Public health research (Southampton, England)最新文献

{"title":"Public preferences for health and non-health outcomes of Universal Basic Income and alternative income-based policies: A mixed-method feasibility study.","authors":"Neil McHugh, David Bomark, Rachel Baker, Verity Watson, Neil Craig, Ruth Lightbody, Clare Bambra, Victoria McGowan, Cam Donaldson","doi":"10.3310/ALDS8846","DOIUrl":"10.3310/ALDS8846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The United Kingdom is experiencing worrying trends in population health. Policy needs to shift 'upstream' to address fundamental causes. Universal Basic Income has emerged as one response to tackling these health issues. A Universal Basic Income would provide a new form of societal safety net through a regular, unconditional cash payment to all individuals in society. However, with scarce public resources and competing upstream income-based policies, such as a Minimum Income Guarantee, implementing transformative initiatives, such as Universal Basic Income, without a public mandate is unlikely. Currently, we do not know the extent to which the general public value different income-based policies, including when wider impacts, such as health outcomes, are explicitly stated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This feasibility study had two broad aims. First, to determine which income-based policies to select for valuation, based on their importance to stakeholders and coverage of a range of characteristics and outcomes; second, to design and test a framework, and associated methods, for stated preference elicitation.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>Six income-based policy scenarios - Universal Basic Income, Minimum Income Guarantee, Negative Income Tax, Participation Income, Targeted Basic Income and Universal Credit - were identified and developed through literature searches, stakeholder interviews (<i>n</i> = 13) and consultation with our General Public Panel. Policy scenarios were described in terms of five policy characteristics and impact described qualitatively based on three outcomes - overall population health, health inequality and income inequality. Three trade-off-based stated preference methods - choice, ranking and willingness to pay - were used to elicit preferences. All methods adopted a socially inclusive perspective. Think-aloud and open-ended interview questions were asked to explore respondents' understanding of the survey methods and explore the reasons for respondents' decisions.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>For the main survey, 50 members of the general public were sampled across Glasgow and Newcastle using recruitment targets for age, gender, education, income, employment status, ethnicity, benefits, voting preferences and health status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents understood the policy scenarios, the perspective they were asked to adopt when constructing their values and the task they were asked to complete in each of the survey methods. Relatively few respondents had fully inconsistent preferences, there was no evidence of a labelling effect and introducing information on outcomes did not impact preferences. The type of policy seems to matter, with respondents making trade-offs between policy type and the outcomes of improving overall health, health inequalities and/or income inequalities; there is also evidence of preference heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Limi","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a research partnership for delivering palliative and end-of-life care for older people in rural and remote areas: a formative mixed-methods study.","authors":"Caroline Mogan, Nathan Davies, Karen Harrison Dening, Abigail Woodward, Caroline Watkins, Nigel Hartley, Mari Lloyd-Williams","doi":"10.3310/RWSG7439","DOIUrl":"10.3310/RWSG7439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many older people live in rural and remote areas. As the ageing population grows, conditions such as cancer, dementia and stroke will become more prevalent, causing a huge demand for palliative and end-of-life care. However, evidence regarding models of care and interventions in rural and remote areas is limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>A new United Kingdom rural palliative care partnership was funded for 12 months. It aimed to understand the models of palliative and end-of-life care for older people with cancer, dementia and stroke in rural/remote areas across all four nations of the United Kingdom. It also aimed to identify the core priorities for research into rurality and palliative care for older people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The project consisted of three integrated components, including: (1) a scoping review of relevant literature on rural palliative care for older people with cancer, dementia and stroke; (2) stakeholder engagement workshops using a modified Nominal Groups Technique and (3) qualitative interviews with family carers who supported rural-/remote-dwelling older adults towards the end of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our scoping review was undertaken in 2022. The search identified 1128 unique citations, of which five papers were included. There were no United Kingdom studies on models of palliative and end-of-life care delivered to older people with cancer, dementia or stroke within rural/remote locations. However, international models of care were identified. Models included technological interventions to reach those in remote locations, the role of palliative care nurses and the use of volunteers. Articles highlighted the importance of not replacing face-to-face care with technology for ease of reaching more people and emphasised the importance of effective interdisciplinary working in rural and remote palliative care. Additionally, three online workshops to develop research capacity, identify models of care, understand issues of rurality and determine research priorities were attended by 15-20 stakeholders. Qualitative interviews were also undertaken with 20 family carers who had supported rural-/remote-dwelling older adults at their end of life. Data identified that rural/remote communities face challenges in accessing palliative and end-of-life care due to issues such as transport to and distance from services, poor broadband coverage and problems with workforce recruitment and retention. Synthesising the data from these methods helped to identify some interventions and models of care for palliative and end-of-life care for older people in rural and remote areas. It also helped us to jointly shape and develop research priorities, which included workforce planning and service composition, facilitating preferred place of death and the role of technology. However, there are gaps in our understanding about how to improve the family carer support as well as digital literacy ","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"115-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building research capacity and capability to enhance the quality of living and dying addressing advancing frailty through integrated care: the ALLIANCE partnership.","authors":"Sarah Combes, Rowan H Harwood, Louise Bramley, Nadia Brookes, Adam L Gordon, Diane Laverty, Julie MacInnes, Emily McKean, Shannon Milne, Heather Richardson, Joy Ross, Emily Sills, Caroline J Nicholson","doi":"10.3310/ACMW2401","DOIUrl":"10.3310/ACMW2401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty affects around 10% of people aged over 65 years, increasing to 65% of those over 90 years. This number is increasing. Older people with frailty are projected to become the largest future users of care services as they near end of life. Living with frailty increases vulnerability to sudden deterioration, fluctuating capacity and mortality risk. This leads to complex needs, requiring integrated care, and an approach orientated towards living with, as well as dying from, advancing frailty. However, accessing care in a timely manner can be difficult.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To develop a sustainable, cross-sectoral partnership to: identify priorities to improve integrated care delivery, and care transitions, for older people with advancing frailty develop organisations in which to conduct research submit study proposal(s) for funding.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish Partnership infrastructure and identify key contacts across palliative and end-of-life care. To understand the strengths, weaknesses, barriers and enablers of research readiness and clinical services for people with advancing frailty. To support provider services to become research ready. To establish Partnership-wide research questions and develop research proposals.</p><p><strong>Activities: </strong>The Partnership brought together experts, by profession or experience (<i>n</i> = 244), across specialist palliative and geriatric care and local government, to improve the delivery of integrated care for older people with advancing frailty as they near end of life. Members included older people with frailty, unpaid carers, health, social and voluntary care professionals and academics, across the East Midlands, South East England and South West London. A survey of key contacts (<i>n</i> = 76) mapped and scoped the Partnership's strengths, weaknesses, barriers and enablers of services for people with advancing frailty, and service providers' research readiness. Forty-six key contacts responded. Most worked in the East Midlands (59%), in health care (70%) and in the community (58%). Survey findings were used to develop a service framework and to create a short list of potential research questions. Questions were refined and prioritised through coproduction with frail older people (<i>n</i> = 21), unpaid carer representatives (<i>n</i> = 7), health, social and voluntary care professionals (<i>n</i> = 11) and care home representatives (<i>n</i> = 3). The question chosen for bid development focused on ensuring what matters most to older people with frailty informs service development. This bid is currently being written. Partnership members were also supported to develop research readiness and enhance meaningful patient and public involvement by the development and curation of multiple resources.</p><p><strong>Reflections: </strong>This work was challenging. The Partnership enabled the collaboration of diverse stakeholders and fostered ","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"57-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing research collaborations and building capacity in palliative and end-of-life care in the North West Coast of England: the PalCaRe-NWC partnership.","authors":"Lesley Dunleavy, Ruth Board, Seamus Coyle, Andrew Dickman, John Ellershaw, Amy Gadoud, Jaime Halvorsen, Nick Hulbert-Williams, Liz Lightbody, Stephen Mason, Amara Callistus Nwosu, Andrea Partridge, Sheila Payne, Nancy Preston, Brooke Swash, Vanessa Taylor, Catherine Walshe","doi":"10.3310/AWLT2995","DOIUrl":"10.3310/AWLT2995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The North West Coast area of England (Lancashire, Merseyside, Cheshire and South Cumbria) has high palliative care need (third highest prevalence in England) and historically low recorded National Institute for Health and Care Research research activity (second lowest research recruitment rate in England). To stimulate research activity, a new research partnership was formed to support and encourage palliative care research, funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research from January 2022 until June 2023.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a sustainable palliative care research partnership infrastructure across the North West Coast. To work with palliative care providers, patients and the public, and research staff to further understand local barriers and facilitators to palliative and end-of-life care research, and develop and implement solutions to these barriers. To build capacity in palliative and end-of-life care research through the mentorship of emerging research leaders and share expertise across organisations. To facilitate the development of high-quality research grant applications.</p><p><strong>Activities: </strong>Phased activities were planned and actioned throughout the funded period to develop and embed an active palliative care research partnership across the region. These included: a survey and working groups to rapidly identify current local barriers to research and their sustainable solutions; individual and group support activities to build research capabilities and capacity; development and submission of high-quality, clinically relevant research proposals to the National Institute for Health and Care Research and other funders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survey participants (<i>n</i> = 293) were mainly from clinical settings (71%), with 45% being nurses. While around three-quarters of participants were not research active, most wanted to increase their involvement. Key barriers identified from both the survey and working groups (<i>n</i> = 20 professional participants) included: lack of organisational research culture and capacity (including prioritisation and available time); research knowledge (including skills/expertise and funding opportunities); research infrastructure (including collaborative opportunities across multiple organisations and governance challenges); and patient and public perceptions of research (including vulnerabilities and burdens). Based on these findings, the partnership is working with national stakeholders to develop user-friendly resources to facilitate hospice-based research. Three action learning sets, that met several times (<i>n</i> = 15 staff), and two networking events (<i>n</i> = 78 participants) took place to facilitate collaboration and research capacity building. Eleven research grant applications totalling £5,435,967 were submitted as a direct result of partnership activities between January 2022 and June 2023.</p><p><stron","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"101-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population health and health sector cost impacts of the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy: a modelling study.","authors":"Linda J Cobiac, Cherry Law, Richard Smith, Steven Cummins, Harry Rutter, Mike Rayner, Oliver Mytton, Adam D M Briggs, Henning Tarp Jensen, Marcus Keogh-Brown, Jean Adams, Martin White, Peter Scarborough","doi":"10.3310/GJMW1501","DOIUrl":"10.3310/GJMW1501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The United Kingdom Soft Drinks Industry Levy was introduced in April 2018, resulting both in changes in sugar levels in drinks and purchases of drinks. Both mechanisms could impact on the incidence and prevalence of raised body weight, diabetes and diet-related diseases, and therefore, have implications for economic costs to the health sector.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To model future impacts of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy on population health and health sector costs and to estimate net monetary benefit to the health system.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>Proportional multistate lifetable modelling study - open and closed cohort analyses.</p><p><strong>Setting and population: </strong>All children and adults in the United Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The Soft Drinks Industry Levy is a two-tier levy of £0.18/l on drinks with between 5 and 8 g of total sugars/100 ml and of £0.24/l on drinks with ≥ 8 g of total sugars/100 ml.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>We evaluated impact of the sugar reduction on: (1) prevalence of overweight and obesity, obesity-related diseases and dental health out to 2050 and (2) lifetime population health (measured in quality-adjusted life-years), change in costs to the health sector and the resulting net monetary benefit.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We estimated a per person reduction in sugar from a previously published interrupted time series analysis, which found an 8.0 g/household/week (95% confidence interval 2.4 to 13.6) reduction in sugar at 1 year after implementation. Our multistate lifetable model is parameterised using data from population health monitoring surveys, the Global Burden of Disease project, the Human Mortality Database and the Office for National Statistics. Health sector costs were obtained from Department of Health and Social Care budget allocations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model predicts that the Soft Drinks Industry Levy will reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United Kingdom by 0.18% points (95% uncertainty interval: 0.059 to 0.31) for males and by 0.20% points (0.064 to 0.34) for females. In the first 10 years of implementation, the reductions in sugar and overweight/obesity are predicted to prevent 270,000 (35,000-600,000) dental caries, 12,000 (3700-20,000) cases of type 2 diabetes, 3800 (1200-6700) cases of cardiovascular diseases and 350 (110-590) cases of obesity-related cancer. For the current United Kingdom population, it is estimated that the Soft Drinks Industry Levy will add 200,000 quality-adjusted life-years (63,500-342,000) over their lifetime and avert £174 million (£53.6-319) in their costs of health care (discounted at United Kingdom Treasury rates). At a United Kingdom Treasury value of £60,000 per quality-adjusted life-year, it is estimated that the Soft Drinks Industry Levy will produce a net monetary benefit of £12.2 billion (£3.88-20.8) for the he","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"45-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conducting a large-scale randomised controlled trial in children's social care: reflections on challenges, successes and lessons learned from the Reflective Fostering Study.","authors":"Karen Irvine, Beth Rider, Caroline Cresswell, Shayma Izzidien, Erika Sims, Caroline Smith, Rachael Stemp, Nick Midgley","doi":"10.3310/GJNM1603","DOIUrl":"10.3310/GJNM1603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research in Children's Social Care in the United Kingdom operates in a framework that was initially designed to support medical research within healthcare settings. Although adaptations to this framework have been made for social care settings, our experience suggested that significant systemic and organisational challenges to conducting large-scale randomised controlled trials in fostering services in the United Kingdom still remain, which work against the likelihood of such studies being completed successfully. A further challenge we faced was that that many fostering services were relatively inexperienced with research and lacked the infrastructure to support it.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report on the opportunities, obstacles and challenges faced when conducting a trial evaluating foster care support in a children's social care setting and to describe how those working on this research project came together to adapt the existing systems and processes and overcome the challenges.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The Reflective Fostering Study was a randomised controlled trial evaluating an intervention to help foster carers care for the children they look after.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Local authority and independent fostering services in the United Kingdom. The main study recruited 524 foster carers and kinship carers. The main study was evaluating the Reflective Fostering Programme, a group intervention designed to improve reflective functioning in foster and kinship carers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main challenges identified in this study were lack of infrastructure, both within fostering organisations and outside, a lack of capacity, and on occasion, unnecessary bureaucracy. Working with fostering sites, the Clinical Research Network and across collaborating partners, we were able to make changes to existing processes so that the governance and oversight of the study were proportionate and the workload for our sites was minimised. Identifying likely departments to obtain key approvals, working with local Clinical Research Networks and providing templates made the site set-up process faster and supported recruitment.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The challenges reported were those encountered by a study that took place in fostering services in the United Kingdom. The challenges faced, and solutions identified, may not be mirrored in other sectors of children's social care, or other countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Carrying out high-quality clinical trials within fostering services in the United Kingdom can face significant barriers. There has been a move to address these issues, but our study suggests that more could be done so that research in these settings increases. Ongoing review of the regulatory framework, which is designed to ensure best practice for research in children's social care, could ensure that research governance is proportiona","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"293-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature-based interventions to support mental health and well-being of young women in pregnancy: exploratory work for future feasibility RCT.","authors":"Gina Sands, Holly Blake, Tim Carter, Helen Spiby","doi":"10.3310/NPGR3411","DOIUrl":"10.3310/NPGR3411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of mental health and well-being issues among young women is increasing. Pregnancy is a time when new mental health challenges may arise, or existing conditions can be exacerbated. This project presents preparatory work on how nature-based interventions may help to support the mental health and well-being of young pregnant women (aged 16-24 years) in a future study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This project was formed of three main phases conducted from March to August 2022: (1) mapping nature activities available across the East Midlands region and two focus groups with providers of nature activities (<i>n</i> = 6); (2) public participation and involvement work to inform future research. This included four focus groups with young women (<i>n</i> = 11), leading to the formation of a new young women's panel (Research Influencers Group). Networking and stakeholder engagement to support future research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mapping survey identified 68 nature-based organisations/projects operating in the region, many of whom expressed interest in being involved in future research. The young women's focus groups confirmed the importance of the topic and generated a wealth of information to support the intervention design. A Research Influencer Group of five young women was established from the focus group participants. The Research Influencer Group chose the nature-based intervention and had input into all aspects of the study design. This group will continue into future projects. Focus groups with providers of nature activities have further advanced the study design. The project team have developed relationships with relevant stakeholders and networks that will inform the future trial.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preparatory co-design work suggested that a nature-based intervention may be acceptable to young women, and providers of such interventions felt it was feasible to offer these activities to young pregnant women. This preparatory work has led to an outline research plan which has been co-produced with public contributors and stakeholders throughout.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This preparatory work is limited by small focus group samples, and the possibility that not all providers were reached through the snowballing approach to the mapping survey.</p><p><strong>Future work: </strong>Future research is needed to test the nature-based intervention; this would be in the form of a feasibility randomised controlled trial of nature-based interventions to promote the mental health and well-being of young pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme as award number NIHR135167.</p>","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"309-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138886713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building multi-professional UK partnerships and networks to improve access to palliative care for people experiencing homelessness.","authors":"Briony Hudson, Jodie Crooks, Caroline Shulman, Kate Flemming","doi":"10.3310/JWRG6933","DOIUrl":"10.3310/JWRG6933","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;People experiencing homelessness have high rates of multi-morbidity and age-related conditions at a young age. Despite having high support needs, they have disparately low access to palliative care services and often die at a young age. To facilitate access to support for this group towards the end of life, a multi-professional approach should be taken. Over recent years, clinical and research activities have begun to address this issue. However, until now, there has been no centralised United Kingdom-based group to facilitate collaboration and shared learning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To build multi-professional partnerships across the United Kingdom to promote shared learning and a multidisciplinary approach to supporting people experiencing homelessness who may be approaching the end of their lives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;This project had three workstreams: (1) development of a Palliative Care and Homelessness Extensions of Community Healthcare Outcomes network; (2) a rapid review around involving people with experience of multiple exclusion in palliative and end-of-life care research; and (3) a qualitative study to identify recommendations for involving people with lived experience of homelessness in future palliative and end-of-life care research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: workstream 1: &lt;/strong&gt;A National Palliative Care and Homelessness Extensions of Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) network was successfully established in the UK, with 10 sessions running over 12 months. A total of 268 people registered to the network, with an average of 52 participants per session. Evaluation of the network illustrated positive experiences and appetite for continuation of the network. The majority of attendees surveyed (78%) agreed that the network had increased their awareness of complexities and challenges faced by people experiencing homelessness and 85% of respondents reported better connections with others who are interested in or are working in this field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Workstream 2: &lt;/strong&gt;A rapid review was conducted to summarise existing evidence and reflections on co-producing palliative care research with inclusion health groups, including people with lived experience of homelessness. Given the scarcity of existing research within this area, the review provided a starting point from which to explore the successes and challenges of co-research in this field. The review advocates for greater guidance around the involvement of people with lived experience of homelessness in palliative and end-of-life care research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Workstream 3: &lt;/strong&gt;Professionals with experience of involving people experiencing homelessness in their work were interviewed (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 16), and focus groups were held with people with lived experience of homelessness (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11). Recommendations were co-developed to support researchers to involve people with lived experience of homelessness in their palliative and end","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing rates of low mood and anxiety among adolescent girls: Co-production of programme theories with adolescent girls and professionals.","authors":"Rebecca Jefferson, Ola Demkowicz, Pratyasha Nanda, Lucy Foulkes, Steven Pryjmachuk, Bernadka Dubicka, Laura Anne Winter, Liz Neill, Rhiannon Evans","doi":"10.3310/GJOD1728","DOIUrl":"10.3310/GJOD1728","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;From early adolescence, girls face greater risk of experiencing low mood and anxiety, with recent evidence that this may be worsening. This is increasingly recognised as a critical public health issue, with an imperative for research that meaningfully progresses our understanding of how to reduce the risk of these experiences, including research that asks adolescent girls themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;We set out to explore what adolescent girls think can be done to reduce rates of low mood and anxiety among their population, and to understand how such options can be enacted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We adopted a coproduced qualitative design, conducting focus groups in 2022 with 32 adolescent girls aged 16-18 years in England. We analysed data with content analysis to construct candidate 'programme theories', or models for intervention, and refined these through discussion with four professionals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We produced five candidate programme theories: (A) social media education and campaigning, (B) school staff training and culture change on gender stereotypes, (C) comprehensive approach to sexual harassment in schools, (D) social hobby spaces in schools and/or communities and (E) relationally grounded whole-school approach to mental health and well-being. Guided by the Medical Research Council guidance for complex interventions, for each we describe required resources, activities, mechanisms, outcomes and key considerations for context and successful implementation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitations: &lt;/strong&gt;While the study offers valuable, coproduced insights into adolescent girls' mental health, limitations include a relatively small and self-selecting adolescent sample and under-representation of certain demographic groups, which may have meant some perspectives were not included; a small sample size of professional participants which may have limited discussion and affected transferability of insights across varied contexts and approaches to mental health provision; limited engagement with wider stakeholder groups which could have augmented and contextualised findings more deeply, and context-specific constraints such as recruitment in England only and timing of data collection (shortly before high-stakes exams following COVID-19 restrictions) that may affect wider applicability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;These coproduced candidate programme theories provide valuable insights on opportunities to develop, extend and challenge the ways in which we currently work to improve the mental health of adolescent girls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Future work: &lt;/strong&gt;Future research should employ multimethod, participatory approaches across diverse populations and contexts to refine and test these youth-informed programme theories and explore their implementation in varied educational, social and cultural settings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Funding: &lt;/strong&gt;This article presents independe","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"341-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health, social and economic impacts of the UK Treasury Soft Drinks Industry Levy: a synopsis of a systems-thinking informed multi-method evaluation.","authors":"Catrin Pedder Jones, Jean Adams, Peter Scarborough, Richard Smith, Steven Cummins, Harry Rutter, Adam Briggs, Oliver Mytton, Richard Harrington, Mike Rayner, Nina Rogers, Linda Cobiac, Cherry Law, Marcus Keogh-Brown, Henning Tarp Jensen, David Pell, Tarra Penney, Laura Cornelsen, Martin White","doi":"10.3310/GJMW1923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GJMW1923","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;In March 2016, a tiered tax was announced on industries manufacturing or importing sugar-sweetened beverages in the United Kingdom. The Soft Drinks Industry Levy was implemented in April 2018 with two tiers: £0.18/l on drinks containing ≥ 5 g/100 ml and &lt; 8 g/100 ml of added sugar, £0.24/l on drinks containing ≥ 8 g/100 ml of added sugar, with no levy on drinks containing &lt; 5 g/100 ml of added sugar. The Soft Drinks Industry Levy is a complex intervention that acts as a disruptor in the commercial food system. As such, it demanded an evaluation that went beyond a narrow focus on a single outcome to incorporate assessment of a range of theorised intervention effects and their dynamic inter-relationships, taking a 'systems' perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;We undertook formative work over 6 months to underpin the evaluation, leading to five work packages, which aimed to evaluate: Work package 1: impacts on formulation, marketing, prices, purchases and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, and early health impacts. Work package 2: estimated impacts on medium- to long-term health outcomes. Work package 3: estimated economic impacts on food and other industries, His Majesty's Treasury, health and social care systems. Work package 4: impacts on key stakeholders: the public, policy-makers and industry. Work package 5: the wider implications of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy in a synthesis of all findings and other evaluations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Work package 1 adopted a natural experimental evaluation design and used quantitative methods, including interrupted time series analysis. Work package 2 employed epidemiological modelling to simulate longer-term health outcomes. Work package 3 used micro- and macroeconomic modelling to estimate the net costs and benefits of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy and to simulate longer-term economic outcomes. Work package 4 used qualitative methods to explore acceptability and impacts of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy for diverse stakeholders. Work package 5 synthesised findings from this and other evaluations of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy and identified implications for policy and further research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our evaluation shows that the Soft Drinks Industry Levy: incentivised reduction in sugar purchased in soft drinks and in food and drinks overall; was associated with reduced inequalities in sugar purchased from soft drinks, with a 1.6% point reduction in prevalence of obesity in Year 6 girls, and with a 12% reduction in hospital admissions for carious tooth extractions in children and adolescents up to 18 years; was viewed favourably by policy-makers and the public; and did not have lasting negative impacts on the economic performance of soft drinks companies. Based on changes in sugar consumption observed, epidemiological modelling suggested that the Soft Drinks Industry Levy will lead to health gains and to net monetary benefit ","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":"14 22","pages":"1-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}