PLoS currentsPub Date : 2018-05-02DOI: 10.1371/currents.md.230ed3d6559b171e10279fc16e9ebef3
Marie Nearing, James Novak, Terence Partridge
{"title":"Greater Colo-Rectal Activation Phenotype in Exercised mdx Mice.","authors":"Marie Nearing, James Novak, Terence Partridge","doi":"10.1371/currents.md.230ed3d6559b171e10279fc16e9ebef3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.md.230ed3d6559b171e10279fc16e9ebef3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disease that is caused by a deficiency of dystrophin protein. Both Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients and dystrophic mice suffer from intestinal dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study arose from a chance observation of differences in fecal output of dystrophic vs. normal mice during 20-minutes of forced continuous treadmill exercise. Here, we report on the effects of exercise on fecal output in two different dystrophic mutants and their normal background control strains. All fecal materials evacuated during exercise were counted, dried and weighed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice of both mutant dystrophic strains produced significantly more fecal material during the exercise bout than the relevant control strains.</p><p><strong>Iscussion: </strong>We propose that exercise--induced Colo--Rectal Activation Phenotype test could be used as a simple, highly sensitive, non-invasive biomarker to determine efficacy of dystrophin replacement therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74464,"journal":{"name":"PLoS currents","volume":"10 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5959732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36189428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS currentsPub Date : 2018-04-27DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.b646c3bb2b4f0e3397183f31823bbca6
John Mair-Jenkins, Tracey Lamming, Andy Dziadosz, Daniel Flecknoe, Thomas Stubington, Massimo Mentasti, Peter Muir, Philip Monk
{"title":"A Psittacosis Outbreak among English Office Workers with Little or No Contact with Birds, August 2015.","authors":"John Mair-Jenkins, Tracey Lamming, Andy Dziadosz, Daniel Flecknoe, Thomas Stubington, Massimo Mentasti, Peter Muir, Philip Monk","doi":"10.1371/currents.outbreaks.b646c3bb2b4f0e3397183f31823bbca6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.b646c3bb2b4f0e3397183f31823bbca6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>On 14th August 2015 an office manager informed Public Health England of five employees known to have been diagnosed with pneumonia over the previous three weeks. We investigated to establish whether an outbreak occurred and to identify and control the source of infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook case finding for self-reported pneumonia cases at local businesses (July-August 2015). Clinical samples from a hospitalised case were tested for common respiratory pathogens, but returned negative results. Further testing confirmed <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> infection in this case (serology and PCR). We subsequently undertook <i>C. psittaci</i> testing for all cases, redefining them as confirmed (<i>C. psittaci</i> PCR or high antibody titre via serology) or probable (inconclusive <i>C. psittaci</i> serology). Twenty-eight day exposure histories informed descriptive epidemiological analysis. We conducted an environmental investigation at the office to identify potential sources of exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified six office workers with pneumonia; four met case definitions (three confirmed, one probable) with symptom onset between 29th July and 4th August 2015. Workplace was the only epidemiological link and only one case reported limited, indirect bird contact. Environmental investigations identified pigeons roosting near the office which were being fed by workers (none cases).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This was a probable outbreak of psittacosis with no direct bird-to-human contact reported. Cases recovered after receiving appropriate antibiotics. Feeding of pigeons was stopped. A deep clean of office ventilation systems was conducted and workers were advised to avoid bird contact. We hypothesised that indirect environmental exposure to infected pigeons was to the source of this outbreak. This work provides evidence that health professionals should consider psittacosis in the differential diagnosis of cases of severe or atypical respiratory illness even without overt bird contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":74464,"journal":{"name":"PLoS currents","volume":"10 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5951689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36182078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS currentsPub Date : 2018-04-06DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.cbf57c8ac3b239ba51ccc801d3362c07
Kosta Bovan, Benjamin Banai, Irena Pavela Banai
{"title":"Do Natural Disasters Affect Voting Behavior? Evidence from Croatian Floods.","authors":"Kosta Bovan, Benjamin Banai, Irena Pavela Banai","doi":"10.1371/currents.dis.cbf57c8ac3b239ba51ccc801d3362c07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.cbf57c8ac3b239ba51ccc801d3362c07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Studies show that natural disasters influence voters' perception of incumbent politicians. To investigate whether voters are prone to punish politicians for events that are out of their control, this study was conducted in the previously unstudied context of Croatia, and by considering some of the methodological issues of previous studies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Matching method technique was used, which ensures that affected and non-affected areas are matched on several control variables. The cases of natural disaster in the present study were floods that affected Croatia in 2014 and 2015.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Main results showed that, prior to matching, floods had an impact on voting behaviour in the 2014 and 2015 elections. Voters from flooded areas decreased their support for the incumbent government and president in the elections following the floods. However, once we accounted for differences in control variables between flooded and non-flooded areas, the flood effect disappeared. Furthermore, results showed that neither the presence nor the amount of the government's relief spending had an impact on voting behaviour. Discussion: Presented results imply that floods did not have an impact on the election outcome. Results are interpreted in light of the retrospective voter model.</p>","PeriodicalId":74464,"journal":{"name":"PLoS currents","volume":"10 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5927811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36106103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS currentsPub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.6a00b40c8ace0a6a0017361d7577c50a
Abhinaba Chatterjee, Samprit Banerjee, Cheryl Stein, Min-Hyung Kim, Joseph DeFerio, Jyotishman Pathak
{"title":"Risk Factors for Depression Among Civilians After the 9/11 World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Abhinaba Chatterjee, Samprit Banerjee, Cheryl Stein, Min-Hyung Kim, Joseph DeFerio, Jyotishman Pathak","doi":"10.1371/currents.dis.6a00b40c8ace0a6a0017361d7577c50a","DOIUrl":"10.1371/currents.dis.6a00b40c8ace0a6a0017361d7577c50a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of depressive symptoms among the population of civilians who were not directly involved in recovery or rescue efforts following the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks is not comprehensively understood. We performed a meta-analysis that examined the associations between multiple risk factors and depressive symptoms after the 9/11 WTC terrorist attacks in New York City among civilians including survivors, residents, and passersby.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were searched from September, 2001 through July, 2016. Reviewers identified eligible studies and synthesized odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included findings from 7 studies (29,930 total subjects). After adjusting for multiple comparisons, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with minority race/ethnicity (OR, 1.40; 99.5% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.88), lower income level (OR, 1.25; 99.5% CI, 1.09 to 1.43), post-9/11 social isolation (OR, 1.68; 99.5% CI, 1.13 to 2.49), post-9/11 change in employment (OR, 2.06; 99.5% CI, 1.30 to 3.26), not being married post-9/11 (OR, 1.59; 99.5% CI, 1.18 to 2.15), and knowing someone injured or killed (OR, 2.02; 99.5% CI, 1.42 to 2.89). Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with greater age (OR, 0.86; 99.5% CI, 0.70 to 1.05), no college degree (OR, 1.32; 99.5% CI, 0.96 to 1.83), female sex (OR, 1.24; 99.5% CI, 0.98 to 1.59), or direct exposure to WTC related traumatic events (OR, 1.26; 99.5% CI, 0.69 to 2.30).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings from this study suggest that lack of post-disaster social capital was most strongly associated with depressive symptoms among the civilian population after the 9/11 WTC terrorist attacks, followed by bereavement and lower socioeconomic status. These risk factors should be identified among civilians in future disaster response efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":74464,"journal":{"name":"PLoS currents","volume":"10 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5898905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36380622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS currentsPub Date : 2018-03-27DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.8f23fe5f0c2052bfaaa648e6931e4e1a
Tiago Canelas, Carlos Castillo-Salgado, Helena Ribeiro
{"title":"Analyzing the Local Epidemiological Profile of Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon Between 2010 and 2015.","authors":"Tiago Canelas, Carlos Castillo-Salgado, Helena Ribeiro","doi":"10.1371/currents.outbreaks.8f23fe5f0c2052bfaaa648e6931e4e1a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.8f23fe5f0c2052bfaaa648e6931e4e1a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malaria still is a public health problem in the Americas. In 2015, Brazil accounted for 37% of all cases in the Americas, and of these cases, 99.5% were located in the Brazilian Amazon. Despite the mobilization of resources from the Brazilian National Plan for Malaria Control, too many municipalities have high transmission levels. The objective of this study is to evaluate the local epidemiological profile of malaria and its trend between 2010 and 2015 in the Brazilian Amazon. This study also aims to recognize the epidemiological differences in the local temporo-spatial dynamics of malaria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Malaria data were stratified by the annual parasite incidence (API) over the six-year period and by municipality. We used the method of seasonal decomposition by Loess smoothing to capture trend, seasonal and irregular components. A generalized linear model was applied to quantify trends, and the Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum was applied to test for seasonality significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The malaria API declined by 61% from 2010 to 2015, and there was a 40% reduction of municipalities with high transmission (determined as an API higher than 50). In 2015, 9.4% of municipalities had high transmission and included 62.8% of the total cases. The time-series analyses showed different incidence patterns by region after 2012; several states have minimized the effect of the seasonality in their incidence rates, thus achieving low rates of incidence. There were 13 municipalities with sustained high transmission that have become the principal focus of malaria control; these municipalities contained 40% of the cases between 2013 and 2015.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Brazil has achieved advances, but more sustained efforts are necessary to contain malaria resurgence. The use of malaria stratification has been demonstrated as a relevant tool to plan malaria programs more efficiently, and spatiotemporal analysis corroborates the idea that implementing any intervention in malaria should be stratified by time to interpret tendencies and by space to understand the local dynamics of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":74464,"journal":{"name":"PLoS currents","volume":"10 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5878100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35982152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS currentsPub Date : 2018-03-27DOI: 10.1371/currents.md.0439d464ca3344340ac9a7182a6ea28a
Gemma Marston, Steve J Winder
{"title":"Are Soy Products Effective in DMD?","authors":"Gemma Marston, Steve J Winder","doi":"10.1371/currents.md.0439d464ca3344340ac9a7182a6ea28a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.md.0439d464ca3344340ac9a7182a6ea28a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In addition to their nutritional value, processed soy bean extracts contain several activities with potential therapeutic benefits. These include anti-oxidants, and tyrosine kinase and protease inhibitory activity. There are also anecdotal reports of health benefits of soy products in alleviating DMD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mdx mice were fed a control soy-free diet or the same diet containing either a proprietary soy preparation (Haelan 951), purified soy isoflavones, purified Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor or a combination of isoflavones and Bowman-Birk inhibitor. Mice were tested for their wire hanging ability at the start of the diet regimen and every 4 weeks until week 12 of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The diet containing Bowman-Birk inhibitor was the only one to show a significant and sustained improvement over the 12 weeks of the study. All other dietary additions; Haelan 951, isoflavones and isoflavones with Bowman-Birk inhibitor, were not significantly different from each other or from control. The effectiveness of Bowman-Birk inhibitor in mdx mice clearly warrants further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":74464,"journal":{"name":"PLoS currents","volume":"10 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36054117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS currentsPub Date : 2018-03-23DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.fa814fb2bec36e29b718ab6af66124fa
Michelle Odlum, Sunmoo Yoon
{"title":"Health Information Needs and Health Seeking Behavior During the 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak: A Twitter Content Analysis.","authors":"Michelle Odlum, Sunmoo Yoon","doi":"10.1371/currents.outbreaks.fa814fb2bec36e29b718ab6af66124fa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.fa814fb2bec36e29b718ab6af66124fa","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For effective public communication during major disease outbreaks like the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic, health information needs of the population must be adequately assessed. Through content analysis of social media data, like tweets, public health information needs can be effectively assessed and in turn provide appropriate health information to address such needs. The aim of the current study was to assess health information needs about Ebola, at distinct epidemic time points, through longitudinal tracking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Natural language processing was applied to explore public response to Ebola over time from July 2014 to March 2015. A total 155,647 tweets (unique 68,736, retweet 86,911) mentioning Ebola were analyzed and visualized with infographics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Public fear, frustration, and health information seeking regarding Ebola-related global priorities were observed across time. Our longitudinal content analysis revealed that due to ongoing health information deficiencies, resulting in fear and frustration, social media was at times an impediment and not a vehicle to support health information needs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Content analysis of tweets effectively assessed Ebola information needs. Our study also demonstrates the use of Twitter as a method for capturing real-time data to assess ongoing information needs, fear, and frustration over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":74464,"journal":{"name":"PLoS currents","volume":"10 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5889297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36054116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS currentsPub Date : 2018-03-22DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.7d65e5eb6ef75664da68905c5582f7f7
Felipe Gomes Naveca, Valdinete Alves Nascimento, Victor Costa Souza, Regina M P de Figueiredo
{"title":"Human Orthobunyavirus Infections, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil.","authors":"Felipe Gomes Naveca, Valdinete Alves Nascimento, Victor Costa Souza, Regina M P de Figueiredo","doi":"10.1371/currents.outbreaks.7d65e5eb6ef75664da68905c5582f7f7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.7d65e5eb6ef75664da68905c5582f7f7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Several orthobunyaviruses are important arthropod-borne pathogens, responsible for a variety of diseases in humans, from acute febrile illness to encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected serum samples from a series of dengue suspected cases in Tefé, a mid-size city located in the interior of the Amazonas state, Brazil. Viral RNA extraction was performed, and specimens were tested for dengue virus using RT-PCR. Thirty dengue negative samples were further tested for Mayaro virus (MAYV) and Oropouche virus (OROV) using an RT-qPCR protocol previously described. Positive samples were characterized by MegaBLAST analysis over the entire nucleotide collection of the main public databases, and also by maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction of the S genome segment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We detected nine OROV or OROV-like positive cases among 30 patients reporting fever and headache, as the most common symptoms. The closest nucleotide sequence returned from the MegaBLAST analysis belongs to an OROV isolated in Peru 2008. Moreover, all Tefé samples grouped in the same clade with the OROV reference sequence and other closely-related OROV-like viruses.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Dengue viruses are still the most important arbovirus worldwide, causing hundreds of millions of infections every year. Nonetheless, other arboviruses like chikungunya virus, Zika virus, and yellow fever virus have emerged in the last few years and are now a public health concern in several countries. OROV is believed to have caused more than 500,000 febrile infections in Brazil over recent decades. Therefore, the results described in this study strengthen that this arbovirus, and its closely-related recombinants, should be under continuous surveillance, at least in the endemic countries of Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":74464,"journal":{"name":"PLoS currents","volume":"10 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5878103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35980954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PLoS currentsPub Date : 2018-03-22DOI: 10.1371/currents.md.ee7ac0ec8c19a47b114737f9c2714779
Tara Kervin, Mathula Thangarajh
{"title":"The Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density and Cardiovascular Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Tara Kervin, Mathula Thangarajh","doi":"10.1371/currents.md.ee7ac0ec8c19a47b114737f9c2714779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.md.ee7ac0ec8c19a47b114737f9c2714779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disorder that causes progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle weakness in boys. Cardiac dysfunction is a frequent cause of death in DMD. Glucocorticoids are the standard of care in DMD. The long-term use of oral glucocorticoids in DMD is complicated by poor bone health. Epidemiological studies suggest a biological link between the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases. Whether an association between low BMD and cardiac dysfunction occurs in DMD boys has not yet been studied. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to examine the relationship between BMD and cardiovascular health in DMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data analyses was performed from de-identified medical records from a tertiary academic medical center. Whole body BMD was measured using dual-energy xray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured using echocardiogram. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between BMD and LVEF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data was analyzed from a total of 32 boys with DMD. The mean age at which baseline BMD measurements was obtained of 11±3 (SD) years. The worst LVEF was measured at a mean of 23.7±21.8 (SD) months after the baseline BMD measurement. The final adjusted linear regression of the relationship between baseline BMD z-score and worst LVEF was not statistically significant (ß=0.41, p‑value=0.6455).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this cohort of boys with DMD, BMD was not associated with LVEF dysfunction up to 79 months later. Future research with a longer longitudinal follow-up period is warranted to evaluate the relationship between BMD and cardiovascular disease in DMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74464,"journal":{"name":"PLoS currents","volume":"10 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5878101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35980953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}