{"title":"The relationship between subjective social status, impulsivity and addictive behaviours","authors":"Richard J. Tunney , Jodie N. Raybould","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Why are people from less affluent social groups more likely to engage in addictive behaviours and to transition from recreational use to addiction? One contributing factor may be the influence that the environment has on decision-making. To test this, we examined the relationship between subjective social status, impulsivity, and engagement with addictive behaviours in 500 adults in the United Kingdom. Regression and Path Analyses were used to examine the direct and indirect relationships between subjective social status, trait impulsivity, and potentially addictive behaviours, including alcohol consumption, gambling, tobacco and drug use, and gaming. Social status was predictive of trait impulsivity but did not directly predict all of the addictive behaviours that we examined. Instead, we found an indirect relationship between subjective social status and trait impulsivity, and between trait impulsivity and participation with addictive behaviours. The data are important for our understanding of the role that environment plays in the development of individual differences and the distribution of addiction behaviour across social groups. We anticipate that early screening tools or interventions can be developed where individuals with low social status and high trait impulsivity are alerted to their increased risk of addiction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43942524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel B. Schroeder, Sydney Nolan, Lani L. Harris, Daniel L. Segal, Frederick L. Coolidge
{"title":"On the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Rachel B. Schroeder, Sydney Nolan, Lani L. Harris, Daniel L. Segal, Frederick L. Coolidge","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated whether a parent-as-respondent measure, the Coolidge Autistic Symptom Survey (CASS-84), could differentiate among children with mild, moderate, or severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD), children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and children developing typically. A total of 201 parents were recruited on Amazon's Mechanical Turk to complete the CASS-84 regarding their child (5–17 years old) and reported their children's diagnosis as either ASD (severity), ADHD, or developing typically. Parents also completed an 18-item scale of ADHD symptoms. A one-way analysis of variance demonstrated that the CASS-84 successfully differentiated ASD, ADHD, and typical development, but could not differentiate between mild and moderate forms of ASD, nor mild ASD from ADHD. The present results warrant further investigation with larger samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social connectedness and resilience post COVID-19 pandemic: Buffering against trauma, stress, and psychosis","authors":"Alena Gizdic , Tatiana Baxter , Neus Barrantes-Vidal , Sohee Park","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigated psychosocial predictors of psychosis-risk, depression, anxiety, and stress in Croatia two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the existing transgenerational war trauma and associated psychiatric consequences in Croatian population, a significant pandemic-related deterioration of mental health was expected. Recent studies suggest that after an initial increase in psychiatric disorders during the pandemic in Croatia, depression, stress, and anxiety rapidly declined. These findings highlight the role of social connectedness and resilience in the face of the global pandemic. We examined resilience and psychiatric disorder risk in 377 Croatian adults using an anonymous online mental health survey. Results indicate that there was an exacerbation of all mental ill health variables, including depression, anxiety, stress, and a doubled risk for psychosis outcome post-COVID pandemic. Stress decreased levels of resilience, however, those exposed to previous traumatic experience and greater social connectedness had higher resilience levels. These findings suggest that individual differences in underlying stress sensitization of Croatian population due to past trauma may continue to influence mental health consequences two years after COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential to promote the importance of social connectedness and resilience in preventing the development of variety of mental health disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10156379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9479232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Torrie Eagle Staff , Marcia O'Leary , Amanda M. Fretts
{"title":"Depression, physical activity, and incident cardiovascular disease among American Indians: The strong heart family study","authors":"Torrie Eagle Staff , Marcia O'Leary , Amanda M. Fretts","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Little is known about the relationship of depression with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among American Indians (AIs), a population with a high burden of depressive symptoms and CVD. In this study, we examined the association of depressive symptoms with CVD risk among AIs and assessed whether an objective marker of ambulatory activity influenced the relationship.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study comprised participants from the Strong Heart Family Study, a longitudinal study of CVD risk among AIs free of CVD at baseline (2001–2003) and who participated in a follow-up examination (n = 2209). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms and depressive affect. Ambulatory activity was measured using Accusplit AE120 pedometers. Incident CVD was defined as new myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, or stroke (through 2017). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association of depressive symptoms with incident CVD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>27.5% of participants reported moderate or severe depressive symptoms at baseline and 262 participants developed CVD during follow-up. Compared to participants who reported no depressive symptoms, the odds ratios for developing CVD among those who reported mild, moderate, or severe symptoms were: 1.19 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.85), 1.61 (95% CI: 1.09, 2.37), and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.91), respectively. Adjustment for activity did not alter findings.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>CES-D is a tool used to identify individuals with depressive symptoms and not a measure of clinical depression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Higher levels of reported depressive symptoms were positively associated with CVD risk in a large cohort of AIs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/8d/nihms-1906460.PMC10312118.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10109699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of delirium in psychiatric patients with critical illness","authors":"Lina Ren, Yongjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Delirium is a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome, which can lead to poor outcomes, especially among patients with critical illness, but is easily missed among psychiatric patients. Some delirium-associated risks have been confirmed for critical patients and psychiatric patients. Nevertheless, the research about delirium in psychiatric patients with critical illness is rare.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of delirium in psychiatric patients with critical illness. We assessed 425 patients diagnosed with critical illness from Shenzhen Kangning hospital from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021, and registered their demographic information, medical history and comorbidities. Patients underwent a psychiatric examination using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 425 critical illness inpatients, 143 had delirium (prevalence of 33.6%). The most common associations were infectious disease (46.9%), electrolyte disturbance (48.3%), cerebrovascular disease (39.9%), and liver or kidney dysfunction (26.6%). The married status (OR = 3.450, <em>p</em> < 0.001), infectious diseases (OR = 2.862, <em>p</em> < 0.001), electrolyte disturbances (OR = 1.991, <em>p</em> = 0.009) and the organic mental disorder (OR = 5.611, <em>p</em> < 0.001) were independent non-modifiable factors associated with an increased risk of delirium.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>According to the study results, the delirium prevalence was about 33%. The organic mental disorder, infectious disease, electrolyte disturbance, cerebrovascular disease, and liver or kidney dysfunction were the risk factors for delirium in psychiatric patients with critical illness. Unexpectedly, the use of olanzapine or haloperidol showed no relevance to delirium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42335409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suicidal ideation and suicidal beliefs as prospective indicators of suicidal behavior among primary care patients","authors":"Craig J. Bryan , M. David Rudd","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiple studies have found that suicidal beliefs, measured with items from the Suicide Cognitions Scale (SCS), are significant predictors of future suicidal behavior and outperform suicidal ideation. These studies have not considered suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation as discrete outcomes, however, clouding interpretability. In this study, 2744 primary care patients completed self-report assessments during routine clinic visits. Incidence of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior during the 12-month follow-up was assessed via phone interview. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine if suicidal beliefs and suicidal ideation significantly differentiated three groups: patients with follow-up suicidal behavior (SB), patients with follow-up suicidal ideation but no suicidal behaviors (SI), and patients with neither (no SI/SB). Suicidal beliefs and suicidal ideation significantly differentiated SB and SI from no SI/SB, but only suicidal beliefs significantly differentiated SB from SI. Results support the clinical utility of assessing suicidal beliefs with SCS items, confirm the superiority of suicidal beliefs over suicidal ideation as indicators of future suicidal behavior, and suggest suicidal ideation is a risk factor for future suicidal ideation but not future suicidal behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43937735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why now and not later? An exploration into the neurocognitive correlates of delay discounting in bipolar disorder","authors":"Alexandra K. Gold, Michael W. Otto","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased delay discounting is evident in bipolar disorder, though there is minimal research on the factors that impact delay discounting in this population. We evaluated neurocognitive correlates of delay discounting among relatively euthymic participants with bipolar disorder (N = 76) with (<em>n</em> = 31) and without (<em>n</em> = 45) past-year substance use disorders. There were no significant differences in the mean delay discounting value between the bipolar disorder group and the comorbid bipolar disorder and past-year substance use disorders group (<em>p</em> = .082, Cohen's <em>d</em> = 0.41). Using multiple regression, we evaluated the most important predictors of the delay discounting value. Impairments in executive functioning (per number of categories completed on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and visuospatial construction (per the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test Copy Raw Score), as well as decreased years of education (all <em>ps</em> < .05), offered the best neurocognitive characterization of increased delay discounting in this sample.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10249507/pdf/nihms-1886227.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9619788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BDNF changes as a result of non-pharmacological interventions in schizophrenia – A scoping review","authors":"Adriana Farcas, Lainya Knopik, Cassandra Piccolotto, Felicia Iftene","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, neuropsychiatric disorder, with a complex, yet to be elucidated aetiology. The altered connectivity responsible for the wide range of symptoms in schizophrenia, stemming from genetic, metabolic, as well as environmental factors, has had researchers focusing on the identification of more and more “players” carrying certain specificity for the disease. One of these factors is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - the most abundant growth factor in the central nervous system (CNS) and most frequently researched. Here, we set to explore the evidence pertaining to a correlational change in serum BDNF levels while individuals with schizophrenia undergo a non-pharmacological/psychotherapeutic intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a systematic search of studies evaluating BDNF changes as a result of psychotherapeutic interventions in schizophrenia, in four databases: APA PsycInfo, Pubmed, Medline and EBSCO. The keywords “schizophrenia”, “psychotherapy OR psychosocial”, and “BDNF OR brain-derived neurotrophic factor” were searched for on all databases.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The search yielded 46 titles and abstracts, of which 10 met the criteria for inclusion. The interventions consisted in neurofeedback, auditory training, cognitive remediation and lifestyle changes and behaviour therapy, as well as exercise. Serum BDNF levels were assessed systematically, showing significant increases as a result of the interventions in all studies, except three, where other changes are discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The studies discussed in this review support, overall, the idea of an increase in BDNF levels, as well as cognitive and clinical improvements secondary to non-pharmacological interventions. Several limitations and future directions are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiyomitsu Ota , Tomihisa Niitsu , Kengo Oishi , Keita Idemoto , Maria Kato , Jing Liu , Masumi Tachibana , Yusuke Nakata , Masayuki Takase , Yasunori Oda , Masatomo Ishikawa , Tasuku Hashimoto , Nobuhisa Kanahara , Yoshimi Iwayama , Tomoko Toyota , Takeo Yoshikawa , Masaomi Iyo
{"title":"Taq1A polymorphism in patients with bipolar disorder: A candidate gene study based on the dopamine hypothesis","authors":"Kiyomitsu Ota , Tomihisa Niitsu , Kengo Oishi , Keita Idemoto , Maria Kato , Jing Liu , Masumi Tachibana , Yusuke Nakata , Masayuki Takase , Yasunori Oda , Masatomo Ishikawa , Tasuku Hashimoto , Nobuhisa Kanahara , Yoshimi Iwayama , Tomoko Toyota , Takeo Yoshikawa , Masaomi Iyo","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) by examining the associations between the two disorders and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in the dopamine signaling system. This was a case-controlled, exploratory, and multicenter study. A total of 1048 patients with BD (495 male; mean age, 49.6 ± 15.0 years), 2106 patients with SZ (1159 male, 49.6 ± 15.0 years), and 2240 healthy controls (HCs) (917 male, 42.3 ± 14.2 years) were included, and all the volunteers were Japanese. SNPs at tyrosine hydroxylase rs10770141 C-824T, catechol-O-methyltransferase rs4680 G/A(Val158Met), dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) rs1799732 -141C Ins/Del, and DRD2/ANKK1 (Taq1A) rs1800497 C/T were examined. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the four SNPs, age, and sex. C allele and heterozygous CT in Taq1A were associated with an increased risk of BD. A comparison of the BD and HC groups revealed a significant association between heterozygous CT in Taq1A and BD in female participants. Heterozygous CT in Taq1A showed a significant association with BD as compared to SZ. DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism (CT heterozygotes) is associated with a high risk of BD in the Japanese population, particularly in females. DRD2 genetic predisposition in the dopamine signaling system and sex-specific factors may be associated with the pathophysiology of BD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48783882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica D. Leuchter , Minjee Kook , Daniel A. Geller , Alyssa G. Hertz , Jessica Garcia , Erika S. Trent , Tracey Dibbs , Ogechi Onyeka , Wayne K. Goodman , Andrew G. Guzick , Andrew D. Wiese , Amanda D. Palo , Brent J. Small , H. Blair Simpson , Lauren K. Havel , Sohail A. Nibras , Kirti Saxena , Eric A. Storch
{"title":"Promoting OCD WEllness and resilience (POWER) study: Rationale, design, and methods","authors":"Jessica D. Leuchter , Minjee Kook , Daniel A. Geller , Alyssa G. Hertz , Jessica Garcia , Erika S. Trent , Tracey Dibbs , Ogechi Onyeka , Wayne K. Goodman , Andrew G. Guzick , Andrew D. Wiese , Amanda D. Palo , Brent J. Small , H. Blair Simpson , Lauren K. Havel , Sohail A. Nibras , Kirti Saxena , Eric A. Storch","doi":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 1–2% of children and is associated with functional impairment and diminished quality of life. Several treatments are efficacious: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention, serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) monotherapy, and combined treatment (SRI + CBT). Expert clinician-informed practice parameters suggest that youth with mild to moderate OCD should be treated initially with CBT yet SRIs are frequently employed as the first-line intervention or in combination with psychotherapy in applied practice. Empirical data to guide SRI discontinuation in pediatric OCD are very limited. This study, Promoting OCD Wellness and Resiliency (POWER), aims to address this gap through a two phase, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial with the purpose of evaluating whether youth with OCD on an SRI can discontinue their medication after successful CBT augmentation and maintain wellness for a period of 24 weeks during which they receive maintenance CBT that models standard-of-care. In this paper we describe the rationale and methodological design of the POWER study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74595,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry research communications","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/dd/nihms-1906456.PMC10299759.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9724404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}