Public health research (Southampton, England)最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of text message and financial incentives for weight management in men with obesity: The Game of Stones RCT.","authors":"Lisa Macaulay, Catriona O'Dolan, Stephan Dombrowski, James Swingler, Seonaidh Cotton, Alison Avenell, Dwayne Boyers, Abraham M Getaneh, Cindy Gray, Kate Hunt, Frank Kee, Alice MacLean, Michelle McKinley, Claire Torrens, Katrina Turner, Marjon van der Pol, Graeme MacLennan, Pat Hoddinott","doi":"10.3310/GJPH0909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GJPH0909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Men with obesity infrequently engage with weight management services.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine: (1) percentage weight loss at 12 and 24 months for text messages with or without financial incentives compared to control; (2) secondary outcomes; (3) cost-effectiveness; (4) moderators of effectiveness and (5) participant and stakeholder perspectives.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>Assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial. United Kingdom National Health Service perspective cost-effectiveness over 24 months and modelled lifetime horizon. Mixed-methods process evaluation.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Five hundred and eighty-five men with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> enrolled (July 2021-May 2022) in Belfast, Bristol and Glasgow; final follow-up June 2024.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Random allocation to 12 months of behavioural text messages plus financial incentives (<i>N</i> = 196), same texts alone (<i>N</i> = 194) or 12-month waiting list control group offered 3 months of texts between 12 and 15 months (<i>N</i> = 195). A £400 financial incentive was lost if weight loss targets were not met.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Weight change as a percentage of baseline weight at 12 and 24 months comparing control with (1) texts with financial incentives and (2) texts alone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 585 men (mean age 51 years; mean weight: 119 kg), 227 (39%) lived in lower socioeconomic areas, 146 (25%) reported a mental health condition and 253 (40%) had multiple long-term conditions. Follow-up was completed by 426 (73%) at 12 months and 377 (64%) at 24 months. At 12 months, mean percentage weight changes (standard deviation) were -4.8% (6.1) (-5.7 kg), -2.7% (6.3) (-3.0 kg), and - 1.3% (5.5) (-1.5 kg) for the incentives, text-only, and control groups, respectively. Compared to control, weight loss was significantly greater with incentives [-3.2% (97.5% confidence interval -4.6 to -1.9; <i>p</i> < 0.001)] but not texts alone (-1.4%; confidence interval -2.9 to 0.0; <i>p</i> = 0.053). At 24 months, changes were -3.9% (-4.6 kg), -2.6% (-3.1 kg), and -2.2% (-2.6 kg), no significant between-group differences. Intervention costs were £243 for texts with incentives, £110 for texts alone. There were no significant differences between 24-month costs and quality-adjusted life-years. Long-term modelling found texts with incentives versus control were: quality-adjusted life-year difference (95% confidence interval): 0.02 (0.007 to 0.029); cost difference: £176 (£43; £311); incremental cost-effectiveness ratio: £9748 (£7705 to £11,791). For texts alone versus control: quality-adjusted life-year difference: 0.03 (0.015 to 0.037); cost difference: £16.5 (-£117; £152); incremental cost-effectiveness ratio: £628 (-£5914 to £5384). There were no moderator effects for socioeconomic, health or well-being status for either comparison versus co","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":"14 10","pages":"1-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing rates of low mood and anxiety among adolescent girls: Co-production of programme theories with adolescent girls and professionals.","authors":"Rebecca Jefferson, Ola Demkowicz, Pratyasha Nanda, Lucy Foulkes, Steven Pryjmachuk, Bernadka Dubicka, Laura Anne Winter, Liz Neill, Rhiannon Evans","doi":"10.3310/GJOD1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GJOD1728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>From early adolescence, girls face greater risk of experiencing low mood and anxiety, with recent evidence that this may be worsening. This is increasingly recognised as a critical public health issue, with an imperative for research that meaningfully progresses our understanding of how to reduce the risk of these experiences, including research that asks adolescent girls themselves.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We set out to explore what adolescent girls think can be done to reduce rates of low mood and anxiety among their population, and to understand how such options can be enacted.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>We adopted a coproduced qualitative design, conducting focus groups in 2022 with 32 adolescent girls aged 16-18 years in England. We analysed data with content analysis to construct candidate 'programme theories', or models for intervention, and refined these through discussion with four professionals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We produced five candidate programme theories: (A) social media education and campaigning, (B) school staff training and culture change on gender stereotypes, (C) comprehensive approach to sexual harassment in schools, (D) social hobby spaces in schools and/or communities and (E) relationally grounded whole-school approach to mental health and well-being. Guided by the Medical Research Council guidance for complex interventions, for each we describe required resources, activities, mechanisms, outcomes and key considerations for context and successful implementation.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>While the study offers valuable, coproduced insights into adolescent girls' mental health, limitations include a relatively small and self-selecting adolescent sample and under-representation of certain demographic groups, which may have meant some perspectives were not included; a small sample size of professional participants which may have limited discussion and affected transferability of insights across varied contexts and approaches to mental health provision; limited engagement with wider stakeholder groups which could have augmented and contextualised findings more deeply, and context-specific constraints such as recruitment in England only and timing of data collection (shortly before high-stakes exams following COVID-19 restrictions) that may affect wider applicability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These coproduced candidate programme theories provide valuable insights on opportunities to develop, extend and challenge the ways in which we currently work to improve the mental health of adolescent girls.</p><p><strong>Future work: </strong>Future research should employ multimethod, participatory approaches across diverse populations and contexts to refine and test these youth-informed programme theories and explore their implementation in varied educational, social and cultural settings.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This article presents independe","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of vaping and smoking on nicotine intake and toxicant exposure among youth in England compared with youth in North America.","authors":"Ann McNeill, Deborah Robson, David Hammond, Jessica L Reid, Maciej L Goniewicz, Ashleigh C Block, Richard J O'Connor, Maria Nikolaidou, Eve Taylor, Katherine East, Eileen Brobbin, Sarah Aleyan, Marzena Orzol, Kirstie Soar, John Robins, Leonie S Brose","doi":"10.3310/GJAM3822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GJAM3822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Youth vaping prevalence varies across countries and may be related to differing regulations/products. The emergence of cheap disposable vapes and high-concentration nicotine salts heightened concerns related to youth's ease of access, dependence and potential health risks.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined youth in England versus Canada and the United States and: how patterns of vaping/smoking varied, given the countries' different regulatory frameworks nicotine and potential toxicant exposure in youth who vape, smoke or do neither in youth who use salt and free-base nicotine respiratory symptom reporting.</p><p><strong>Design, methods, setting and participants: </strong>Objectives 1 and 4: Repeated cross-sectional surveys (International Tobacco Control Youth Tobacco and Vaping Surveys), England, Canada, United States, 2017-22, <i>N</i> = 1355-39,214, 16- to 19-year-olds, or 16- to 29-year-olds, depending on analysis. Objectives 2 and 3: International Tobacco Control Biomarker Sub-Study, England, Canada, United States, 2019-22, 16- to 19-year-olds, <i>N</i> = 364 and England-only Biomarker Sub-Study, 2022-3, 16- to 19-year-olds, <i>N</i> = 201. Past-week users and past 30-day non-users were tested.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None, comparisons based on vaping/smoking status.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Objective 1: Vape flavours, nicotine concentration, product types, brands used. Objectives 2 and 3: Urinary biomarkers, normalised for creatinine; tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK (NNAL); volatile organic compounds (VOCs): acrolein (3HPMA), acrylamide (2CaHEMA), acrylonitrile (2CyEMA), benzene (PhMA), toluene (BzMA), xylene (24MPhMA); nicotine: cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3-HC), total nicotine equivalents. Objective 4: Self-reporting any of 5 past-week respiratory symptoms (e.g. cough and dyspnoea).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Objective 1: Usual flavours were unchanged after 2020 United States pod-based vape flavour restrictions. Youth used exempt brands/products. Simultaneously, disposable vape use increased. In England, in 2022, 48% of 16- to 29-year-olds who vaped in past 30 days used Elf Bar brands, mainly for subjective responses (e.g. flavour/taste), rather than quitting smoking. Nicotine concentrations varied cross-country. Objectives 1, 2 and 3: Compared to smoking tobacco (exclusive or alongside vaping), exclusive vaping was associated with: similar nicotine exposure (those using nicotine salts had higher levels of nicotine metabolites vs. free-base/unknown); lower exposure to NNK, acrolein, acrylamide and acrylonitrile, but higher toluene exposure (than dual use). Compared with not vaping/smoking, exclusive vaping was associated with similar exposure to acrolein and acrylonitrile and higher exposure to toluene and acrylamide (past 24-hour sensitivity analysis). Benzene and xylene biomarkers were detected in < 5% of urine samples. Some country-level biomar","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":"14 7","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of a Victim Improvement Package (VIP) for the Reduction of Chronic Symptoms of Depression or Anxiety in Older Victims of Community-Crime: the VIP RCT Synopsis.","authors":"Marc Serfaty, Jessica Satchell, Anthony Kessel, Christopher Brewin, Marta Buszewicz, Jo Billings, Teresa Lee, Victoria Vickerstaff, Rachael Hunter, Monica Panca, Jonathan Cooke, Gerard Leavey, Vari Drennan, Gloria Laycock","doi":"10.3310/KGMR6521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/KGMR6521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the psychological impact of community crime in older victims, whether signposting to their general practitioner is helpful, or the barriers and facilitators to help-seeking. Previous pilot work suggested that a 'cognitive-behavioural therapy'-informed Victim Improvement Package showed promise for treating psychological distress in older victims, but further evaluation was needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was undertaken between June 2017 and June 2023 in selected areas of a United Kingdom city using Safer Neighbourhood Teams. Safer Neighbourhood Teams consist of a group of police personnel, working across several local authority areas, who are dedicated to managing victims in the community. Within 2 months of the crime, police Safer Neighbourhood Teams screened 3192 victims, aged 65 or over who had reported a crime, for psychological distress using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-2 and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 items. Those identified as distressed were advised (signposted) by the police to seek help from their general practitioner. The impact of signposting was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative methods. At 3 months post crime, 877 older victims were reassessed by our researchers and, if still distressed, invited to participate in a randomised controlled trial. This compared the addition of our Victim Improvement Package to treatment as usual against treatment as usual alone. The Victim Improvement Package used a manual to guide our talking therapy (cognitive-behavioural therapy), delivered individually and weekly, for up to an hour by a mental health charity. Up to 10 sessions were offered.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The Beck Depression Inventory, version 2, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory, combined in a composite score, were used to evaluate clinical effectiveness. Measures were collected at baseline (3 months post crime), post intervention (primary end point) and follow-up; 6 and 9 months post crime, respectively. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions and a modified Client Service Receipt Inventory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The police screened 24% of older victims (<i>n</i> = 17,611) in our selected areas. A third of the police-screened victims were significantly distressed, and for those we rescreened at 3 months post crime, almost half remained distressed. Few distressed older victims (13%) approached their general practitioner (barriers included wait times and personal beliefs they should cope), and only a third of those who did so received help. One hundred and thirty-one participants were randomised (65 = Victim Improvement Package; 66 = treatment as usual) at 3 months post crime. The primary outcome was completed in 87 (66.4%). The Victim Improvement Package was acceptable to participants, although it was not possible to recruit our target sample of 226, because of a number of hurdles, which included changes in pol","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":"14 8","pages":"1-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The health and health inequalities impact of a place-based community wealth initiative, a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Ben Barr, Tanith Rose, Konstantinos Daras, Ioannis Prinos, Mick Mckeown, Julian Manley, Emma Halliday, Rubab Ahmed, Bruce Hollingsworth, Vincent O'Sullivan, Tom Lloyd Goodwin","doi":"10.3310/GJBB2107","DOIUrl":"10.3310/GJBB2107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Regional economic disparities in the United Kingdom lead to large differences in health. Previous attempts to address this issue have had limited success. Community Wealth Building is an economic strategy that aims to address these inequalities by redirecting wealth back into the local economy and increasing community control over the economy. The City of Preston initiated a Community Wealth Building strategy in 2012. We investigate the health impact of this approach in Preston up to 2019, a period during which their strategy largely focused on progressive procurement and the adoption of the Living Wage by employers within Preston.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimate the impact of Community Wealth Building in Preston on mental health problems as measured by the Small Area Mental Health Index and its constituent components (antidepressants, depression diagnoses and mental health-related hospital attendances), self-reported life satisfaction, wages, employment and the number of non-profit enterprises. We use matching and difference-in-differences analysis to compare changes in outcomes in Preston before and after the intervention with changes in the outcomes in comparison areas. We use data on invoices and contracts issued by local authorities to compare procurement by Preston City Council with other similar local authorities, assessing the impact of local procurement on employment, wages and the cost of contracts. Finally, we use a combination of interviews and workshops to understand the process of change that has taken place in Preston and what has helped or hindered this.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that, in Preston, the introduction of Community Wealth Building was associated with a reduction in mental health problems (-0.11 reduction in Small Area Mental Health Index, 95% confidence interval -0.16 to -0.06) alongside improvements in life satisfaction (0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 1.3), wages (£38 per week, 95% confidence interval £6.8 to £62.1), employment (4.1%, 95% confidence interval 2.3% to 5.8%) and a growth in non-profit enterprises (additional 20 enterprises 95% confidence interval 6 to 50). These economic improvements tended to be greatest among more disadvantaged groups, reducing inequalities. Preston City Council was much more likely to procure services from local suppliers compared to other similar local authorities, and this practice is likely to have contributed to these economic benefits. We found no evidence that procuring locally increased costs. Stakeholders in Preston highlighted that economic pathways to health impact were the most developed particularly in relation to procurement policy, while the community pathways to impact were less developed. Lack of widespread public involvement and engagement with smaller Voluntary, Community, Faith and Social Enterprise organisations in Preston had arguably limited the potential impact of Community Wealth Building in Pres","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":"14 9","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sexual health and healthy relationships intervention for Further Education (SaFE): a synopsis of results from a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial including an assessment of the feasibility of record linkage and a health economic analysis.","authors":"Honor Young, Rhys Williams-Thomas, Rabeea'h Waseem Aslam, Julia Townson, Ruth Lewis, Lauren Copeland, Jason Madan, G J Melendez-Torres, Fiona Lugg-Widger, Philip Pallmann, Muhammad Riaz, Rachel Brown, Chris Bonell, GemmaS Morgan, James White","doi":"10.3310/GJHY3724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GJHY3724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor sexual health, dating and relationship violence and sexual harassment pose significant public health concerns, especially for young people. There is potential for short- and long-term adverse medical, social, educational and economic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To optimise the intervention materials and examine the acceptability of implementing, trialling and estimating the cost of the Sexual health and healthy relationships for Further Education (SaFE) intervention, including an assessment of the feasibility of record linkage and a health economic analysis.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>Optimisation of intervention materials followed by two-arm repeated cross-sectional pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of the SaFE intervention compared to usual practice, including a process evaluation and a health economic assessment.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Optimisation took place using an iterative process with a series of key stakeholders. The pilot cluster randomised controlled trial took place in eight Further Education settings in South Wales and the West of England, United Kingdom. Participants included Further Education students and staff, and sexual health nurses.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The SaFE intervention had three components: (1) onsite access to sexual health and relationship services provided by sexual health nurses available for 2 hours, 2 days per week; (2) publicity about these services; and (3) Further Education staff training on how to promote sexual health, and recognise, prevent and respond to dating and relationship violence and sexual harassment.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The primary outcome was feasibility, assessing whether the study met progression criteria relating to: (1) Further Education setting and student recruitment; (2) the acceptability of the intervention; and (3) qualitative data and documentary evidence from students, staff and sexual health nurses on acceptability, fidelity of implementation and receipt. We also assessed the completeness of primary, secondary and intermediate outcome measures and estimated cost of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three of the four progression criteria were met. Eight Further Education settings were recruited, randomised and retained. Of students approached, 60.7% (1124/1852) at baseline and 51.9% (1139/2193) at 12-month follow-up completed the questionnaire (target 60%). Over 80% of onsite sexual health services were attended by a nurse; onsite publicity about sexual health services was observed at all intervention settings; and 137 staff were trained. The SaFE intervention was viewed positively by students, staff and nurses but needed more time to embed. The prevalence of self-reported unprotected sex at last intercourse was 15.5% at baseline and 18.7% at follow-up. There was evidence of floor effects in the measure of dating and relationshi","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":"14 6","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NIHR Public Health Research Review Programme (2019-2025).","authors":"Elizabeth Goyder, Andrew Booth, Katie Lewis, Lindsay Blank, Emma Hock, Mark Clowes, Anna Cantrell, Sarah Salway, Fiona Campbell","doi":"10.3310/GDJR8546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GDJR8546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Public Health Review Team, University of Sheffield, was commissioned to deliver a programme of public health evidence synthesis projects. The review programme (2019-25) provided a unique opportunity to develop effective and efficient processes to maximise the value and impact of evidence synthesis for public health practitioners, policy-makers, commissioners and research funders.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The overall purpose of the programme was to deliver evidence reviews that could inform the commissioning of further primary research and directly inform public health policy and practice. This synopsis summarises the programme content and reflects on lessons learnt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diverse appropriate methods were used for individual reviews to ensure the timely and efficient production of evidence synthesis products that were as useful as possible to the relevant stakeholders and decision-makers. These included an umbrella review (review of reviews), mapping reviews, systematic reviews, rapid reviews and evidence briefings. The majority of reviews were informed by both public and practitioner involvement, from defining the review questions and identification of relevant evidence to interpreting and disseminating the findings. Both established public panels and topic-specific groups with relevant lived experience recruited for individual projects were involved in the review process. This synopsis was produced by collating and synthesising information from across all 11 commissioned review topics. The review team informally reflected on the learning and generated a number of recommendations for future review programmes.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>All review projects across the programme used online database searches to identify relevant peer-reviewed journal articles. For many topics, relevant data were identified from grey literature identified by topic experts and other stakeholders and from website searches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence synthesis outputs were generated across 11 different topics prioritised by the Public Health Research Programme Prioritisation Committee: gambling-related harm, working in later life, working from home, access to services for ethnic minority populations, parenting programmes, warmer homes, student mental health, housing insecurity, alcohol licensing, local interventions to reduce air pollution, health impact assessment to inform spatial planning. Individual project outputs were used to inform both primary research commissioning calls and public health policy development. Research reports, research summaries and other outputs, such as animations, webinars, posters and presentations, were widely shared with both public and professional audiences. The programme benefited from high levels of engagement from public panels and professional involvement as well as close engagement with topic experts and policy-makers.</p><p><strong>Futur","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resident experience of new Low Traffic Neighbourhoods in London: qualitative insights from a mixed methods study.","authors":"Harriet Myfanwy Larrington-Spencer, Ersilia Verlinghieri, Rachel Aldred, Emma Lawlor, Jamie Furlong","doi":"10.3310/GJEV0805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GJEV0805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reducing private car use and increasing active travel is essential for transport decarbonisation and addressing public health crises of road traffic injuries, physical inactivity and air pollution. Low Traffic Neighbourhoods have emerged as a key intervention, particularly in London, United Kingdom, to create better environments for walking, wheeling and cycling by restricting through traffic on residential streets. While evidence suggests that Low Traffic Neighbourhoods reduce car use, increase walking and cycling, and improve road safety, their implementation has been politically contentious and has elicited a wide range of public reactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper presents findings from the qualitative strand of a wider 3.5-year mixed-methods study of Low Traffic Neighbourhoods in London. Qualitative data were collected to explore the lived experiences of Low Traffic Neighbourhood residents, with a focus on how residents - including disabled residents - perceive and navigate the schemes. Participants were selected from among those living in or on the road adjacent to four selected Low Traffic Neighbourhoods, to ensure a diversity of views on the schemes, and diverse demographic characteristics were represented. Using 61 go-along interviews and 7 focus groups, we explore how Low Traffic Neighbourhoods influence residents' experiences and perceptions of travel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings show that residents' attitudes towards Low Traffic Neighbourhoods often shape their reported experiences: those who are initially supportive tend to notice and highlight positive impacts, while opponents are more likely to report no change or negative impacts. Overall, participants observed increased walking and cycling, improved perceptions of road safety, and reduced noise and air pollution within Low Traffic Neighbourhoods. However, concerns were raised by some disabled residents about longer journey times and accessibility problems. Notably, many residents living on boundary roads perceived an increase in traffic and pollution, although quantitative data on the impacts of Low Traffic Neighborhoods on boundary roads remain mixed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the importance of considering residents' lived experiences in scheme evaluations. While Low Traffic Neighbourhoods contribute to climate and health objectives, their implementation should be guided by a just transition framework to ensure benefits are equitably distributed.</p><p><strong>Limitations and future work: </strong>Our study's main limitation is that it contributes to an evidence body of research on Low Traffic Neighbourhoods being predominantly from London. Future research should extend beyond London, explore a wider range of schemes and attend to experiences of further marginalised population groups.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This article presents independent research funded by the National","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of local and national policies to reduce agriculture-related air pollution through improving diet and farm management: the AMPHoRA mixed methods study.","authors":"Stefan Reis, Rachel Beck, Ed Carnell, Ulrike Dragosits, Rosemary Green, Mike Holland, Megan Jones, Scott Jones, Alison McCann, Mark Miller, James Milner, Ai Milojevic, Tom Misselbrook, Angelica Orsi, Silvia Pastorino, Jennifer Raftis, Anoop Sv Shah, Massimo Vieno, Ryan Wereski","doi":"10.3310/GJSR2325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GJSR2325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed an interdisciplinary approach to assess the impact of agricultural production modifications and dietary changes on ammonia emissions, health outcomes and health inequalities. Statistical and econometric methods were applied to analyse agricultural emission trends and dietary patterns. Spatial data analysis and numerical modelling techniques were used to simulate the dispersion and transformation of atmospheric pollutants. Health impact modelling estimated mortality and morbidity outcomes under various policy scenarios, while cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses supported decision-making. A participatory approach involving multistakeholder engagement was utilised to enhance policy relevance and implementation feasibility. A systematic scoping review of academic studies on agricultural-derived air pollution and clinically coded outcomes revealed very limited research on this topic, which presents an inconsistent picture as to whether agricultural-derived particulate matter affects health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key findings indicate that dietary modifications have greater potential health benefits than direct reductions in particulate matter exposure from ammonia emissions. Small reductions in meat and dairy consumption, supported by taxation and subsidies, could help achieve environmental and health targets. A 20% meat and dairy tax, coupled with a 20% subsidy on fruits and vegetables, could reduce meat consumption by 21.5% and increase fruit and vegetable intake by up to 13.5%. These dietary shifts also significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions and water use. While ammonia's environmental effects are well documented, its direct health impacts remain uncertain. Epidemiological studies suggest a possible association between ammonium-derived particulate matter and increased mortality and cardiorespiratory diseases, though findings are inconsistent. Toxicological assessments indicate limited intrinsic toxicity of ammonium nitrate and sulfate. A 'high-ambition mitigation' scenario integrating ammonia reduction measures with dietary shifts could prevent 67,000 premature deaths and 270,000 cases of respiratory diseases over 30 years. Notably, older adults and lower-income populations would experience the greatest health benefits. Most farm-based ammonia reduction strategies demonstrated net economic benefits, with only a few measures having limited abatement potential. Additionally, reduced greenhouse gas emissions further amplified the benefits of each scenario.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Despite robust modelling techniques and multistakeholder engagement, several limitations exist. The direct health effects of ammonia-derived particulate matter remain an area of uncertainty, necessitating further epidemiological research. Additionally, while economic and environmental benefits were quantified, behavioural responses to policy interventions - such as consumer acceptance of die","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Gambling Related Harm in Adolescents: PRoGRAM - A pilot cluster RCT - Synopsis Report.","authors":"Angela Niven, Martine Miller, James White, Leon Noble, Heather Wardle, Andrew Stoddart, David Griffiths, Christopher Weir, Hannah Ensor, Conor Maxwell, Freya Howell, Richard Purves, Fiona Dobbie","doi":"10.3310/GJFD3715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/GJFD3715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young people's engagement in gambling can be linked to gambling-related harm. There is a lack of independently funded and evidence-based school-based interventions that seek to prevent and reduce the harms associated with gambling.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of a gambling prevention intervention (Preventing Gambling Related Harm in Adolescents) among young people aged 13-15 years to determine the utility of conducting a phase III randomised controlled trial assessing effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>Two-arm, pilot cluster randomised controlled trial with an embedded process evaluation, health economic scoping study and social network analysis.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Six state schools across Scotland: four intervention and two control.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Students aged 13-15 years (baseline: intervention <i>N</i> = 762 students, control <i>N</i> = 352 students. Follow-up: intervention <i>N</i> = 598 students, control <i>N</i> = 295 students).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Preventing Gambling Related Harm in Adolescents is a peer-led, social network intervention to prevent adolescent gambling and reduce gambling-related harm. Students, nominated by peers in their year group, attended a 2-day training workshop outside of school, which was delivered by trained youth workers. After completing the 2-day training workshop, students were then assigned the role of 'peer supporters'. Peer supporters then attended three in-school follow-up sessions, with the same youth workers, to refresh the learning they had received during the workshop. After the workshop and during the follow-up sessions, peer supporters were encouraged to have conversations about their learning on the topic of gambling and gambling-related harm with their friends and family. Social network maps were created by peer supporters to: (1) help them identify people to speak to and (2) record to who they spoke to about gambling and gambling-related harm.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Progression to a full-scale Phase III cluster randomised control trial, using pre-set progression criteria. Progression criteria were: (1) successful recruitment of six schools; (2) five schools remain in the pilot study; (3) the intervention being delivered with 80% fidelity to the manual; (4) the process evaluation indicates the intervention is acceptable to students and staff and (5) 70% of students complete the student questionnaire at baseline and follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All five progression criteria were met. All schools were recruited and retained in the study and there were low levels of missing data on outcomes. The process evaluation indicated that Preventing Gambling Related Harm in Adolescents was acceptable to all stakeholders and was delivered with fidelity to the delivery manual. Some minor ","PeriodicalId":74615,"journal":{"name":"Public health research (Southampton, England)","volume":"14 4","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}