Spartan medical research journal最新文献

{"title":"Peer-to-Peer Case Review as a Strategy to Improve Sepsis Education in Graduate Medical Education.","authors":"Obert Xu, Bryanna De Lima, Kenneth DeVane, David Jones, Mohamud Daya, Christopher Greenlee, Andrew Terrell, Scott Sherry, Haley Manella","doi":"10.51894/001c.159860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51894/001c.159860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We conducted an educational intervention using a peer-to-peer case review process to improve emergency medicine (EM) resident sepsis knowledge and diagnostic confidence. Local quality audits in our academic emergency department (ED) identified poor compliance in addressing adult cases of severe sepsis and septic shock, suggesting an educational gap. We evaluated whether a facilitated, peer-to-peer case review process improved EM resident sepsis knowledge and diagnostic confidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-site, pre-test/post-test educational QI evaluation among senior EM residents. Using routinely audited severe sepsis and septic shock cases that did not meet bundle expectations, residents completed brief, asynchronous peer case reviews with a standardized checklist and provided structured written feedback to the original care teams. Educational impact was evaluated at Kirkpatrick Level 2 (learning) using paired pre-post assessments: a 12-item single-best-answer knowledge test and a 4-point self-reported diagnostic confidence survey. Paired pre/post knowledge scores were compared with the Wilcoxon signed rank test; confidence was summarized descriptively. The institutional review board determined this not human research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean knowledge accuracy improved from 70% (8.36/12) to 85% (10.14/12), an increase of 14.9 percentage points (p = 0.003). The proportion scoring in the 76-100% band increased by 29%, and the number of scores over 90% increased by 53%. Confidence increased for sepsis (71.4% to 78.6%) and remained constant for severe sepsis at 78.6% but decreased for septic shock (92.9% to 85.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A resident-led, asynchronous peer case review process was associated with significantly improved sepsis knowledge and minimal gains in diagnostic confidence for sepsis and severe sepsis. This low-resource approach is feasible for unit-level implementation and may be adaptable to other time-sensitive conditions with complex bundle requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Contact Screening to Preventive Treatment Provision; Progress and Bottlenecks in High Tuberculosis Burden Settings.","authors":"Sobia Faisal, Sana Durvesh, Hassan Mahmood, Syed AzizurRab, Khalid Farough, Raja Farrukh, Furqan Irfan","doi":"10.51894/001c.160047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51894/001c.160047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) remains poorly utilized (5.4%) among eligible household contacts in Pakistan despite programmatic expansion. A critical programmatic knowledge gap exists regarding the magnitude and distribution of pre-initiation attrition among household (HH) contacts, including which stages of the care cascade and health facility types at which losses occur in Pakistan. This study aimed to quantify attrition of HH contacts of bacteriologically positive (B-pos) TB patients before TPT initiation at different stages of the care cascade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort evaluated programmatic TB data from HH contacts of B-pos pulmonary TB patients managed through Public-Private Mix (PPM) facilities in 28 districts of Pakistan from January-July 2025. Contacts were verbally screened, assessed using chest radiography to exclude TB disease, and eligible individuals were offered TPT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 20,290 index TB patients, 77,771 HH contacts were identified. Of all identified HH contacts, 55% (42,410/77,771) underwent verbal screening. Among those screened, 32% (13,395/42,410) proceeded to chest X-ray screening and 98% (13,145/13,395) started TPT. Around 4% (1,505) were identified as presumptive TB cases and 52% (792/1,505) were diagnosed with TB. Substantial pre-treatment attrition occurred at two critical stages: 45% prior to verbal screening and 63% prior to X-ray screening. Children aged 0-4 years had the lowest TPT initiation (13.1%), despite being a high-risk group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Substantial losses before TPT initiation occur during contact screening and disease exclusion stages, indicating programmatic challenges requiring targeted operational strategies. Only 16.9% of household contacts completed the care cascade, highlighting a major missed opportunity for TB prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Clinical Insight, Medical Education, and Global Health: A Synthesis of Evidence-Based Research and Interdisciplinary Innovation.","authors":"Francis Akenami, Rana Ismail, Andrea Amalfitano","doi":"10.51894/001c.160082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51894/001c.160082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Diagnostic Workup of Vertigo: A Multidisciplinary Review.","authors":"Vivek Patil, Suhas B Nagappala, Ananya Murali, Kristof Pusztai, Jithin John, Lauren Ghannam, Abigail Entz, Andrew Ross","doi":"10.51894/001c.158361","DOIUrl":"10.51894/001c.158361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Clinical (Narrative) Review addresses potential improvements to the diagnostic workup of vertigo. Despite substantial healthcare expenditures, diagnostic accuracy for vertigo remains suboptimal, and many patients undergo extensive testing without timely identification of the underlying cause. The available literature, with a focus on articles published after 2015, was narratively reviewed for novel risk stratification metrics, clinical pathways, questionnaires, and technological tools that have been developed and studied for improving the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of vertigo. Recent developments in the workup of vertigo are diverse and show potential for accurately stratifying patients by peripheral versus central etiology. As with any new clinical tools, there are barriers when it comes to implementing them into an emergency or primary care setting. AI/ML-based models are promising; however, further study is needed. These tools may support improved efficiency of the evaluation and management of patients who present with vertigo.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12965743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Outcome of Uncemented (Hydroxyapatite Coated) Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in Fracture Neck of Femur in Elderly.","authors":"Dhananjay Sahoo, Suman Sourav Mishra, Anuraag Mohanty, Nikhilesh Das","doi":"10.51894/001c.157517","DOIUrl":"10.51894/001c.157517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Femoral neck fractures in the elderly are associated with high morbidity and reduced mobility. Uncemented hydroxyapatite-coated bipolar hemiarthroplasty is increasingly used to avoid cement-related complications. This study evaluated postoperative functional outcomes using the Harris Hip Score (HHS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted on 38 elderly patients (≥65 years) with displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures who underwent uncemented hydroxyapatite-coated bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Functional outcome was assessed using the Harris Hip Score at nine months. Descriptive statistics (mean ± SD) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean Harris Hip Score at nine months was 88.4 ± 9.2. Outcomes were classified as excellent in 25 patients (66%), good in 7 (18%), fair in 4 (10%), and poor in 2 (5%). Most patients regained independent ambulation with minimal complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Uncemented hydroxyapatite-coated bipolar hemiarthroplasty provides satisfactory early functional outcomes in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, with high HHS scores and low complication rates over nine months.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12906354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Clinical Treatments and Outcomes of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Shon Thomas, Kushagra Sharma, Nick Hadji, Monique Luna, Freddie Hildreth, Michael Burton","doi":"10.51894/001c.156350","DOIUrl":"10.51894/001c.156350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that is bidirectionally associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), where OSA increases the risk of AF onset and recurrence, while AF may exacerbate OSA symptoms through hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms. Both conditions pose significant global public health concerns and increase cardiovascular risk. However, the effect of OSA on AF management strategy and outcome has not been explored previously. The purpose of our study was to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with AF and OSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study included 130 patients over the age of 18 with AF, of which 100 patients were diagnosed with OSA. We evaluated multiple clinical outcomes including comorbidities, treatment strategies, vitals, end organ function, and mortality from June, 2021 to November, 2023 through retrospective chart review. Data was analyzed using chi-square, fisher's exact test and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results were significant for a predominance in rate control management strategy (12% rhythm control vs 75% rate control) used in AF with OSA and predominance in rhythm control management strategy (88.9% rhythm control vs 3.7% rate control) used in AF without OSA (p=0.0279). Evaluating mortality in patients with both AF and OSA, COPD (54.6% mortality) and CHF (78.8%) were associated with significantly higher mortality (p<0.0001). There was no significant mortality benefit between rate versus rhythm strategy overall in any patient with AF (OR 0.49, CI 0.153-1.570, p-value =0.229).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While rate and rhythm control strategies are used interchangeably in managing AF, our study emphasizes a role of OSA in determining rate versus rhythm management strategy for AF treatment. Thus, the presence or absence of underlying OSA may be used as a clinical decision-making factor in managing AF.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteopathic Otolaryngology Residency Match Trends: Impact of the ACGME Single Accreditation System (2010-2024).","authors":"Luke Reardon, Brandon Knight, Olga J Santiago-Rivera, Carl Shermetaro","doi":"10.51894/001c.154562","DOIUrl":"10.51894/001c.154562","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The 2020 merger creating the Single Accreditation System (SAS) unified the graduate medical education accreditation process under the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Prior to this merger, osteopathic (DO) and allopathic (MD) residency pathways were separate, particularly limiting osteopathic representation in competitive specialties such as otolaryngology. The impact of the SAS merger on osteopathic applicants matching into otolaryngology residencies has not been quantitatively evaluated. The objective was to evaluate osteopathic applicant trends in otolaryngology residency matches across three distinct periods: pre-merger (2010-2014), transition (2015-2019), and post-merger (2020-2024), surrounding the implementation of the ACGME Single Accreditation System.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing publicly available residency match data from the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), National Matching Services (NMS), Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), and Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA). Annual match outcomes were analyzed across three distinct periods: pre-merger (2010-2014), transition (2015-2019), and post-merger (2020-2024). Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation (α = 0.05) were used to evaluate match trends, including the association between calendar year and the number of osteopathic senior matches into ACGME otolaryngology residency programs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Prior to the merger, during the 2010-2014 period, osteopathic seniors rarely matched into ACGME otolaryngology residencies (average &lt;1 per year), predominantly utilizing the AOA-specific match system (NMS) averaging 22 matches annually. During the transition period, (2015-2019), osteopathic matches slightly increased to an average of four per year. During and following the full implementation of the SAS (2020-2024), osteopathic matches significantly increased from 17 in 2020 to 26 in 2024 (53% increase, p=0.013). Spearman's rank correlation indicated a strong positive association between year and number of osteopathic matches (ρ=0.915, p&lt;0.001). Allopathic match numbers remained stable (p=0.215), indicating no negative impact on MD candidates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The ACGME Single Accreditation System merger was associated with a substantial increase in osteopathic match outcomes in otolaryngology residency programs without an observable decline in allopathic match outcomes. These findings suggest the unified accreditation system expanded access and opportunities for osteopathic medical graduates. These findings have important implications for osteopathic applicant access, match equity, and ongoing GME policy discussions. Future research should investigate specific applicant characteristics influencing match success and program directors' selection criteria post-merger.&lt;/","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12718519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive Characteristics of Undergraduate Research Associate Programs in the United States: Findings from a National Registry.","authors":"Daniel C Keyes, Dylan Arroyo, Ghadah W Abdulshafi, John Carzon, Margaret Beyer, Margaret Beyer, Blake Hardin, Hiba Samaha, Howard Klausner","doi":"10.51894/001c.146562","DOIUrl":"10.51894/001c.146562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>University undergraduate students often seek opportunities to gain exposure to clinical research. Physician residency training programs must engage in scholarly activities and publish their findings. \"Research associate programs\" (RAPs) can aid with Graduate Medical Education (GME) research. This is the first collective description of these US programs, using data from the Registry of American Research Associates Programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The American Research Associates Program Registry (ARAPR) was started in 2014 and developed through Medline, direct familiarity, comprehensive online search, and chain-referral sampling. Data fields were selected based on a literature review and an expert panel, and included leadership, funding, research types, training, associates' activities, university affiliation, and the selection process. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses were from 40 of 50 RAPs (80.0%) with a mean of 24 undergraduate associates (SD = 16, range 5-70) in each program. Associates worked on investigator-initiated projects (34/40, 85.0%), prospective research (35/40, 87.5%), retrospective reviews (25/40, 62.5%), and informed consent (38/40, 95.0%). Some also involved associates with data abstraction, protocol development, abstract writing, manuscript preparation, and quality improvement. Most required college course enrollment (25/40, 62.5%). Training included patient confidentiality (HIPAA) and research ethics (39/40, 97.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This survey provides the first collective descriptive insight into the structures, training, and activities of RAPs. These findings serve as a foundation for institutions considering establishing such programs and highlight the need for future research on measurable outcomes such as student trajectories, publication rates, and program impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12619683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145544181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts From the Third Annual Research Day Hosted by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Novi, Michigan, May 13, 2025.","authors":"Francis O Akenami, Rana Ismail, C Patricia Obando S, Andrea Amalfitano","doi":"10.51894/001c.144847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51894/001c.144847","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 2","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Research, Education, and Clinical Practice: Insights from Evidence-Based Care and Interdisciplinary Scholarship.","authors":"Francis O Akenami, Rana Ismail, Andrea Amalfitano","doi":"10.51894/001c.144376","DOIUrl":"10.51894/001c.144376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74853,"journal":{"name":"Spartan medical research journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}