Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences最新文献_第4页

Genetic determinants of athletic performance. 运动成绩的遗传决定因素。

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/187221512802717376

Dietrich A Stephan

{"title":"Genetic determinants of athletic performance.","authors":"Dietrich A Stephan","doi":"10.2174/187221512802717376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187221512802717376","url":null,"abstract":"An extraordinary revolution in medical research has taken place over the past decade, enabled by the completion of the first human genome sequence in 2001. The Human Genome Project (HGP) has resulted in the 6 billion letter reference human genome sequence and the ultra-high throughput technologies used by medical researchers to identify correlations between positions within the human genome (genotypes) and diseases or traits (phenotypes). Just as every human disease has a genetic component, so too does every human trait. The vast majority of these diseases and traits also have an environmental component that works in conjunction with the body's hardwiring to produce the resultant phenotype- termed \"complex genetic traits\". A derivative of the HGP has been a deeper understanding not only of diseases but of normal human variability across the population, including aspects of athleticism. The technologies also now exist for consumers to cheaply gain access to variations in the genetic code that are correlated to traits that confer aspects of longevity, memory performance, athleticism and a multitude of others there-through gaining insight into propensities. Communication of propensity to a phenotype such as athletic performance is fraught with technical, legal (e.g., patents), social and ethical issues. That being said, the information is available, has benefit in some cases, and will be utilized in the future. Given that the \"genie is out of the bottle\" with respect to our ability to deliver this genetic information to individuals, over the past decade our team has worked diligently to craft the appropriate testing and communication paradigms for complex traits. Here we discuss several of the major risks and benefits of this type of testing for athletic performance. It is important to understand the limitations of genetic information in determining the vast majority of traits.","PeriodicalId":74646,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences","volume":"6 3","pages":"175-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30786526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Genetic enhancement in sport: just another form of doping? 体育运动中的基因增强:只是另一种形式的兴奋剂?

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/187221512802717394

Maxwell J Mehlman

引用次数: 2

Prometheus: the Supreme Court redefines the patentability of diagnostic inventions. 普罗米修斯:最高法院重新定义了诊断发明的可专利性。

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/187221512802717330

Andrew Kumamoto, Cora L Schmid

引用次数: 0

Personal genetics: sports utility vehicle? 个人基因:运动型多功能车?

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/187221512802717312

Keith Anthony Grimaldi, Antonio Paoli, Graeme John Smith

引用次数: 10

Critical overview of applications of genetic testing in sport talent identification. 基因检测在体育人才鉴定中的应用综述。

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/187221512802717402

Stephen M Roth

{"title":"Critical overview of applications of genetic testing in sport talent identification.","authors":"Stephen M Roth","doi":"10.2174/187221512802717402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187221512802717402","url":null,"abstract":"Talent identification for future sport performance is of paramount interest for many groups given the challenges of finding and costs of training potential elite athletes. Because genetic factors have been implicated in many performance- related traits (strength, endurance, etc.), a natural inclination is to consider the addition of genetic testing to talent identification programs. While the importance of genetic factors to sport performance is generally not disputed, whether genetic testing can positively inform talent identification is less certain. The present paper addresses the science behind the genetic tests that are now commercially available (some under patent protection) and aimed at predicting future sport performance potential. Also discussed are the challenging ethical issues that emerge from the availability of these tests. The potential negative consequences associated with genetic testing of young athletes will very likely outweigh any positive benefit for sport performance prediction at least for the next several years. The paper ends by exploring the future possibilities for genetic testing as the science of genomics in sport matures over the coming decade(s).","PeriodicalId":74646,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences","volume":"6 3","pages":"247-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/187221512802717402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30756716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Genetics & sport: bioethical concerns. 遗传学与体育:生物伦理问题。

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/187221512802717349

Andy Miah

{"title":"Genetics & sport: bioethical concerns.","authors":"Andy Miah","doi":"10.2174/187221512802717349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187221512802717349","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of the ethical issues pertaining to the use of genetic insights and techniques in sport. Initially, it considers a range of scientific findings that have stimulated debate about the ethical issues associated with genetics applied to sport. It also outlines some of the early policy responses to these discoveries from world leading sports organizations, along with knowledge about actual use of gene technologies in sport. Subsequently, it considers the challenges with distinguishing between therapeutic use and human enhancement within genetic science, which is a particularly important issue for the world of sport. Next, particular attention is given to the use of genetic information, which raises questions about the legitimacy and reliability of genetic tests, along with the potential public value of having DNA databanks to economize in health care. Finally, the ethics of gene transfer are considered, inviting questions into the values of sport and humanity. It argues that, while gene modification may seem conceptually similar to other forms of doping, the requirements upon athletes are such that new forms of enhancement become increasingly necessary to discover. Insofar as genetic science is able to create safer, more effective techniques of human modification, then it may be an appealing route through which to modify athletes to safeguard the future of elite sports as enterprises of human excellence.","PeriodicalId":74646,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences","volume":"6 3","pages":"197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/187221512802717349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30787925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

On sports and genes. 关于运动和基因。

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/187221512802717367

Gili Zilberman-Schapira, Jieming Chen, Mark Gerstein

{"title":"On sports and genes.","authors":"Gili Zilberman-Schapira, Jieming Chen, Mark Gerstein","doi":"10.2174/187221512802717367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187221512802717367","url":null,"abstract":"Our genes influence our athletic ability. However, the causal genetic factors and mechanisms, and the extent of their effects, remain largely elusive. Many studies investigate this association between specific genes and athletic performance. Such studies have increased in number over the past few years, as recent developments and patents in DNA sequencing have made large amounts of sequencing data available for such analysis. In this paper, we consider four of the most intensively studied genes in relation to athletic ability: angiotensin I-converting enzyme, alpha-actinin 3, peroxismose proliferator-activator receptor alpha and nitric oxide synthase 3. We investigate the connection between genotype and athletic phenotype in the context of these four genes in various sport fields and across different ethnicities and genders. We do an extensive literature survey on these genes and the polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms or indels) found to be associated with athletic performance. We also present, for each of these polymorphisms, the allele frequencies in the different ethnicities reported in the pilot phase of the 1000 Genomes Project - arguably the largest human genome-sequencing endeavor to date. We discuss the considerable success, and significant drawbacks, of past research along these lines, and propose interesting directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":74646,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences","volume":"6 3","pages":"180-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/187221512802717367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30739484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Foreword. 前言

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-09-14

Mourad Elloumi

{"title":"Foreword.","authors":"Mourad Elloumi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Pattern finding in biomolecular data is at the core of Computational Molecular Biology research. Indeed, it makes a very important contribution in the analysis of these data. It can reveal information about shared biological functions of biological macromolecules, coming from several different organisms, by the identification of patterns that are shared by structures related to these macromolecules. These patterns, which have been conserved during evolution, often play an important structural and/or functional role, and consequently, shed light on the mechanisms and the biological processes in which these macromolecules participate. Pattern finding in biomolecular data is also used in evolutionary studies, in order to analyze relationships that exist between species and establish if two, or several, biological macromolecules are homologous and to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree that links them to their common biological ancestor. On the other hand, with the new sequencing technologies, the number of biological sequences in databases is increasing exponentially. In addition, the lengths of these sequences are large. Hence, the finding of patterns in such databases requires the development of fast, low memory requirement and highperformance techniques and approaches. This issue contains very interesting papers that deal with pattern finding in Computational Molecular Biology.","PeriodicalId":74646,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences","volume":" ","pages":"None"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30923797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polymers for gene delivery: current status and future perspectives. 用于基因传递的聚合物:现状与未来展望。

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/187221512801327389

M R Rekha, Chandra P Sharma

引用次数: 13

Mini-review: spinocerebellar ataxias: an update of SCA genes. 小型综述:脊髓小脑共济失调:SCA基因的更新。

Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/187221512801327442

Alexis Trott, Lucien J Houenou

引用次数: 16