Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Sensitivity of some types of Gr+ and Gr- bacteria to some types of commercial soaps","authors":"A. Najem","doi":"10.32441/kjps.08.01.p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.08.01.p2","url":null,"abstract":"The use of soap is one of the most important means of ionic cleansing and getting rid of some types of bacteria that may be harmful and present on the skin, especially after using the toilet, as part of them may remain on the surface of the skin, causing some pathological injuries, and the ability of soap to remove or eliminate these germs varies according to the soap type and the period of its use in washing, the study aimed to determine the ability of some types of liquid soap to eliminate different types of Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.\u0000The plate method was used to find out the sensitivity of each of the types of bacteria(Klebsiella, E.coli Staph aureus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus,) towards types of liquid soaps produced by international companies, including Bivy, Dettol, ActiveX, Lifebuoy, Oud, using the tablet method, and it was determined The minimum inhibitory concentration for each type of liquid soap (depending on the bacterial species used). Klebsiella E.coli showed high sensitivity to Dettol soap, while Pseudomonas and Staph aureus bacteria showed high sensitivity to Bivy soap. Streptococcus bacteria appeared to be highly sensitive to Lifebuoy soap, and the sensitivity of bacterial species to the rest of the soaps varied between medium and weak.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous determination of Guaifenesin, codeine phosphate, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and sodium benzoate in syrup pharmaceutical form by RP-HPLC","authors":"Muthana S. Ali, Ali E. Karim, Maiser Z. Mohye, Azza M. Al-metwali, Salah N. Ibrahim","doi":"10.32441/kjps.07.02.p13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.07.02.p13","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes the development of the RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Guaifenesin, codeine phosphate, phenylephrine, and sodium benzoate. This method separates Guaifenesin, codeine phosphate, phenylephrine, and sodium benzoate nicely. This RP-HPLC method uses the Shimadzu HPLC instrument with Chromegabond WR C18 column  5 μm 120 A  30 cm * 3.9 mm. The mobile phase is a mixture of 1% o-phosphoric acid, methanol: acetonitrile (80 : 10: 10), and the pH was adjusted to 3.1. Isocratic elution mode was used with 1 ml/min as the flow rate. The detection for all compounds is carried out at 254 nm. The retention time of Guaifenesin, codeine phosphate, phenylephrine, and sodium benzoate was 14.11, 5.75, 3.9, and 20.52, respectively. The method has been validated concerning accuracy, linearity, and precision. This method is simple, accurate, and reproducible. This validated method was used to estimate these drugs in syrup pharmaceutical form.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"47 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrography and diagenesis of the Middle to Upper Jurassic succession from Sargelu section, northeastern Iraq","authors":"Rebwar H. Rasool, Sarmad A. Ali, A. Al‐Juboury","doi":"10.32441/kjps.07.02.p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.07.02.p12","url":null,"abstract":"Petrographic and diagenetic analysis of the Middle-Upper Jurassic successions (Sargelu, Naokelekan, and Barsarin) formations and boundaries between them in the Sargelu area, Kurdistan region, N.E. Iraq was conducted based on the lithologic description, thin section analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The study aims to define the petrographic components and diagenetic processes that affect the carbonate rocks of Jurassic succession in the studied section. Thirty-eight thin sections have been prepared, with five samples selected using the S.E.M. technique to reveal the petrographic components and diagenetic processes. The Jurassic succession is composed mainly of carbonates (limestone and dolostone) interbedded with shale units. Petrographically, the Sargelu, Naokelekan, and Barsarin formations are composed of skeletal grains (pelagic pelecypods, radiolaria,  calcispheres, planktonic and benthonic foraminifera such as miliolid, ostracods, bioclasts, and stromatolites) which are the most common, in addition, non-skeletal grains such as poloids, micritic groundmass, and recrystallized micro spars, Many diagenetic processes affected the studied carbonate rocks such as micritization, dolomitization compaction and stylolite formation, authigenic minerals (pyrite), cementation, neomorphism, dissolution and porosity formation as represented by moldic, vuggy, channel and fracture porosity.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"21 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Genetic Algorithms to Segment Images: A Review","authors":"Rasha Talib Gdeeb","doi":"10.32441/kjps.07.02.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.07.02.p1","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic algorithm plays a pivotal role in image processing, particularly in the critical stage of image segmentation. The process of segmenting photographs is an essential method in the field. Identifying objects, extracting features for object recognition, and classifying are integral components of image processing. However, the effectiveness of these activities relies on the quality of the operations performed. The work at hand in the domain of image processing is notably arduous and intricate. The segmentation of photos cannot be consistently achieved through the utilization of a singular approach. Nevertheless, it is not possible to consistently classify photos into extensive categories. The complexity inherent in the image segmentation task necessitates careful consideration when determining a suitable set of parameters to employ. The arduous task of selecting picture parameters the picture segmentation problem encompasses various factors that contribute to the complexity of the selection process. An optimization problem is employed to efficiently locate the global maximum inside a given search space, with the problem being formulated as a Genetic Algorithm. Subsequently, the task of determining the most suitable segmentation criteria for an image is successfully overcome. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the viability of employing genetic algorithms within the domain of image segmentation.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84724204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review Study: Blockchain Application in Payroll System","authors":"Mahmood Maaroof Ahmed, A. C. Shakir","doi":"10.32441/kjps.07.01.p8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.07.01.p8","url":null,"abstract":"In this era, where business execution is primarily reliant on information, the sooner and more precisely it is received, the better. Blockchain is great for information sharing because it provides instant, shareable, and entirely transparent data kept in an immutable ledger that only network users with permission may access. On the blockchain network, virtually any asset may be recorded and exchanged, reducing risk and expense for all parties involved. This research focuses on blockchain payroll implementation. It is critical to employ the proper tactics to preserve and improve payroll, as blockchain technology is critical for securing the payroll system because it can move both value and information. This review paper's main point is that blockchain technology can be used to reduce overhead and administrative burden, reduce tax spending, and promote openness and accountability in a variety of situations. Blockchain challenges to the payroll system and implementation issues have been highlighted. Given the quantity and complexity of blockchain issues, many of the most significant blockchain roadblocks are characteristic of any new technology's growing pains. The benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology in payroll procedures were discussed after the study. It was determined that doing so would make all employee records and employer payments matching instantly available at the minute level to various governmental organizations. At a fraction of the cost of current payroll compliance utilizing a fiat cryptocurrency, a blockchain payroll application will provide quick payroll compliance. A blockchain framework that is approved for use with payroll systems and is encrypted using the high-efficiency encryption algorithm to ensure its high security will need to be designed and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80834484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active and phenolic compounds in Spirogyra sp. PDNA1 is an antibiotic for some bacteria and fungi","authors":"Damia Hazem Mohammed, M. Al-Katib","doi":"10.32441/kjps.07.01.p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.07.01.p9","url":null,"abstract":"Green algae are a biological source rich in phenolic compounds and potentially inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Spirogyra sp. PDNA1 is one of the most types of green algae found in freshwater. Because of the increasing resistance of most bacteria and fungi to available antibiotics, a continuous search is required for the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly alternatives. There are 30 compounds were identified, including alkaloids, phenols, and esters, and the highest percentage was oleic acid, with a retention time of 21.949 min and a concentration of 32.89%. The highest percentage of inhibition showed on the bacteria for the methanolic algal extract was against Salmonella typhi (22.5 mm), while the lowest percentage of it was against Bacillus cereus (10 mm). The hexane extract had the highest inhibition percentage against Salmonella typhi (19.5 mm) and the lowest inhibition percentage against Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 mm). It was also noted that the effect of the methanolic extract was highest against Trichoderma asperallum (22 mm) and the lowest percentage of inhibition against Candida albicans (7 mm), while the hexane extract recorded the highest percentage of inhibition against Candida albicans (15 mm) and the lowest percentage of inhibition was against the fungus Aspergillus Niger with inhibition diameter (8 mm). Phenols were identified by HPLC technology. The phenolic compounds included Rutin, Gallic acid, Tannic acid, Quercetin, and Kaempferol, where the highest percentage of Rutin was in the phenolic methanolic extract (240.99) ppm, Kaempferol (7.2124) ppm, while the phenolic hexane extract had the highest percentage of Rutin (19.606) ppm, Kaempferol (10.997) ppm. The phenols showed the highest inhibition rate of the phenolic-methanolic extract against (Klebsiella pneumoniae) (30) mm and the least inhibition against (Escherichia. coli) (11) mm while the phenolic hexane extract has the highest inhibition to (Salmonella typhi) (27) mm and the lowest effect was against (Escherichia coli) (10) mm. The antifungal effect of the phenolic methanolic extract recorded the highest percentage against (Candida albicans) (30) mm and had the lowest effect on Mucor racemosus (18) mm, while the phenolic hexane extract had the highest effect with Candida albicans (22.5) mm, and the least inhibition percentage was in Mucor racemosus with (11) mm. Therefore, the study aimed to isolate and identify the effective compounds of the methanolic and hexanoic extract of this algae, and active phenolic compounds were detected using GC-MS and HPLC technology.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86793022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Image Processing with CNNs through Transfer Learning: Survey","authors":"Hussein mohammed Essa, Asim M. Murshid","doi":"10.32441/kjps.07.01.p6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.07.01.p6","url":null,"abstract":"The field of image processing has been revolutionized by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which exhibit exceptional capability in feature extraction and accurate image classification. However, training CNNs requires large volumes of annotated data and significant computational resources. Considering these challenges, transfer learning has emerged as a promising approach to reducing the dependence on labeled data and computational resources. Transfer learning involves utilizing knowledge gained from a source task to improve the training process for a target task. This technique has demonstrated considerable benefits; however, it also possesses certain limitations. Consequently, this survey explores the advantages and constraints of transfer learning and the various factors that influence its effectiveness in optimizing image processing using CNNs. Additionally, the survey investigates the most recent advancements and research in the field of transfer learning specifically for image processing with CNNs. In summary, this comprehensive analysis highlights the significance of transfer learning in the context of optimizing image processing with CNNs, providing unique insights into this rapidly evolving domain.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83280687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Wearable EEG Device and Its Benefits for Epilepsy Patients: A Review","authors":"Ola Marwan Assim, Ahlam Fhathl Mahmood","doi":"10.32441/kjps.07.01.p7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.07.01.p7","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes repeated seizures in millions of people worldwide. Traditional Electroencephalography (EEG) systems can be cumbersome and limited to clinical settings, but they have helped diagnose and monitor epilepsy. Wearable EEG devices have transformed epilepsy management by providing real-time, non-invasive, and continuous monitoring capabilities. This review paper investigates the design considerations and technological advancements in wearable EEG devices, emphasizing their numerous benefits in treating epileptic patients and the limitation of designing wearable devices. In conclusion, the integration of multimodal data can offer a comprehensive overview of a patient's health, enabling the implementation of personalized and efficient treatment approaches.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88076304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Futile care in Kirkuk teaching hospital burn unit.","authors":"Q. Aldoori, A. Albyti, Avan hassan Mohammed Ameen","doi":"10.32441/kjps.03.02.p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.02.p11","url":null,"abstract":"        Background; Futile care; a medical term applied when there is no reasonable hope of improvement or cure in spite of expense of medical or surgical care. Futile care decision governed by a variety of scoring systems to evaluate clinical situation and direct medical effort in respecting the patient requirement, surrogate allowance. Where and when the medical treatment being futile is another view must be sought for afflicted patient.  \u0000        Materials & methods; This is a retrospective study about admitted patient over 7 years (since January 2012-until December 2018) were 2076 patient  (total admission number) in Kirkuk teaching hospital burn unit, of them (1284 female, 762 male burns casualty) 74% of them are saved but (26%) 538 patient  are dead out of total number of admission , (21%) 435 patient were with expected death, but (5%) 103 {(79 pediatric less than 12 years) and (24 patient age more than 56 years)} with un expected death the latter were succumbed to sepsis even with our best available rescue management. \u0000        Result; This study on those (21%) 435 patients (with more than 55% BSAB. & mostly associated with inhalational injury) sex variation{23 male (25-55 years) , 412 female (13-45years)}most of them self-immolation; who are falls under the known guide lines {DNR=Do Not Resuscitate} comfort care applied to them, we depend on  R-Baux score to predict the probability of death after burn injury was calculated for each patient by following formula: \u0000(TBSA + age + [17×R]). {R=1 if patient has inhalation injury and R=0 if not}. \u0000       Aim; of our study is to evaluating our working in spite of our challenges in Iraq circumstances. \u0000    we used different formulae to predict mortality in burn casualties to reach best results we could approach to it. \u0000       Conclusion; our results show more increases in the mortality % than American and European studies because we have less facilities and limited resources.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81188565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study between Metformin and Insulin in Controlling uncomplicated Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Enas Yahya Ibraheem, Israa Hashim Abid Al-Karim","doi":"10.32441/kjps.06.01.p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32441/kjps.06.01.p3","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational diabetes always accompanies an increased maternal and neonatal risk. Insulin is the standard therapy but causes multiple complications. Metformin has less complications. This study aims to assess the efficacy of metformin in controlling maternal blood glucose level compared to insulin in women with gestational diabetes .A randomized controlled trial conducted in the obstetric department in Salah Al-Deen general Hospital during the period from 1st February - 31st July 2022. Total sample of 100 pregnant women suffered from gestational diabetes at (24-28week) gestational age were recruited randomly. The patients were divided into two groups: 1-Metformin group (50 patients). 2-Insulin Group (50 patients). Fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels 2 h after breakfast were done at each visit and HbAlc each trimester. Follow up was continued till delivery to evaluate the pregnancy outcome The mean HbAlc was significantly higher among Insulin group (5.8± 0.5) than in Metformin group (5.4 ± 0.8). Preeclampsia was lower among Metformin group (14%) than Insulin group (19.6%). hypoglycemia episode was significantly lower among Metformin group (14%) than Insulin group (41.3%), Caesarean delivery was higher among Insulin group (58.7%) than Metformin group (37.2%). The mean birth weight was significantly higher among Insulin group (3761.4±470) than Metformin group (3540.9±338). Prematurity was found among (8.7%) of the Insulin group in comparison to (4.7%) of the Metformin group. Prematurity was non significantly higher among Insulin group (8.7%) than Metformin group (4.7%) .Metformin is effective and safe in the glycemic control of gestational diabetes, with better maternal and neonatal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":7451,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79986397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}