Open research Africa最新文献

{"title":"Molecular detection of novel <i>Anaplasma</i> sp <i>.</i> and zoonotic hemopathogens in livestock and their hematophagous biting keds (genus <i>Hippobosca</i>) from Laisamis, northern Kenya.","authors":"Daniel M Mwaki,&nbsp;Kevin O Kidambasi,&nbsp;Johnson Kinyua,&nbsp;Kenneth Ogila,&nbsp;Collins Kigen,&nbsp;Dennis Getange,&nbsp;Jandouwe Villinger,&nbsp;Daniel K Masiga,&nbsp;Mark Carrington,&nbsp;Joel L Bargul","doi":"10.12688/openresafrica.13404.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openresafrica.13404.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Livestock are key sources of livelihood among pastoral communities. Livestock productivity is chiefly constrained by pests and diseases. Due to inadequate disease surveillance in northern Kenya, little is known about pathogens circulating within livestock and the role of livestock-associated biting keds (genus <i>Hippobosca</i>) in disease transmission. We aimed to identify the prevalence of selected hemopathogens in livestock and their associated blood-feeding keds. <b>Methods:</b> We randomly collected 389 blood samples from goats (245), sheep (108), and donkeys (36), as well as 235 keds from both goats and sheep (116), donkeys (11), and dogs (108) in Laisamis, Marsabit County, northern Kenya. We screened all samples for selected hemopathogens by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis and sequencing of PCR products amplified using primers specific to the genera: <i>Anaplasma, Trypanosoma, Clostridium, Ehrlichia, Brucella, Theileria,</i> and <i>Babesia.</i> <b>Results:</b> In goats, we detected <i>Anaplasma ovis</i> (84.5%), a novel <i>Anaplasma</i> sp. (11.8%), <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i> (7.3%), <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> (66.1%), and <i>Theileria ovis</i> (0.8%). We also detected <i>A. ovis</i> (93.5%), <i>E. canis</i> (22.2%), and <i>T. ovis</i> (38.9%) in sheep. In donkeys, we detected ' <i>Candidatus</i> Anaplasma camelii' (11.1%), <i>T. vivax</i> (22.2%), <i>E. canis</i> (25%), and <i>Theileria equi</i> (13.9%). In addition, keds carried the following pathogens; goat/sheep keds - <i>T. vivax</i> (29.3%) <i>, Trypanosoma evansi</i> (0.86%), <i>Trypanosoma godfreyi</i> (0.86%), and <i>E. canis</i> (51.7%); donkey keds - <i>T. vivax</i> (18.2%) and <i>E. canis</i> (63.6%); and dog keds - <i>T. vivax</i> (15.7%), <i>T. evansi</i> (0.9%), <i>Trypanosoma simiae</i> (0.9%) <i>,</i> <i>E. canis</i> (76%), <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (46.3%), <i>Bartonella</i> <i>schoenbuchensis</i> (76%), and <i>Brucella abortus</i> (5.6%). <b>Conclusions:</b> We found that livestock and their associated ectoparasitic biting keds carry a number of infectious hemopathogens, including the zoonotic <i>B. abortus</i>. Dog keds harbored the most pathogens, suggesting dogs, which closely interact with livestock and humans, as key reservoirs of diseases in Laisamis. These findings can guide policy makers in disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":74358,"journal":{"name":"Open research Africa","volume":"5 ","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9791675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferences and Expectations of Feedback of Individual Genetic Research Results in African Genomics: Views of South African Parents of Children With Neurodevelopmental Conditions","authors":"O. Matshabane, Cleo A Albertus, Marlyn C. Faure, D. Ralefala, K. Donald, A. Wonkam, J. D. Vries","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-107280/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-107280/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 BackgroundGenomic medicine is expanding at an exponential pace across the globe and increased access to genome analysis has led to greater generations of genetic results with specific relevance to individuals. AimThis study aims to explore preferences and expectations of feedback of individual genetic research results among parents of children with neurodevelopmental conditions. MethodsFollowing a qualitative approach, we conducted four deliberative focus group discussions with (n=27) South African parents of children involved in genomics research on neurodevelopmental conditions. ResultsMost participants expressed a strong interest in receiving individual genetic results regardless of severity, actionability and preventability. These results were viewed as valuable because they could empower or emancipate individuals, families and communities. Receiving risk information was also believed to motivate healthier lifestyle choices. However, some participants were uncertain or articulated a desire not to receive results due to fears of anxiety or psychological harm. In addition, participants expected to receive results as a demonstration of respect from researchers and articulated it as an act to build trust between researchers and participants. ConclusionsInternationally, a debate continues around whether individual genetic results should or should not be fed back to participants of research studies. In Africa, there is scant literature which has investigated this question and no policies to guide researchers. This study provides a basis of empirical data on perspectives of African participants which could inform work on the development of a consolidated approach to the feedback of incidental findings in the continent.","PeriodicalId":74358,"journal":{"name":"Open research Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41565545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}