Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Current Landscape (At March 2019) Of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Clinical Trials","authors":"Juan Manel","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2019.14.555876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2019.14.555876","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80803331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Occurrence of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in Clinical and Community Isolates with in the University of Port Harcourt","authors":"H. Mirza","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.13.5558561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.13.5558561","url":null,"abstract":"I read with interest the article entitled ‘Occurrence of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in clinical and community isolates within the university of Port Harcourt’ [1]. The authors wanted to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) among 40 isolates of S. aureus. The authors used vancomycin disk diffusion method for the determination of VRSA. However, disk diffusion method is not reliable and should not be used for the determination of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus as well as coagulase negative staphylococci. Isolates of VRSA can be detected by vancomycin MIC testing [2].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83884314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Role and Influence on Agricultural Production and Food Security","authors":"T. Patarkalashvili","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88568972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niazboo (Ocimum Basilicum) As Medicinal Plant Establishes Against Salinity and Sodicity","authors":"M. A. Ullah","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555846","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity stress negatively impacts agricultural yields throughout the world, affecting production, whether for subsistence or economic gain. At present, about 20% of the world’s cultivated land and approximately half of all irrigated land and 2.1% of the dry agriculture land is affected by salinity. Salinization is spreading more rapidly in irrigated lands because of inappropriate management of irrigation and drainage. Moreover, rain, cyclones and wind add NaCl to coastal agricultural lands. The rapid increase in the world’s population requires an expansion of crop areas to raise food production. Salinity imposes serious environmental problems that affect grassland cover and the availability of animal feed in arid and semiarid regions. Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors for crop growth and production in the arid regions. About 23% of the world’s cultivated lands is saline and 37% is sodic [1]. Considerable research work has been conducted on the effect of salinity on different growth characters of different crops worldwide [2-9].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85809688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Yeast Fitness for Ethanol Production","authors":"E. Eleutherio","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555847","url":null,"abstract":"cerevisiae is well adapted to alcoholic fermentation. In this yeast, fermentation predominates over respiration at high glucose concentrations even under the presence of oxygen. Besides the solid fundamental knowledge base in system biology and in yeast metabolic pathways, this microorganism offers many favorable bioprocessing traits which allow robustness under industrial conditions, such as a. b. High tolerance to fermentative stresses - high temperatures, high ethanol and sugar concentrations, low c. Ideal physiology features (larger cell size, non-pathogenic, short generation time and ability to grow in a highly reproducible and genetically stable way with poor nutrient requirements). In this chapter, we will review the sugar and ethanol metabolism regulation as well as highlight the main molecular mechanism contributors to yeast multiple stress tolerance during fermentation. Furthermore, we will also discuss the future direction of genome and metabolic engineering of yeasts for ethanol production.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84121924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Strategic Immune Evasion by Influenza Virus and Antiviral Response of Interferon","authors":"A. Naveed","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555848","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza virus belongs to the family orthomyxovirida. It is a major pathogen that has wide host range including humans, horses, pigs, mink, marine mammals, felids and a diverse range of domestic birds but shorebirds and wildfowl are considered to be the reservoir host in nature [1]. The influenza virus has an enveloped, segmented genome comprised of eight segments of negative sense-single stranded RNA (-ssRNA). The –ssRNA has coding ability of 11 proteins as Matrix proteins (M1 and M2), Hemagglutinin (HA), Neuraminidase (NA), Nucleocapsid Protein (NP), Polymerase basic protein (PB1, PB2, and PA), PB1-F2 and non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2) [2]. Based on the surface glycoproteins the Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA), influenza viruses are classified into three types A, B and C. Viral entry in the host cell is mediated by receptor binding and membrane fusion activity of HA while NA mediates the release of viral progeny by enzymatic cleavage. The Influenza viruses that represent 16HA and 9NA antigenic subtypes have been identified in poultry and wild birds throughout the world. These antigenic subtypes can be found in different arrangements as H1N1, H16N3 [3]. Hemagglutinins are initially synthesized as a single polypeptide precursor (HA0), later these are cleaved into HA1 and HA2 subunits by proteases. The introduction of influenza virus subtypes H5 and H7 into the poultry is reported to be highly infectious and may cause outbursts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI, earlier known as B fowl plague) but this is not associated with other HA subtypes [4]. The introduction of basic amino acid residues into the cleavage site of HA0 converts the low pathogenic avian influenza virus to high pathogenic avian influenza virus, this HA0 helps in systemic replication of the virus [5]. The highly pathogenic influenza virus is responsible for the outbursts, as recurrent outbursts were recorded by influenza viruses of subtype H5N1 in Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Africa; H5N2 in Italy, Mexico and Texas; H7N1 in Italy; H7N3 Abstract","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86613072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is Host-Pathogen Initial Interaction Telling Us? an Essential Component of Biotic Stress Response Mechanism!","authors":"Ravishankar Kv","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555843","url":null,"abstract":"Presently, biotic stress has become a global challenge, thereby significantly imposing intense selection pressure on plants leading to huge economic losses. Additionally, the changing climate is further worsening this situation. These stress factors (Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, nematodes, insects and pests) act as un favourable conditions that bring about physiological and biochemical changes in plants resulting in inhibited growth, reduced economical yield, rendering acclimatization and adaptation of species to changing environment. Pathogens are those mediators that cause diseases in plants by manipulating the normal functioning of plant cells. There are mainly two types of pathogens Necrotrophs (Kill their host viz., Fusarium; Botrytis, Cochliobolus), and biotrophs (rarely kill their hosts viz., Erysiphe, Ustilago, Phytophthora) causing vascular wilts, leaf spots, cankers, wilting, stunting, chlorosis, malformations and affecting different parts of the plants.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81115300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Relationship of Chronic Toxoplasma Gondii Infection and Schizophrenia","authors":"T. Rahman","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555842","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is an important neurotropic parasite that can infect any warm-blooded animals including humans and causes Toxoplasmosis. The infection rate varies from 10-90 % world-wide depending on environmental or socioeconomic factors and geographic locations [1]. Due to its wide-spread nature and infection capacity, T. gondii has both medical and veterinary importance. After acute infection in human and warm-blooded livestock animals, T. gondii accomplishes its asexual stages life cycle through stage conversion of the parasite from fast replicating tachyzoite to slow replicating dormant bradyzoite particularly in brain and skeletal muscle [2]. This stage differentiation of the parasite brain and skeletal muscle permit them for establishing lifelong persistent infection. It has to be stressed that human can become infected primarily by ingesting undercooked or raw meats of infected livestock animals or eating contaminated foods and water [3].","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78986956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine Antibody Arrays: A Useful Tool in Biotechnology for the Screening of Specific Biomarkers in Eyes Diseases","authors":"J. M. F. Novell","doi":"10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/aibm.2019.12.555839","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the eye diseases may require invasive methods like surgical biopsy, or less invasive but with a limited diagnostic accuracy like fine needle aspiration biopsy. Tears could be a non-invasive method to obtain samples to analyzing eye diseases. Antibody arrays, mini array of protein, is a recently established proteomic biotechnology providing unique opportunities for various applications, such as protein expression profiling, biomarker discovery, disease diagnostics, prognostics and more. The use of mini arrays of protein to analyze the presence of inflammation proteins in tears may represent a non-invasive technique which can be used to identify potential biomarkers of eye diseases. It can open a new perspective to discover new molecules, so as to use them as possible targets for the development of innovative pharmacological approaches.","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82721027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of Mesoporous Silica and Zno Nanoparticles with Escherichia Coli","authors":"Meena Ls","doi":"10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.12.555840","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has created a plethora of diverse approaches that are being exploited for various applications in quantum electronics, sensing, catalysis, non-linear optics, biomedicines, therapeutics and many more. Nanoscale materials like Nanoparticles (NP’s) have already been widely studied by the researchers throughout the world, because of their exclusive physicochemical properties. Understanding the interaction of NP’s in biological system gives new dimensions to the researchers for their better and diversified use. Recently, mesoporous materials have attracted a lot of attention of researchers for their synthesis and functional mechanism [1-6]. Mesoporous materials are widely used in heterogeneous catalytic, environmental, sensory and electronic media due to their controllable and monodispersive nature of large number of accessible pores, high surface area and periodic nano-scale pore spacing forming cavities all around. Zinc oxide is another unique nanomaterial having excellent chemical and optoelectronic properties that define its significant role in areas of science and technology such as ultraviolet lasers and diodes, fluorescent labels in medicine and biology, hydrogen storage, field emitters, piezoelectric devices and photocatalysts [7-11]. The interactions of nanoparticles with biological systems are very attractive. Many studies have shown their effective role in treatment of deadly diseases like Tuberculosis and Cancer [12]. Small size and their ability to be retained in the circulation makes them very useful and revolutionary in field of medicine [9, 13-18]. Nanoparticles can be engulfed by a cell; researchers exploited this property of nanoparticles to use them in targeted drug delivery. Drug loaded nanoparticles get encapsulated by the cell and then nanoparticle degrades to release drug as per requirements. Here, we have reported results for zinc oxide prepared by chemical method and Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSN) that are prepared by Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) template base catalyzed condensation technique and their interaction with E. coli cells. The materials of different sizes, morphologies and surface activities were deliberately chosen to study their interactions with E. coli bacterial cells. The nanocrystalline materials were characterized by XRD and porosity measurements. Their morphology was also studied by high resolution TEM. Their interactions with the E. coli cells were studied by Photoluminescence (PL). Abstract","PeriodicalId":7446,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91086169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}