Soft science最新文献

A temporally biosynchronized and physically transient peripheral nerve interface 一个暂时的生物同步的和物理上短暂的周围神经接口

Soft science Pub Date : 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2026.11

Can Yang, Hanqing Hou, Pengcheng Sun, Yuanrui Dong, Xue Gao, Linyan Chen, Jinger Tan, Yingtong Lu, Zhuofan Yang, Shangbin Liu, Liu Wang, Wei Xiong, Xing Sheng, He Ding, Lan Yin, Shirong Wang

{"title":"A temporally biosynchronized and physically transient peripheral nerve interface","authors":"Can Yang, Hanqing Hou, Pengcheng Sun, Yuanrui Dong, Xue Gao, Linyan Chen, Jinger Tan, Yingtong Lu, Zhuofan Yang, Shangbin Liu, Liu Wang, Wei Xiong, Xing Sheng, He Ding, Lan Yin, Shirong Wang","doi":"10.20517/ss.2026.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2026.11","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral nerve injury often leads to severe and persistent motor and sensory deficits, thereby markedly reducing quality of life. Peripheral nerve interfaces offer opportunities to facilitate functional restoration by interrogating neural activity and delivering electrical therapy. However, existing devices are typically not designed for long-term monitoring of injured nerves and are fabricated from non-degradable materials that require surgical removal. Here we present a temporally biosynchronized, physically transient and flexible peripheral nerve interface that enables stable monitoring of neural activity throughout the post-injury recovery process. Integrated with machine-learning-based decoding, the interface achieves excellent motor intention recognition using peripheral nerve signals in a rodent sciatic nerve injury model, outperforming signals recorded from the primary motor cortex. Moreover, the device enables continuous tracking of nerve regeneration and supports bidirectional signal transmission, providing a foundation for closed-loop rehabilitation. This work establishes a transient and biomimetic peripheral nerve interface with the potential to advance neuroregeneration monitoring and adaptive neurorehabilitation strategies.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://f.oaes.cc/xmlpdf/published/article/13c31d22c0ae66fe7d28faea7009a1bd/ss6011.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Touch-Code Glove: a multimodal mapping interface with triboelectric-digital encoding for intuitive robot training 触摸编码手套：一个多模态映射接口，具有摩擦电数字编码，用于直观的机器人训练

Soft science Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2025.68

Yuyang Sun, Dongsheng Li, Ruxiao Yang, Zhicun Zhou, Tianci Ji, Bo Lu, Lining Sun, Huicong Liu

{"title":"The Touch-Code Glove: a multimodal mapping interface with triboelectric-digital encoding for intuitive robot training","authors":"Yuyang Sun, Dongsheng Li, Ruxiao Yang, Zhicun Zhou, Tianci Ji, Bo Lu, Lining Sun, Huicong Liu","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.68","url":null,"abstract":"Current human-robot interaction (HRI) systems for training embodied intelligent robots often suffer from limited motion dimensionality and unintuitive control. This work presents the Touch-Code Glove, a multimodal HRI interface integrating functional materials, structural intelligence, and deep-learning decoding. A triboelectric digital interface is embedded into the Wrist-pad via a mosaic-patterned array of polyamide/polytetrafluoroethylene-doped silicone rubber films, generating polarity-dependent digital signal pairs upon contact. A co-electrode layout enables 16 touch points with minimal wiring, allowing multiplexed, programmable tactile input via sliding or multi-point gestures. Coupled triboelectric signals are accurately decoded using a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory model, achieving over 98% recognition accuracy. Complementarily, a double-network conductive hydrogel composed of sodium alginate, polyacrylamide, and sodium chloride is integrated into the Finger-fibers and the Wrist-pad to provide strain-sensing capabilities with excellent stretchability, high linearity, low hysteresis, and long-term stability. The system incorporates three concurrent sub-mapping strategies: gesture-driven control, wrist posture-based movement, and touch path-guided input, which together enable real-time control of robotic hands and arms without requiring professional training. This triboelectric-hydrogel hybrid interface offers a materials-centric solution for intelligent, wearable, and accessible HRI, paving the way for next-generation multimodal robotic control systems in assistive and industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147920364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inducing multiple polarizations in core@double-shell structured MXene/PVDF flexible nanodielectrics toward elevated overall dielectric performances 在core@double-shell结构MXene/PVDF柔性纳米电介质中诱导多极化以提高整体介电性能

Soft science Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2025.65

Xingxing Meng, Wenying Zhou, Na Lin, Jiahuan Zhao, Dengfeng Liu, Zhi Fang

{"title":"Inducing multiple polarizations in core@double-shell structured MXene/PVDF flexible nanodielectrics toward elevated overall dielectric performances","authors":"Xingxing Meng, Wenying Zhou, Na Lin, Jiahuan Zhao, Dengfeng Liu, Zhi Fang","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.65","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium carbide (MXene) has garnered much attention in the development of high-permittivity (ε) flexible polymeric dielectrics because of its exceptionally high electrical conductivity; nevertheless, large dielectric loss at the percolating filler loading severely restricts their engineering applications. In this work, the exfoliated MXene was first surface-oxidized (O-MXene) and then encapsulated with a polydopamine (PDA) layer, and the dielectric properties of the O-MXene@PDA/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites were investigated. The findings reveal that compared with both pristine MXene and MXene@PDA, the double-shell O-MXene@PDA imparts PVDF with evidently enhanced ε and breakdown strength (Eb) along with significantly lower dielectric loss. The elevated ε is ascribed to the O-MXene@PDA inducing multiple intra-particle and inter-particle polarizations. The presence of double shells not only induces deep charge traps capturing mobile charges but also raises the energy barrier for trapped charge de-trapping, subsequently leading to remarkably restrained loss and leakage current in the nanocomposites. Moreover, the second PDA interlayer enhances interfacial interactions between MXene and PVDF, and notably mitigates the strong dielectric mismatch between the two components, therefore lessening the formation of electric trees and promoting the Eb. The theoretical fitting and simulations provide deep insights into the underlying multiple polarization mechanisms and the impact of the double shells on charge migration. This core@double-shell approach offers new insights into the fabrication and design of percolating nanocomposites at low filler loading with concurrently high ε and Eb but low loss, presenting potential applications in power electronic devices and power systems.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

High-precision electrohydrodynamic printing of EGaIn-AgNPs biphasic conductive ink for conformal and lightweight bioelectrodes 用于保形和轻质生物电极的EGaIn-AgNPs双相导电油墨的高精度电流体动力打印

Soft science Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2025.41

Jingxuan Ma, Jiayun Feng, Zicheng Sa, Fanzhou Meng, Feng Zhao, Qing Sun, Yuxin Sun, Jiayue Wen, Shang Wang, Yanhong Tian

{"title":"High-precision electrohydrodynamic printing of EGaIn-AgNPs biphasic conductive ink for conformal and lightweight bioelectrodes","authors":"Jingxuan Ma, Jiayun Feng, Zicheng Sa, Fanzhou Meng, Feng Zhao, Qing Sun, Yuxin Sun, Jiayue Wen, Shang Wang, Yanhong Tian","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.41","url":null,"abstract":"Low-melting-point liquid metals (LMs), characterized by exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical compliance, and eco-friendly, cost-effective processability, hold great promise as flexible conductors in human-machine interfaces, wearable bioelectronics, and emerging technologies. However, their intrinsic fluidity compromises device stability, while high surface tension and low viscosity present significant challenges for high-resolution patterning and scalable manufacturability. In this study, we develop a eutectic gallium indium-silver nanoparticles (EGaIn-AgNPs) biphasic conductive ink and employ electrohydrodynamic printing to achieve precise, high-resolution patterning of the EGaIn-AgNPs biphasic structure (~5 μm). This approach strategically embeds a solid phase within the LM matrix, effectively suppressing its inherent fluidity and substantially augmenting its mechanical stability and structural robustness. By leveraging the versatility and precision of electrohydrodynamic printing, we successfully fabricate lightweight, highly resolved conductive patterns that can conform seamlessly to complex and dynamic surfaces, such as human skin and plant leaves. This advancement addresses key challenges in LM-based flexible electronics, unlocking transformative opportunities in wearable electronics, implantable devices, next-generation consumer electronics, and smart agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://f.oaes.cc/xmlpdf/published/article/da989eb40d35cdf06602223ec60b3989/ss5041.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of incision curvature on measuring fracture energy of soft materials 切口曲率对软质材料断裂能测量的影响

Soft science Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2025.38

Yudong Pan, Xueqi Zhao, Tongqing Lu

{"title":"Effect of incision curvature on measuring fracture energy of soft materials","authors":"Yudong Pan, Xueqi Zhao, Tongqing Lu","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.38","url":null,"abstract":"Fracture energy is the property that characterizes how a material resists crack growth. In a standard measurement of fracture energy, an incision is typically introduced into the specimen. It is known that the measured fracture energy may depend on the incision curvature. However, the underlying mechanism of such dependence remains unclear. In this paper, we prepared polyacrylamide/Ca-alginate hydrogel specimens featuring incisions with circular tips of varying diameters. The fracture energy was subsequently measured through a pure shear test. We observed that the fracture energy is proportional to the incision diameter, with a slope comparable to the work of fracture for larger tip diameters. Conversely, for smaller tip diameters, the fracture energy remains independent of the incision diameter and aligns with the intrinsic fracture energy. This transition occurs at an incision diameter comparable to a material-specific scale known as the fractocohesive length. Notably, the fractocohesive length, rather than the inelastic zone scale, successfully explains the dependence of fracture energy measurement on incision curvature. The difference between these two length scales of the material here spans three orders of magnitude. These results will be helpful for establishing standards for measuring fracture energy of soft materials.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://f.oaes.cc/xmlpdf/published/article/38b2c990c62dc4385bc6118624bf78bb/ss5038.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bioinspired porous Ti2CTX/Si3N4 composites with aligned lamellar structure for efficient microwave absorption 仿生多孔Ti&lt；sub>2 ct>X/Si3N4</sub&gt；复合材料具有对准的层状结构，可有效吸收微波

Soft science Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2025.63

Hailong Xu, Chenyang Jing, Zhijian Xu, Haoyang Zhan, Fang Ye, Qiang Chen, Meng Zhu, Luo Kong, Xinliang Li, Xia Chai, Yuchang Qing, Xiaomeng Fan, Fa Luo

{"title":"Bioinspired porous Ti2CTX/Si3N4 composites with aligned lamellar structure for efficient microwave absorption","authors":"Hailong Xu, Chenyang Jing, Zhijian Xu, Haoyang Zhan, Fang Ye, Qiang Chen, Meng Zhu, Luo Kong, Xinliang Li, Xia Chai, Yuchang Qing, Xiaomeng Fan, Fa Luo","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.63","url":null,"abstract":"With the ever-deepening understanding of nano-electromagnetic interactions and the advancements of fabrication methodologies of nanomaterials, diverse electromagnetic platforms utilizing nanomaterials have been developed for next-generation electromagnetic safeguarding applications. This study presents the design and fabrication of bioinspired porous Ti2CTX/Si3N4 composites featuring an aligned lamellar structure, aimed at facilitating the effective absorption and dissipation of electromagnetic radiation. The layered configuration of Ti2CTX/Si3N4 composites facilitates the repeated reflection of electromagnetic waves between neighboring Ti2CTX layers, hence enhancing the energy dissipation of these waves. At a Ti2CTX concentration of merely 0.21 wt.%, the effective absorption bandwidth of Ti2CTX/Si3N4 composites encompasses the whole X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz), with a minimum reflection loss of -53 dB achievable at a sample thickness of 5 mm. Simultaneously, the fabricated Ti2CTX/Si3N4 composites demonstrate advantages in lightweight characteristics and robust mechanical properties, offering significant insights for the application of Ti2CTX in nano-electromagnetic engineering, particularly in the realm of electromagnetic pollution mitigation.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://f.oaes.cc/xmlpdf/published/article/beb636d15e89092ee284152bc49f28ed/ss5063.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147903903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Dielectric shell regulation in synergy FeCoNi@ZnIn2S4 microspheres with broadband electromagnetic wave absorption 具有宽带电磁波吸收的微球协同作用中的介电壳调节FeCoNi@ZnIn&lt；sub>2S4</sub&gt

Soft science Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2025.21

Rui Sun, Huanhuan Lv, Gangjie Lian, Lei Wang, Mengqiu Huang, Wenbin You, Renchao Che

{"title":"Dielectric shell regulation in synergy FeCoNi@ZnIn2S4 microspheres with broadband electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Rui Sun, Huanhuan Lv, Gangjie Lian, Lei Wang, Mengqiu Huang, Wenbin You, Renchao Che","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.21","url":null,"abstract":"Core-shell structure and magnetic-dielectric coupling in functional composites are important factors for obtaining excellent electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance, but they also face challenges. In this study, magnetic FeCoNi and dielectric ZnIn2S4 were combined to form unique core-shell structured microspheres. The morphology characteristics, EM parameters, and absorption performance of FeCoNi@ZnIn2S4 composites with different annealing temperatures were investigated to reveal impedance matching and synergistic absorption mechanisms. Those results show that FeCoNi@ZnIn2S4-600 (FCNZ-600) has excellent EM wave absorption properties, with the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -52.4 dB at 1.9 mm and the efficient absorption bandwidth of 6.08 GHz at 1.53 mm, which achieves broadband absorption. Core-shell magnetic-dielectric design provides a new perspective in efficient EM wave absorption systems.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Liquid metal-based dynamic conformal electrodes 液态金属动态共形电极

Soft science Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2025.16

Xiaotong Liu, Chunxue Wan, Jiaping Liu, Hui Xu, Yubing Liu, Yong Liu, Yanqing Liu, Jing Liu, Hongzhang Wang, Haojun Fan, Rui Guo

{"title":"Liquid metal-based dynamic conformal electrodes","authors":"Xiaotong Liu, Chunxue Wan, Jiaping Liu, Hui Xu, Yubing Liu, Yong Liu, Yanqing Liu, Jing Liu, Hongzhang Wang, Haojun Fan, Rui Guo","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.16","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic skin has increasingly diverse applications in health monitoring, disease diagnosis, rehabilitation therapy, and human-machine interaction. However, most electronic skin devices struggle to maintain stable performance and adhesion under complex conditions involving high body acceleration and sweat. To address these issues, we present a dynamic conformal electrode based on liquid metal, fabricated by coating the semi-liquid metal (SLM) with high conductivity of 9.0 × 106 S/m and low fluidity onto polyborosiloxane (PBS) exhibiting frequency-responsive rheological properties. The gradual deformation of PBS enables SLM to compress into microscopic skin wrinkles while avoiding hair interference. This dynamic conformal electrode can withstand significant deformation exceeding 1,000%, while also increasing the skin contact area, leading to a lower skin contact impedance of 0.1 MΩ at 1,000 Hz and improved interfacial adhesion, maintaining robust skin adhesion for over 7 days. This study demonstrates the capability of the conformal electrode to conduct long-term monitoring of electrocardiogram, electromyogram, and electroencephalogram signals in areas with rough textures, large skin deformation, and dense hair, enabling continuous dynamic monitoring of human health information. The findings highlight its broad potential for applications in health detection, disease diagnosis, rehabilitation therapy, and human-machine interaction.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A scalable, robust and high-sensitivity fiber sensor for real-time body temperature monitoring 一种可扩展的、健壮的、高灵敏度的光纤传感器，用于实时体温监测

Soft science Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2024.60

Pan Li, Jing Zhou, Yuyang Cui, Jingyu Ouyang, Ziyi Su, Yuqi Zou, Jun Liang, Fuhong Wang, Karen He, Yueheng Liu, Zihao Zeng, Fang Fang, Chong Hou, Ning Zhou, Taijiang Peng, Quan Yuan, Guangming Tao

引用次数: 7

Strong and tough polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with high intrinsic thermal conductivity 具有高固有导热性的聚乙烯醇水凝胶

Soft science Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.20517/ss.2024.72

Junliang Zhang, Chenyang Tang, Qingqing Kong, Mukun He, Peng Lv, Hua Guo, Yongqiang Guo, Xuetao Shi, Junwei Gu

{"title":"Strong and tough polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with high intrinsic thermal conductivity","authors":"Junliang Zhang, Chenyang Tang, Qingqing Kong, Mukun He, Peng Lv, Hua Guo, Yongqiang Guo, Xuetao Shi, Junwei Gu","doi":"10.20517/ss.2024.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.72","url":null,"abstract":"Although polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels display huge potential in tissue engineering, flexible and wearable electronic devices and soft robotics, their low intrinsic thermal conductivity and weak mechanical properties severely limit their wider applications in these areas. Herein, a Hofmeister effect-assisted “directional freezing-stretching” tactic is employed for simultaneously enhancing the intrinsic thermal conduction and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels. The hydrogels are obtained through directional freezing followed by salting-out treatment and subsequent mechanical stretching and salting-out (DFS). The DFS PVA hydrogel with 15 wt% of PVA and a stretching ratio of 4 (DFS4) exhibits the highest thermal conductivity of 1.25 W/(m·K), which is 2.4 and 2.8 times that of PVA hydrogel prepared through frozen-thawed (FT) [0.52 W/(m·K)] and frozen-salted out (FS) [0.45 W/(m·K)] methods, respectively. The DFS4 PVA hydrogel also possesses greatly improved mechanical performances, exhibiting an elongation at break of 163.1%. In addition, the tensile strength, toughness, and elastic modulus of DFS4 PVA hydrogel significantly increase to 27.1 MPa, 25.3 MJ·m-3, and 21.5 MPa from 0.4 MPa, 0.32 MJ·m-3, and 0.07 MPa for FT PVA hydrogels, respectively. It is elucidated that the salting-out effect generates hydrophobic and crystalline regions, while directional freezing and stretching enhance the chain orientation in the DFS strategy. These effects synergistically contribute to the improvement of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21