Italy","authors":"Zachary Brennan, Samantha Guerra, S. Seman","doi":"10.51894/001c.14505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51894/001c.14505","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT The emergence of COVID-19/SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) was an outbreak that began in December 2019 and rose to pandemic levels in 2020. One of the largest problems with COVID-19 is the typical delay in testing and diagnosis that can lead to additional transmission of the disease. Under consultation with a board-certified radiologist, the study team evaluated the common radiological findings of COVID-19 on computed tomography (CT) and compared the efficacy of chest radiographs (i.e., x-rays) to CT in diagnosing COVID-19. METHODS In 2020, the authors completed a retrospective review of radiologic imaging data (i.e., the original imaging report notes) from Italy performed on 47 patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 in Italy during the national outbreak from February to March 2020. Radiologic images were obtained from Società Italiana di Radiologia Medica e Interventistica radiological database of COVID-19 patients. Each case was analyzed for whether they had positive findings on either chest radiograph or CT or both among patients who had positive COVID-19 test results. RESULTS The authors found significant radiological finding similarities among the 47 COVID-19 positive case studies from Italy during the February to March 2020 time period. Ground glass opacities and crazy paving were the most significant findings, resembling the findings in China and other Coronavirus strains. The authors’ statistical analyses indicated that CT scans were more reliable by 30.7% than chest radiographs in identifying signs of COVID-19. In cases where either an initial negative swab for COVID-19 or providers lacked patient social histories, chest radiographs were used to show clinical findings consistent with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, chest radiographs appear to be a consistent method to assist in the diagnosis of most COVID-19 cases. The authors discuss several scenarios in community-based and non-hospital US settings for COVID-19 diagnostic processes.","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josiah Valk, B. Valk, Matthew Caid, Alexander J Colen, R. Singer
{"title":"Ray Resection for Recurrent Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report","authors":"Josiah Valk, B. Valk, Matthew Caid, Alexander J Colen, R. Singer","doi":"10.51894/001c.14612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51894/001c.14612","url":null,"abstract":"Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common tumor of the hand. This malignancy requires unique treatment considerations; the surgeon and patient must balance retention of maximal functional capacity of the hand and minimization of the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Digital-sparing and digital-sacrificing therapies should be considered. Chance for cure, recurrence and metastasis risk, cosmetic concerns, and functional concerns should be addressed on a case-by-case basis. We report a case of a fifty-three-year-old man with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of his non-dominant hand. Ulceration and rapid growth of a long-standing lesion of the dorsal hand prompted evaluation and treatment. Over the course of a year, three separate surgeries including digital amputations and metacarpal resections were required to manage this recurrent and invasive malignancy. Seven years post-operatively, our patient retained a full, painless range of motion arc of the left thumb and ability to grip utilizing a functional brace. Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the hand is not always straightforward. High rates of local recurrence require negative margins and diligent postoperative surveillance. Digital sparing therapy should be considered to minimize functional impairment and maximize cosmesis. However, aggressive treatment and amputation must be considered for advanced disease and if pursued, should focus on maximization of functional capacity as one of the treatment goals.","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47489048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of a COVID-influenced Curriculum to Address Food Insecurity in a Detroit Family Medicine Residency Clinic.","authors":"Amrien Ghouse, William Gunther, Matthew Sebastian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>To date, numerous projects have demonstrated that an ongoing limited access to nutritionally dense food (i.e., \"food insecurity\") plays a key role in the overall health and wellbeing of lower income at-risk populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this 2019-2020 pilot project, the resident physician authors first created and administered a simple five-item questionnaire screening process to systematically identify food insecure patients in their metropolitan Detroit residency clinic. A sample of patients who had been identified as food insecure and pre-diabetic were then provided improved access to healthy foods, supplemented by a six-week program of nutritional education classes using a nationally recognized \"Cooking Matters'' six-week long curriculum with a licensed chef and nutrition educator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After institutional review board approval, the authors enrolled a sample of 10 adults. The authors successfully measured both pre- and post-program Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) levels for all participants who completed the required course and subsequent clinic follow up visits. Using a series of initial non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank matched pair tests, post-program follow-up at three months revealed statistically significant reductions in documented HbA1c levels from baseline for six enrolled patients (W=1, Z = - 2.226, p = 0.026) and six-month follow up (i.e., more than four months after completion of the program) (W = 1, Z = - 2.060, p = 0.039). In post-program surveys, each respondent indicated that they found the class content to be generally beneficial to increase their nutritional knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the authors' setting, this food insecurity program has subsequently led to a more formal screening process to evaluate and identify food insecure patients. The authors discuss the scheduling difficulties they experienced from the COVID-19 pandemic for their sample patients. However, these pilot results suggest that prolonged benefits may require ongoing \"virtual\" teaching sessions with pre-diabetic patients to address the complex factors influencing food insecurity levels identified in similar inner-city settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"5 2","pages":"17649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25431775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}