SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases最新文献

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Manifestations, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Adult and Pediatric Patients.","authors":"T. Russo, A. Pizuorno, G. Oskrochi, G. Latella, S. Massironi, M. Schettino, A. Aghemo, N. Pugliese, H. Brim, H. Ashktorab","doi":"10.15226/sojmid/8/1/001109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/sojmid/8/1/001109","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Italy was the first country in Europe to report a SARS-CoV-2 case. Since then, the country has suffered a large number of COVID-19 infections both in adults and children. This disease has been shown to lead to different outcomes in these two groups, which often present varying symptoms and comorbidities.\u0000\u0000\u0000Aim\u0000Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the symptoms, comorbidities and laboratory values in adults and children.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000We present the characteristics of 1,324 adults and 563 pediatric COVID-19 Italian patients. The data was retrieved from studies published in Italy and found via PubMed and Google Scholar.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The virus appeared to affect adults more than children and men more than women, and to result in more severe outcomes in patients with abnormal laboratory values and a higher number of comorbidities. Adults are at higher risk for complications and death, and they usually present with fever, respiratory symptoms, cough, fatigue, diarrhea, myalgia, and/or loss of taste, smell, or appetite. Children usually have a milder disease progression and usually present with fever, cough, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, sore throat, pneumonia, GI symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain), fatigue, and dyspnea.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Our findings support early reports that showed that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with more common asymptomatic cases and milder clinical outcome in children than in adults. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (systemic vasculitis) are the most severe disease progressions for adults and children, respectively.","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":"8 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41375531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 and Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Indian Patients: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Lakshmi Gayathri Chirumamilla,&nbsp;Hassan Brim,&nbsp;Antonio Pizuorno,&nbsp;Gholamreza Oskrochi,&nbsp;Hassan Ashktorab","doi":"10.15226/sojmid/8/1/001107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/sojmid/8/1/001107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India has the second highest number of confirmed Coronavirus cases in the world after the USA with 29.3 million cases reported so far. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with special emphasis on Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this meta-analysis, we conducted a systematic review of high-quality articles on confirmed COVID-19 cases in India published in PubMed and Google Scholar between February 2020 and March 2021. Statistical descriptive analysis and correlation analyses of symptoms, comorbidities and outcomes were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 46.16 years. Of these, 67.53% were males. Overall, 6.4% patients died. Cough (37.79%) was the most common presenting symptom followed by fever (35.5%), nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea (23.60%) but, these symptoms were unrelated to outcome. Patients with shortness of breath (<i>r</i> = 0.69, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and fatigue/weakness (<i>r = 0.95, p = 0.04</i>) had high mortality. Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus were the most common comorbidities but were not associated with negative outcome. Preexisting chronic kidney disease (<i>r = 0.80, p = 0.01</i>), mechanical ventilation (<i>r = 0.895, p = 0.003</i>) and ICU admission (<i>r</i> = 0.845, <i>p</i> = 0.008) correlated with poor outcome. GI symptoms were reported in 12.05% of the patients. Nausea and vomiting were the most prevalent GI symptoms, but diarrhea (<i>r = 0.95, p = 0.004</i>) was associated with significant mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, COVID-19 patients in India present with cough, fever, shortness of breath and fatigue as the main symptoms. Among GI symptoms, diarrhea was associated with fatal outcomes. However, more high-quality studies are needed for better understanding of the GI manifestations and their outcomes in the Indian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9416913/pdf/nihms-1775441.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33443441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of COVID-19 in Latin America.","authors":"Hassan Ashktorab,&nbsp;Antonio Pizuorno,&nbsp;Nora A Fierro,&nbsp;Edgar D Copado Villagrana,&nbsp;Maria E Herrera Solis,&nbsp;Graciela Cardenas,&nbsp;Daniela Zavala Alvarez,&nbsp;Gholamreza Oskrochi,&nbsp;Folake Adeleye,&nbsp;Maryam Mehdipour Dalivand,&nbsp;Adeyinka O Laiyemo,&nbsp;Farshad Aduli,&nbsp;Zaki A Sherif,&nbsp;Hassan Brim","doi":"10.15226/sojmid/8/1/001108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/sojmid/8/1/001108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Latin America has become the epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aim to perform a systematic comparative review of the clinical characteristics that are associated with this disease in Latin American countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review of published articles, journal and/or epidemiological reports of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Latin America. Data were obtained either through publicly available information from Ministries of Health, published journal reports and/or unpublished datasets. We analyzed data from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients evaluated at healthcare centers and hospitals of 8 countries including Brazil, Peru, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia, between March 1^st and July 30^th, 2020. These countries consist of a total population that exceeds 519 million. Demographics, comorbidities, and clinical symptoms were collected. Statistical descriptive analysis and correlation analyses of symptoms, comorbidities and mortality were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 728,282 COVID-19 patients were included in this study. Of these, 52.6% were female. The average age was 48.4 years. Peru had the oldest cohort with 56.8 years and highest rate of females (56.8%) while Chile had the youngest cohort (39 years old). Venezuela had the highest male prevalence (56.7%). Most common symptoms were cough with 60.1% (Bolivia had the highest rate 78%), fatigue/tiredness with 52.0%, sore throat with 50.3%, and fever with 44.2%. Bolivian patients had fever as the top symptom (83.3%). GI symptoms included diarrhea which was highest in Mexico with 22.9%. Hypertension was among the top (12.1%) comorbidities, followed by diabetes with 8.3% and obesity at 4.5%. In multivariate analyses, the leading and significant comorbidities were hypertension (r = 0.83, p = 0.02), diabetes (r = 0.91, p = 0.01), and obesity (r = 0.86, p = 0.03). Mortality was highest in Mexico (16.6%) and lowest in Venezuela (0.9%) among the analyzed cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, COVID-19 patients in Latin America display cough, fatigue, and fever as main symptoms. Up to 53% of patients with COVID-19 have GI manifestations. Different clinical symptoms were associated with COVID-19 in Latin American countries. Metabolic syndrome components were the main comorbidities associated with poor outcome. Country-specific management and prevention plans are needed and can be established from this meta-analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9355387/pdf/nihms-1770282.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40700898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Chemosensory Protein (CSP) Structures in Pediculus humanis corporis and Acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"A. Liu, Shousong Yue, B. Rajashekar, J. Picimbon","doi":"10.15226/sojmid/7/1/001101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/sojmid/7/1/001101","url":null,"abstract":"We parsed the microbial genome database using Bombyx mori chemosensory proteins (BmorCSPs) as templates. We extracted eleven bacterial CSPs (B-CSPs) from various microorganisms such as Kitasatospora griseola, K. purpeofusca, K. CB01950, K. MBT66, Escherichia coli, Macrococcus caseolyticus and Acinetobacter baumannii, a known infectious prokaryotic symbiont of various insects, particularly the human body louse. We then parsed the body louse Pediculus humanis corporis genomic database for CSPs. We found six P. humanis corporis (Phum) CSPs all grouped in the same gene cluster. Sequence alignment, structure modeling and phylogenetic analysis of CSP proteins in bacteria and insects reveal duplication, conservation, gene loss, but also diversification and neofunctionalization that took place at a common stage in this ancestral gene family. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences also reveals association of CSPs with other prokaryotic gene families, mainly enzymes and secondary metabolites transporters. Their ability to bind lipids and their proved existence and diversity in infectious bacterial prokaryote systems strongly argue for some important general functions in the cellular metabolism process.","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44864347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and age based evaluation of clinical signs and symptoms of dengue: A secondary data analysis","authors":"A. Momin, I. Manzoor, N. Mustafa, Z. Wajid, Ahsan Ali Siddiqui, Fareha Haleem, Kanwal Niazi, A. Anwar","doi":"10.15226/sojmid/7/1/001100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/sojmid/7/1/001100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The global incidence of dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection, has grown dramatically in recent decades with about half of the world’s population is now at risk. Its clinical manifestations include headache, fever, skin rashes, leukopenia and arthralgia. Local data evaluating age and gender based differences in clinical signs and symptoms of dengue are scarce at best. Objective: To compare the clinical signs and symptoms of dengue across gender and age based groups. Methods: A secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial on the effects of silymarin on hepatic enzymes and clinical manifestation of dengue was conducted. The clinical signs and symptoms of the dengue patients were recorded at the baseline before giving trial intervention. Chisquare test was used to make desired comparisons across gender and age based groups whereas the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The study results showed that rash (p=0.047) and infected conjunctiva (p=0.013) were significantly associated with gender of the patients whereas nausea and vomiting (p=0.01), headache (p=0.016), retro-orbital pain (p=0.049) and infected conjunctiva (p=0.032) were significantly associated with age of the patients. Conclusion: A significant association of rash and injected conjunctiva with gender of dengue patients and of nausea and vomiting, headache, retro-orbital pain and injected conjunctiva with age of dengue patients was found. Further evaluation of study findings because of their potential implications for the symptomatic management of dengue patients is recommended.","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46020795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel Plasmid Replicons Harboring β-Lactamase Resistant Genes in Ampicillin-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli","authors":"M. Nawaz, A. Khan, Saeed A. Khan, B. Marasa, K. Nguyen, S. Nawaz, H. Mobley","doi":"10.15226/sojmid/7/1/00199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/sojmid/7/1/00199","url":null,"abstract":"Misuse of β-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) may result in the prevalence of β-lactam resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). This study was undertaken to study the prevalence of β-lactam resistant determinants in ninety-one uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were isolated from patients with UTI. Twenty-four of the ninety-one isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. All twentyfour isolates were resistant to the β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and ampicillin and a majority (16/24, 67.0%) of the isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 256 μg/mL for both antibiotics. The oligonucleotide primers specific for blatem and blactx-m amplified the 851-bp and 550-bp regions of the genes from the template DNA of 100% and 75% of the isolates, respectively. PCR results also indicated that 75% of the isolates contained both genes. High MIC values (256 μg/mL) were observed in isolates simultaneously harboring both genes compared to isolates containing just one β-lactam resistance determinant. Twenty one of the 24 isolates contained plasmids measuring 2.5 to 16.0 kb and 12 of the 21 strains harbored mega plasmids (above 16.0 kb). PCR based replicon typing (PBRT) was used to screen the template DNA from 24 of these isolates for the presence of 15 major plasmid families. Oligonucleotide primers specific for the detection of I1 plasmid amplified the replicon in 17 of 21 (81.0%) of the isolates. Similarly, PCR protocols specific for the detection of B/O and FIA plasmids detected these plasmids in 46.0% and 75.0% of the isolates. The β-lactam resistance determinants were successfully transferred to Salmonella sp. by conjugation along with I1 and B/O plasmid families but the conjugation protocol failed to transfer the FIC plasmid. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated 16 different XbaI digested macrorestriction profiles (mrps) among the 24 UPECs. Our results indicate that the use of β-lactams in clinical practice may select for UPECs resistant to these drugs.","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44864138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Temperature with Platelet Count and Total Leukocyte Count in Dengue: Findings from a Secondary Data Analysis","authors":"A. Momin, Z. Wajid, Munsif Adil, Fareha Haleem, Ahsan Ali Siddiqui, Anam Ahmed, Shahzain Hasan, A. Anwar","doi":"10.15226/SOJMID/7/1/00198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/SOJMID/7/1/00198","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue fever annually affects almost 100 million people globally with 2.5 billion people at risk of developing dengue fever. The symptoms of dengue fever begins with flu like illness and may lead to severe manifestations such as bleeding, sudden loss of consciousness and even loss of life. The treatment of the infection is decided on the basis of severity of clinical features and level of fluids in the body. Objective: To assess the correlation of temperature with platelet count and total leukocyte count in patients of dengue fever. Methods: A secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial on the effects of silymarin on hepatic enzymes and clinical manifestation of dengue fever was carried out including only the patients in the placebo group of the trial. The correlation of temperature with platelet count and total leukocyte count was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The study results revealed that the temperature was significantly negatively correlated with total leukocyte count on day 3 only (p=0.026). Furthermore, in patients with fever duration of 5 to 7 days it was significantly negatively correlated with platelet count on day 3 only (p=0.002) whereas in patients aged 40 years or above it was significantly negatively correlated with total leukocyte count on day 3 only (p=0.025). Conclusion: Raised temperature was found to be significantly negatively correlated with total leukocyte count on day 3 only. Moreover, stratified analysis showed it to be significantly negatively correlated with platelet count on day 3 in patients with longer duration of fever and with total leukocyte count on day 3 in patients aged 40 years or above. Further evaluation of the study findings with a larger sample size is recommended.","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42153529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity from Derivatives of Aveloz (Euphorbia tirucalli L.)","authors":"Aleixo Tb, Calmon, Falconi Ap, Souza Ar, Duarte Rs, Fagundes Ll, Machado Rrp","doi":"10.15226/sojmid/6/2/00197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/sojmid/6/2/00197","url":null,"abstract":"Aveloz (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) is a plant known for its therapeutic activities and the toxicity of latex. Antimicrobial, antitumoral, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory activities, among others, are examples of its medicinal properties already described in different studies. On the other hand, extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with the plant metabolism are able to produce different metabolites among samples of the same species. Therefore, studies of antimicrobial activity and the phytochemical screening of different specimens of this plant are relevant, since it is able to aggregate knowledge about its properties widely used by the population. In the present study, the phytochemical screening was performed and the antimicrobial activity of four extracts from aerial parts was investigated. The results showed that the material presents antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potentials, since the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids and, through the susceptibility tests carried out on 96-wells microplates with viability stains, it was verified the occurrence of growth inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli strains. The plant derivatives presenting significant antimicrobial activity were the ethyl acetate and the butanol extracts. Comparing these data to the literature we conclude that new researches using different specimens of E. tirucalli may provide findings with potential application in medicine.","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44344565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Supplementation Alters Heme and Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) Levels In Pregnant Women in Ghana.","authors":"Hassana Salifu, Nana O. Wilson, Mingli Liu, Carmen M. Dickinson-Copeland, N. Yatich, J. Keenan, C. Turpin, P. Jolly, R. Gyasi, A. Adjei, J. Stiles","doi":"10.15226/sojmid/4/2/00154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/sojmid/4/2/00154","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Iron supplementation is recommended for pregnant women to meet their iron requirement for a healthy pregnancy. The benefits and risks of universal iron supplementation during pregnancy in malaria endemic countries are currently being debated. As part of a broader study that focused on the effect of heme/HO-1 on pregnancy outcomes in malaria in pregnancy, we determined the association between iron supplementation and free heme levels in blood of pregnant women with and without malaria in Ghana. We hypothesized that pregnant women with malaria who took iron supplements will have higher levels of Heme/HO-1 than those who did not take iron supplements.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A total of 337 women were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected for malaria diagnosis and heme/HO-1 measurement. Quantification of heme was done using a heme colorimetric assay kit and HO-1 levels were performed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) on plasma samples.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Malaria positive iron supplemented women, in their third trimester, had significantly higher median levels of heme 59.3(43.1 - 60.4) than non-malaria iron supplemented women 35.7(33.0 - 62.2), p = 0.026. Also, malaria positive iron supplemented women had significant higher median levels of HO-16.2(IQR 4.9 - 8.1) than pregnant women who did not take iron supplements 2.9 (IQR 2.1 - 3.8), p = <0.001.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Although iron supplementation may be highly beneficial and improve pregnancy outcomes for iron deficient or anemic mothers, it is also likely that iron supplementation for pregnant women who are not iron deficient may put this group of women at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Findings from this study sheds light on the effect of iron supplementation on malaria derived heme in pregnancy, which may inform how iron supplementation is recommended for pregnant women who are not iron deficient.","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67333832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Additive P-80 Impacts Mouse Gut Microbiota Promoting Intestinal Inflammation, Obesity and Liver Dysfunction.","authors":"Ratnesh Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Nolan Wheildon,&nbsp;Seiichi Ishikawa","doi":"10.15226/sojmid/4/1/00148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/sojmid/4/1/00148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of obesity has emerged as one of the most important global public health issue. The change to the human microbiome as a result of changes in the quality and quantity of food intake over the past several decades has been implicated in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. We administered polysorbate-80 to mice via gavage. The researchers monitor liver noninvasively using a bioluminescence imaging. For the liver dysfunction we measure the liver enzymes and PAS stain on liver, electron microscopy liver mitochondria. For the assessment of intestinal inflammation we measured fecal LCN2, LPS, MPO and flagellin by ELISA and qPCR. We use confocal microscopy to detect closet bacteria near the epithelium. 16S sequence was used for the composition of microbiota. Compared with control mice, those receiving emulsifier, showed impaired glycemic tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, altered liver enzymes, larger mitochondria and increased gall bladder size. Additionally, mice in the experimental group showed higher levels of DCA, reduced Muc2 RNA expression, reduced mucus thickness in the intestinal epithelium and increased gut permeability. Intestinal bacteria of mice receiving P-80 were found deeper in the mucus and closer to the intestinal epithelium and had increased level of bioactive LPS, flagellin and LCN2 expression. The result of the study are supportive of evidence that emulsifier agents such as polysorbate-80, may be contributing to obesity related intestinal inflammation and progression of liver dysfunction and alternation of gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":74841,"journal":{"name":"SOJ microbiology & infectious diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944853/pdf/nihms798629.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9695041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}