Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE最新文献_第4页

Validity and Validation of Computer Simulations—A Methodological Inquiry with Application to Integrated Assessment Models 计算机模拟的有效性与验证——一种应用于综合评估模型的方法论探讨

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3020018

A. Randall, Jonathan D. Ogland-Hand

{"title":"Validity and Validation of Computer Simulations—A Methodological Inquiry with Application to Integrated Assessment Models","authors":"A. Randall, Jonathan D. Ogland-Hand","doi":"10.3390/knowledge3020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge3020018","url":null,"abstract":"Our purpose is to advance a reasoned perspective on the scientific validity of computer simulation, using an example—integrated assessment modeling of climate change and its projected impacts—that is itself of great and urgent interest to policy in the real world. The spirited and continuing debate on the scientific status of integrated assessment models (IAMs) of global climate change has been conducted mostly among climate change modelers and users seeking guidance for climate policy. However, it raises a number and variety of issues that have been addressed, with various degrees of success, in other literature. The literature on methodology of simulation was mostly skeptical at the outset but has become more nuanced, casting light on some key issues relating to the validity and evidentiary standing of climate change IAMs (CC-IAMs). We argue that the goal of validation is credence, i.e., confidence or justified belief in model projections, and that validation is a matter of degree: (perfect) validity is best viewed as aspirational and, other things equal, it makes sense to seek more rather than less validation. We offer several conclusions. The literature on computer simulation has become less skeptical and more inclined to recognize that simulations are capable of providing evidence, albeit a different kind of evidence than, say, observation and experiments. CC-IAMs model an enormously complex system of systems and must respond to several challenges that include building more transparent models and addressing deep uncertainty credibly. Drawing on the contributions of philosophers of science and introspective practitioners, we offer guidance for enhancing the credibility of CC-IAMs and computer simulation more generally.","PeriodicalId":74770,"journal":{"name":"Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE","volume":"58 20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83694358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cooperation in the Conceptualization of Autonomous Strategic Initiatives: The Role of Managers’ Intellectual and Social Capital 自主战略举措概念化中的合作:管理者智力资本和社会资本的作用

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3020017

E. Adamides

引用次数: 0

The Use of Technology as an Instrument to Promote School Coexistence 以科技为工具促进学校共存

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3020016

Marta Montenegro-Rueda, José Fernández-Cerero, J. Fernández-Batanero

引用次数: 0

Nonignorable Consequences of (Partially) Ignoring Missing Item Responses: Students Omit (Constructed Response) Items Due to a Lack of Knowledge (部分)忽略缺失项目回答的不可忽视的后果:学生由于缺乏知识而忽略(构建的回答)项目

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3020015

A. Robitzsch

{"title":"Nonignorable Consequences of (Partially) Ignoring Missing Item Responses: Students Omit (Constructed Response) Items Due to a Lack of Knowledge","authors":"A. Robitzsch","doi":"10.3390/knowledge3020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge3020015","url":null,"abstract":"In recent literature, alternative models for handling missing item responses in large-scale assessments have been proposed. Based on simulations and arguments based on psychometric test theory, it is argued in this literature that missing item responses should never be scored as incorrect in scaling models but rather treated as ignorable or handled based on a model. The present article shows that these arguments have limited validity and illustrates the consequences in a country comparison using the PIRLS 2011 study. It is argued that students omit (constructed response) items because they do not know the correct item answer. A different treatment of missing item responses than scoring them as incorrect leads to significant changes in country rankings, which induces nonignorable consequences regarding the validity of the results. Additionally, two alternative item response models are proposed based on different assumptions for missing item responses. In the first pseudo-likelihood approach, missing item responses for a particular student are replaced by a score that ranges between zero and a model-implied probability computed based on the non-missing items. In the second approach, the probability of a missing item response is predicted by a latent response propensity variable and the item response itself. The models were applied to the PIRLS 2011 study, demonstrating that country comparisons change under different modeling assumptions for missing item responses.","PeriodicalId":74770,"journal":{"name":"Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88273628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Knowledge to Wisdom: Looking beyond the Knowledge Hierarchy 从知识到智慧:超越知识层次

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3020014

C. Bratianu, Ruxandra Bejinaru

{"title":"From Knowledge to Wisdom: Looking beyond the Knowledge Hierarchy","authors":"C. Bratianu, Ruxandra Bejinaru","doi":"10.3390/knowledge3020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge3020014","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is a long history of searching for the road from knowledge to wisdom, there is no final and clear result. In fact, there are multiple ways of starting from knowledge and reaching wisdom due to the complexity of the semantic domains of both concepts. In addition, there are different perspectives on interpreting these conceptual maps, ranging from philosophy to psychology or management. We are interested in understanding the connecting ideas between knowledge and wisdom from the management perspective, where decision making is the key driving force for transforming knowledge into efficient actions for creating value for customers through products and services. The well-known knowledge pyramid or wisdom pyramid is a good metaphor to start with in understanding the basic concepts of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom (DIKW) and their transformations. We analyze different interpretations of these four basic concepts and focus on the transition from knowledge to wisdom, looking beyond the DIKW pyramid. Additionally, to get a larger view of the multiple connections between knowledge and wisdom, we perform a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer as a specialized software tool. The contribution of the present paper comes from this enlarged framework of searching for links between knowledge and wisdom and analyzing their relevance to business management. The results are relevant to anyone who would like to understand how to manage efficiently knowledge in their organizations. We explain the semantic differences in interpreting the concepts of “information” and “knowledge” in philosophy, information science, and knowledge management, which can be useful both in theory and in practice.","PeriodicalId":74770,"journal":{"name":"Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73056117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Managing the Knowledge Deficit in the German Automotive Industry 管理德国汽车工业的知识赤字

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3020013

K. Felser, M. Wynn

{"title":"Managing the Knowledge Deficit in the German Automotive Industry","authors":"K. Felser, M. Wynn","doi":"10.3390/knowledge3020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge3020013","url":null,"abstract":"The combined effects of decarbonization and digitalization have had a significant impact on the German automotive industry, with different business models emerging that often involve new business alliances with other automotive companies and technology companies. This rapid and dramatic change momentum has resulted in a “knowledge deficit” in the industry, as regards the skills and know-how required to operate successfully in the digital economy. Using an inductive, qualitative research methodology, based on in-depth interviews with industry experts and practitioners, this article identifies the main areas in which skills, knowledge and competencies are lacking, and assesses the main ways in which the industry is trying to address the problem. A number of emergent issues are also discussed. The article finds that many years of technology outsourcing have left the industry deficient in core technology skills for software development, data management and architecture design, and that new competencies in cybersecurity, platforms and ecosystems, and sourcing management are also urgently needed. The industry is addressing this challenge through a combination of strategies, including major partnership arrangements with the big tech companies. The article concludes that entrepreneurial innovation and radical digital leadership will be required to adequately address the knowledge deficit in the digital era.","PeriodicalId":74770,"journal":{"name":"Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79659181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A Comprehensive Review on E-Waste Management Strategies and Prediction Methods: A Saudi Arabia Perspective 电子垃圾管理策略与预测方法综述:以沙特阿拉伯为例

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3020012

Hatim Madkhali, Salahaldeen Duraib, Linh Nguyen, Mukesh Prasad, Manu Sharma, Sudhanshu Joshi

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on E-Waste Management Strategies and Prediction Methods: A Saudi Arabia Perspective","authors":"Hatim Madkhali, Salahaldeen Duraib, Linh Nguyen, Mukesh Prasad, Manu Sharma, Sudhanshu Joshi","doi":"10.3390/knowledge3020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge3020012","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic waste generation is increasing dramatically throughout the world. Consequently, this increase in E-waste harms the environment, health, and other aspects of human life. Moreover, hazardous substances and the informal disposal of E-waste severely threaten human health and the environment. Saudi Arabia is the largest Arab country in terms of electronic waste generation and is the Arab country that generates the most E-waste. Over the past few decades, several initiatives and policy implementations have been undertaken in the country. However, the management of E-waste is still a source of distress and an unresolved issue. Sustainable development requires much more effort, primarily efficient E-waste management, which can only be achieved by establishing a formal collection system, early forecasting, and accurate estimations. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the fundamental and emerging trends in E-waste production worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. This paper aims to summarize the hazardous elements present in E-waste, their dangerous effects, and the economic potential for recycling E-waste as a means of developing sustainable communities. This study explores the practices regarding efficient E-waste management and E-waste estimation and prediction globally, specifically in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries. This study suggests that more than the use of a single management probe will be needed to achieve significant results. Instead, a complementary approach can be used to achieve the most effective results. Additionally, people should be aware of the importance of handling and recycling E-waste. This study emphasizes the importance of formal collection and documentation to ensure effective monitoring and sustainable development in any developed country.","PeriodicalId":74770,"journal":{"name":"Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72763801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Knowledge Breakthroughs through Time in Mind and Action—An Outline of a New-Old Knowledge History 思想与行动中的知识突破——新-旧知识史提纲

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3020011

A. Jarrick

引用次数: 0

Application of Back-Propagation Neural Network in the Post-Blast Re-Entry Time Prediction 反向传播神经网络在爆炸后再入时间预测中的应用

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3020010

Jinrui Zhang, C. Li, Ting-Xiu Zhang

{"title":"Application of Back-Propagation Neural Network in the Post-Blast Re-Entry Time Prediction","authors":"Jinrui Zhang, C. Li, Ting-Xiu Zhang","doi":"10.3390/knowledge3020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge3020010","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the post-blast re-entry time precisely can improve productivity and reduce accidents significantly. The empirical formulas for the time prediction are practical to implement, but lack accuracy. In this study, a novel method based on the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was proposed to tackle the drawbacks. A numerical model was constructed and 300 points of sample data were recorded, with consideration to fresh air volume, occupational exposure limit, toxic gas volume per kg of explosives and roadway length. The BPNN model with six neurons in a hidden layer was then developed and prediction performance was discussed in terms of four indicators, namely, the root mean square error (RMSE), the coefficient of determination (R2), the mean absolute error (MAE) and the sum of squares error (SSE). Furthermore, one representative empirical formula was introduced and calibrated for the comparison. The obtained results showed that the BPNN model had a more remarkable performance, with RMSE of 21.45 (R2: 0.99, MAE: 10.78 and SSE: 40934), compared to the empirical formula, with RMSE of 76.89 (R2: 0.90, MAE: 42.06 and SSE: 526147). Hence, the BPNN model is a superior method for predicting the post-blast re-entry time. For better practical application, it was then embedded into the software.","PeriodicalId":74770,"journal":{"name":"Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74338262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Forecasting Honesty: An Investigation of the Middle Eastern Bicultural Mind 预测诚实:中东双文化心理调查

Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3010009

M. Pilotti, Khadija El Alaoui

{"title":"Forecasting Honesty: An Investigation of the Middle Eastern Bicultural Mind","authors":"M. Pilotti, Khadija El Alaoui","doi":"10.3390/knowledge3010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge3010009","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the extent to which models of honesty predict the magnitude of current or future self-serving assessment of performance in Middle Eastern students, a population often neglected in the extant literature. Specifically, the study asks whether Middle Eastern students’ predictions regarding future performance rectify prior self-serving inflated assessment, thereby restoring honesty, or glorify it through enhanced optimism, thereby discounting prior dishonesty. In this study, students believed that their self-assessment of performance would be either anonymous, allowing them to cheat, or identifiable. Before self-assessment, participants were exposed to reminders of honesty or dishonesty (i.e., priming conditions) or neutral reminders (i.e., the control condition). In agreement with the self-concept maintenance model and evidence of earlier studies conducted in the Western world, students inflated their self-assessments very little, and even less when presented with either secular or religious reminders of honesty. However, reminders were ineffective on participants’ predictions of future performance, which were biased in favor of optimism. The study offers concrete evidence on the presumed generality of a theoretical model of ethical conduct while it also adds evidence on its limitations.","PeriodicalId":74770,"journal":{"name":"Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87008776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0