NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Substances of abuse and their effect on SAR-CoV-2 pathogenesis.","authors":"Ivy Antwi, Destiny Watkins, Alahn Pedawi, Atheel Ghrayeb, Christine Van de Vuurst, Theodore J Cory","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, various reports suggest that there has been a significant increase in substance abuse due to social distancing and related issues. Several reports have suggested the impact of chronic substance use on individuals' physiological and psychological health. Therefore, there is a need to know the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on persons with substance use disorders. Individuals with substance use disorders are the most vulnerable groups and are at a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their already existing health issues associated with substance use. This review discusses some of the molecular and systemic/organic effects chronic substance use such as alcohol, nicotine, marijuana (cannabis), opioids, methamphetamine, and cocaine have on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and its potential cause for worsened disease outcomes in persons with substance use disorder. This will provide healthcare providers, public health policies, and researchers with the needed knowledge to address some of the many challenges faced during the Covid-19 pandemic to facilitate treatment strategies for persons with substance use disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"2 1","pages":"301-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10474379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47402015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor subjective sleep reported by people living with HIV is associated with impaired working memory.","authors":"Natalie M Zahr, Edith V Sullivan, Adolf Pfefferbaum","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor sleep can undermine health and may be especially disruptive to those with chronic conditions including HIV infection. Here, clinically well-described people living with HIV [PLWH] (74 men, 35 women) and healthy control (38 men, 35 women) participants were administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a validated measure of subjective sleep with a global score ≥5 able to distinguish good from poor sleepers. In addition, participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. PLWH (6.8 ± 3.7) had higher global PSQI scores than healthy controls (4.1 ± 2.8): 39.7 % of uninfected controls and 68.8 % of PLWH had a PSQI≥5 indicative of poor sleep. There were no relations between the global PSQI score and any evaluated variables among uninfected individuals or with demographic or HIV-related variables in PLWH. Instead, a higher global PSQI score among PLWH was associated with worse \"Quality of Life\" scores [Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF, p=0.0007), Medical Outcomes Study survey (21-item short form, SF-21, p<i><</i>0.0001), and Activities of Daily Living-Instrumental (ADL-I, p=0.0041)] and higher Beck Depression Index (BDI, p<i><</i>0.0001) depressive symptoms. Further, in PLWH, higher global PSQI scores were associated with poor performance on a working memory task, the digit backward span (p=0.0036). In PLWH, the 5 variables together explained 32.3 % of the global PSQI score variance; only 3 variables - the SF-21, BDI, and digit backward scores - explained 30.6 % of the variance. To the extent that poor subjective sleep contributes to impaired working memory in HIV, we speculate that this impairment may be ameliorated by improved sleep health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"2 1","pages":"127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46212192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal tobacco exposure on brain morphometry partially mediated poor cognitive performance in preadolescent children.","authors":"Pedro J Rodriguez Rivera, Huajun Liang, Amal Isaiah, Christine C Cloak, Miriam S Menken, Meghann C Ryan, Thomas Ernst, Linda Chang","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate whether prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) is related to poorer cognitive performance, abnormal brain morphometry, and whether poor cognitive performance is mediated by PTE-related structural brain differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study dataset was used to compare structural MRI data and neurocognitive (NIH Toolbox^®) scores in 9-to-10-year-old children with (n=620) and without PTE (n=10,989). We also evaluated whether PTE effects on brain morphometry mediated PTE effects on neurocognitive scores. Group effects were evaluated using Linear Mixed Models, covaried for socio-demographics and prenatal exposures to alcohol and/or marijuana, and corrected for multiple comparisons using the false-discovery rate (FDR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to unexposed children, those with PTE had poorer performance (all p-values <0.05) on executive function, working memory, episodic memory, reading decoding, crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and overall cognition. Exposed children also had thinner parahippocampal gyri, smaller surface areas in the posterior-cingulate and pericalcarine cortices; the lingual and inferior parietal gyri, and smaller thalamic volumes (all p-values <0.001). Furthermore, among children with PTE, girls had smaller surface areas in the superior-frontal (interaction-FDR-p=0.01), precuneus (interaction-FDR-p=0.03) and postcentral gyri (interaction-FDR-p=0.02), while boys had smaller putamen volumes (interaction-FDR-p=0.02). Smaller surface areas across regions of the frontal and parietal lobes, and lower thalamic volumes, partially mediated the associations between PTE and poorer neurocognitive scores (p-values <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest PTE may lead to poorer cognitive performance and abnormal brain morphometry, with sex-specific effects in some brain regions, in pre-adolescent children. The poor cognition in children with PTE may result from the smaller areas and subcortical brain volumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"375-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46661305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol and its analogs suppress HIV replication, oxidative stress, and inflammation in macrophages.","authors":"Santosh Kumar, Namita Sinha, Sunitha Kodidela, Sandip Godse, Bhupesh Singla, Udai P Singh, Hari K Bhat","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>HIV suppression in brain viral reservoirs, especially macrophages, and microglia is critical to suppress HIV neuropathogenesis and subsequently HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Since most antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs do not achieve optimal therapeutic concentrations in the brain and can cause neurotoxicity, an alternative/adjuvant therapy is needed to suppress HIV neuropathogenesis. In this study, our objectives were to examine the anti-HIV, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of resveratrol (RES) and its synthetic analogs 4-(E)-{(p-tolylimino)-methylbenzene-1,2-diol} (TIMBD) and 4-(E)-{(4-hydroxyphenylimino)-methylbenzene,1,2-diol} (HPIMBD) in HIV-infected macrophages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used HIV replication (viral load), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes), and inflammatory response (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines) assays to achieve the objectives of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that RES and its analogs HPIMBD and TIMBD at 25 µM concentration significantly decrease HIV replication in both primary monocyte-derived macrophages and U1-differentiated macrophages. Moreover, RES and its analogs do not induce any cytotoxicity for up to 3 days in these cells. Further, treatment with RES and TIMBD (25 µM) also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species without affecting the expression of antioxidant enzymes, SOD1, and catalase in U1 macrophages. Besides, RES and HPIMBD treatment inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in U1 macrophages, which was associated with decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, our western blot experiments show that RES also decreases cellular proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is usually elevated in both myeloid and neuronal cells upon HIV infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Taken together, our results suggest that RES and/or its analogs are important adjuvants that may be used not only to suppress HIV but also oxidative stress and inflammation in brain viral reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"0 1","pages":"365-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43147123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The elusive role of herpesviruses in Alzheimer's disease: current evidence and future directions.","authors":"Stacey L Piotrowski, Allison Tucker, Steven Jacobson","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. While pathologic hallmarks, such as extracellular beta-amyloid plaques, are well-characterized in affected individuals, the pathogenesis that causes plaque formation and eventual cognitive decline is not well understood. A recent resurgence of the decades-old \"infectious hypothesis\" has garnered increased attention on the potential role that microbes may play in AD. In this theory, it is thought that pathogens such as viruses may act as seeds for beta-amyloid aggregation, ultimately leading to plaques. Interest in the infectious hypothesis has also spurred further investigation into additional characteristics of viral infection that may play a role in AD progression, such as neuroinflammation, latency, and viral DNA integration. While a flurry of research in this area has been recently published, with herpesviruses being of particular interest, the role of pathogens in AD remains controversial. In this review, the insights gained thus far into the possible role of herpesviruses in AD are summarized. The challenges and potential future directions of herpesvirus research in AD and dementia are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"2 1","pages":"253-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10474380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41377612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NLRP3 inflammasome activation underlies the neuro-oxidative stress associated with Methamphetamine (METH) and SARS-CoV2 induced co-morbidity in human microglia","authors":"Janvhi S. Machhar, Elias Abou-Jaoude, S. Schwartz, R. Aalinkeel, S. Mahajan","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nipt-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acute and chronic use of Methamphetamine (METH) has critical immunological implications and METH users are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV2 infection. Inflammasomes are activated in response to SARS-CoV2 infection. METH also activates NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and promotes neuro cognitive deficits. The goal of the study was to examine the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in METH and/or SARS-CoV2 induced neuro-oxidative stress in microglial cells. Our results suggests that METH +/− SARS-CoV2 initiated a neuro immune-inflammatory response and mitochondrial oxidative stress via NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced increased Caspase −1 and increased lipid peroxidation. Our data suggests that SARS-CoV2 infection in METH abusing subjects may result in long-term neurological deficits resulting from microglial dysfunction and apoptosis attributed to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45564754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) using the NIH Toolbox^® and PROMIS.","authors":"Meghann C Ryan, Huajun Liang, Eleanor Wilson, Andrea Levine, Shyamasundaran Kottilil, Thomas Ernst, Linda Chang","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"10.1515/nipt-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify neuropsychiatric symptoms reported by individuals with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) using the NIH Toolbox^® for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>30 PASC (20 women, 21-63 years) and 27 control (16 women, 25-68 years) participants completed three NIHTB batteries and selected PROMIS tests. Group differences on fully corrected T-scores were evaluated using analysis of covariance and Cohen's <i>d</i> effect sizes. A linear regression model predicted the effects from time since diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PASC had poorer emotional health and motor function than controls, including poorer locomotion, endurance and dexterity, but normal cognitive function, ~7 months post-infection, compared to controls. PASC participants had a steeper age-related decline on 2-Minute Walk than controls. T-scores on four cognitive and three motor tests improved with longer time since diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NIHTB and PROMIS captured the poorer emotional health and motor function in PASC, including the novel findings of deficits locomotion and dexterity. The normal cognitive performance suggests subclinical effects that may be compensated by neural and cognitive reserves, and manifested subjectively by the negative psychological effects and fatigue. The persistent emotional and psychiatric symptoms necessitate mental health treatment be prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"2 2","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10373798/pdf/nihms-1872875.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10260959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 27th Scientific Conference of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology: New Delhi, India, March 15-18, 2023.","authors":"Sulie L Chang,&nbsp;Pankaj Seth,&nbsp;Jun Zhu,&nbsp;Gurudutt Pendyala,&nbsp;Jean M Bidlack,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nipt-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 27th Scientific Conference of the Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology (SNIP) in New Delhi, India, on March 15-18, 2023 is a historic summit of experts from around the world. The four day conference provides insights into the latest and most advanced science in the intersecting areas of neuroscience, immunology, pharmacology, and its translational aspects, in particular, HIV and drug abuse. Abstracts are ordered in three major groups: (1) Symposium speakers (S1-S64), (2) Investigator Posters (I1-I18), and (3) Trainee Poster (T1-T28).</p>","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"2 2","pages":"187-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9849471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutive expression of HIV-1 viral proteins induces progressive synaptodendritic alterations in medium spiny neurons: implications for substance use disorders","authors":"K. McLaurin, Hailong Li, C. Mactutus, R. Booze","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nipt-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Perinatally-infected adolescents living with HIV-1 (pALHIV) appear uniquely vulnerable to developing substance use disorders (SUD). Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc), an integrator of cortical and thalamic input, have been implicated as a key structural locus for the pathogenesis of SUD. To date, however, how constitutive expression of HIV-1 viral proteins alters the development of MSNs in the NAcc has not been systematically evaluated. Methods An innovative ballistic labeling technique was utilized to examine MSNs in the NAcc, and associated dendritic spines, in HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) and control animals. First, a time-sequential longitudinal experimental design was implemented, whereby animals were sacrificed at 30-day intervals from postnatal day (PD) 30 to PD 180. Second, the therapeutic efficacy of S-Equol for HIV-1-associated synaptic dysfunction in MSNs was evaluated using a cross-sectional experimental design. Results Constitutive expression of HIV-1 viral proteins disrupted the development of MSNs, evidenced by alterations in neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, age-related, progressive synaptodendritic alterations were observed in the patterning of dendritic branches and dendritic spines, as well as dendritic spine head diameter, in HIV-1 Tg, relative to control, animals. Treatment with S-Equol during the formative period, however, led to long-term enhancements in synaptic function (i.e., PD 180). Conclusions Developmental and progressive synaptodendritic alterations in MSNs induced by chronic HIV-1 viral protein exposure may underlie the increased propensity for pALHIV to develop SUD. Elucidating a potential neural mechanism underlying the unique vulnerability of pALHIV to SUD affords a fundamental opportunity for the evaluation of therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"2 1","pages":"153 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49631413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/nipt-2023-frontmatter2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nipt-2023-frontmatter2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74278,"journal":{"name":"NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}