Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany)最新文献_第2页

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220064

B. Friedrich, D. Kleppner, D. Herschbach

引用次数: 0

Design of material regulatory mechanism for electrocatalytic converting NO/NO 3 − to NH 3 progress 电催化转化NO/ no3−制nh3过程的材料调控机制设计

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220047

Guolong Lu, Sanshuang Gao, Qi Liu, Shusheng Zhang, Jun Luo, Xijun Liu

引用次数: 2

Deforestation alters species interactions 森林砍伐改变了物种间的相互作用

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220027

Benjamin Howes, Manuela González‐Suárez, H. Jensen, L. Anjos, P. Develey, J. Hatfield, J. C. Morante‐Filho, Alexandre Uezu, Cristina Banks‐Leite

引用次数: 2

Bioorthogonal chemical imaging of solid lipid nanoparticles with minimal labeling by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy 受激拉曼散射显微镜下固体脂质纳米颗粒最小标记的生物正交化学成像

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.202103304

Xiaoqi Lang, Xin Gao, Mian Wei, Naixin Qian, Wei Min

引用次数: 2

Link between anisotropic electrochemistry and surface transformations at single‐crystal silicon electrodes: Implications for lithium‐ion batteries 单晶硅电极的各向异性电化学和表面转化之间的联系:对锂离子电池的影响

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20210607

Daniel Martín‐Yerga, M. Bahri, M. Curd, Xiangdong Xu, Weiqun Li, T. Burnett, P. Withers, B. Mehdi, N. Browning, P. Unwin

{"title":"Link between anisotropic electrochemistry and surface transformations at single‐crystal silicon electrodes: Implications for lithium‐ion batteries","authors":"Daniel Martín‐Yerga, M. Bahri, M. Curd, Xiangdong Xu, Weiqun Li, T. Burnett, P. Withers, B. Mehdi, N. Browning, P. Unwin","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20210607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20210607","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon is a promising negative electrode material for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries (LiBs) but suffers from significant degradation due to the mechanical stress induced by lithiation. Volume expansion and lithiation in Si are strongly anisotropic but associated early interfacial transformations linked to these phenomena and their implications for electrode performance remain poorly understood. Here we develop a novel correlative electrochemical multi-microscopy approach to study local interfacial degradation at the early stages for three different surface orientations of Si single crystals: Si(100), Si(110) and Si(311), after Li-ion electrochemical cycling. The experimental strategy combines scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) measurements with subsequently recorded scanning transmission electron microscopy images of high-quality cross sections of Si electrodes, extracted at selected SECCM regions, using a novel Xe + plasma-focused ion beam procedure. These studies reveal significant surface orientation–dependent nanoscale degradation mechanisms that strongly control electrode performance. Si(100) was immune to interfacial degradation showing the best lithiation reversibility, whereas local nanoscale delamination was observed in Si(110) leading to a lower Coulombic efficiency. Continuous electrochemical deactivation of Si(311) was associated with delamination across the whole interface, Li trapping and formation of thick (ca. 60 nm) SiO 2 structures. These results demonstrate surface crystallography to be a critical factor when designing Si-based","PeriodicalId":74244,"journal":{"name":"Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany)","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72663482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Design strategies of the mantis shrimp spike: How the crustacean cuticle became a remarkable biological harpoon 螳螂虾刺的设计策略:甲壳类动物角质层如何成为一个非凡的生物鱼叉

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220060

Yann Delaunois, A. Tits, Q. Grossman, S. Smeets, C. Malherbe, G. Eppe, G. V. van Lenthe, D. Ruffoni, P. Compère

引用次数: 0

Prevalent use and evolution of exonic regulatory sequences in the human genome 外显子调控序列在人类基因组中的普遍使用和进化

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220058

Jing Chen, Pengyu Ni, Siwen Wu, Meng Niu, Jun‐tao Guo, Zhengsheng Su

{"title":"Prevalent use and evolution of exonic regulatory sequences in the human genome","authors":"Jing Chen, Pengyu Ni, Siwen Wu, Meng Niu, Jun‐tao Guo, Zhengsheng Su","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20220058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20220058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It has long been known that exons can serve as cis‐ regulatory sequences, such as enhancers. However, the prevalence of such dual‐use of exons and how they evolve remain elusive. Based on our recently predicted, highly accurate large sets of cis ‐regulatory module candidates (CRMCs) and non‐CRMCs in the human genome, we find that exonic transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) occupy at least a third of the total exon lengths, and 96.7% of genes have exonic TFBSs. Both A/T and C/G in exonic TFBSs are more likely under evolutionary constraints than those in non‐CRMC exons. Exonic TFBSs in codons tend to encode loops rather than more critical helices and strands in protein structures, while exonic TFBSs in untranslated regions (UTRs) tend to avoid positions where known UTR‐related functions are located. Moreover, active exonic TFBSs tend to be in close physical proximity to distal promoters whose genes have elevated transcription levels. These results suggest that exonic TFBSs might be more prevalent than originally thought and likely in dual‐use. We proposed a parsimonious model that well explains the observed evolutionary behaviors of exonic TFBS as well as how a stretch of codons evolve into a TFBS. Key points There are more exonic regulatory sequences in the human genome than originally thought. Exonic transcription factor binding sites are more likely under negative selection or positive selection than counterpart nonregulatory sequences. Exonic transcription factor binding sites tend to be located in genome sequences that encode less critical loops in protein structures, or in less critical parts in 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions.","PeriodicalId":74244,"journal":{"name":"Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wafer‐scale single‐crystalline MoSe 2 and WSe 2 monolayers grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy at low‐temperature — the role of island‐substrate interaction and surface steps 低温下分子束外延生长的硅片级单晶MoSe 2和WSe 2单层-岛-衬底相互作用和表面步骤的作用

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220059

Yipu Xia, Degong Ding, Ke Xiao, Junqiu Zhang, Shaogang Xu, Daliang He, Xingyu Yue, Q. Rao, Xiong Wang, Sujuan Ding, Guoyun Gao, Hongxia Xue, Yueyang Wang, Mengfei Yuan, W. Ho, Dong-Keun Ki, Hu Xu, X. Cui, C. Jin, M. Xie

引用次数: 4

Mid‐infrared dual‐comb polarimetry of anisotropic samples 各向异性样品的中红外双梳偏振法

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220056

K. Hinrichs, Brianna Blevins, A. Furchner, N. S. Yadavalli, Sergiy Minko, R. Horvath, Markus Mangold

{"title":"Mid‐infrared dual‐comb polarimetry of anisotropic samples","authors":"K. Hinrichs, Brianna Blevins, A. Furchner, N. S. Yadavalli, Sergiy Minko, R. Horvath, Markus Mangold","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20220056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20220056","url":null,"abstract":"The mid-infrared (mid-IR) anisotropic optical response of a material probes vibrational ﬁngerprints and absorption bands sensitive to order, structure and direction dependent stimuli. Such anisotropic properties play a fundamental role in catalysis, optoelectronic, photonic, polymer and biomedical research and applications. Infrared dual-comb polarimetry (IR-DCP) is introduced as a powerful new spectroscopic method for the analysis of complex dielectric functions and anisotropic samples in the mid-IR range. IR DCP enables novel hyperspectral and time-resolved applications far beyond the technical possibilities of classical Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) approaches. The method unravels structure–spectra relations at high spectral bandwidth (100 cm–1) and short integration times of 65 μ s, with previously unattainable time resolutions for spectral IR polarimetric measurements for potential studies of noncyclic and irreversible processes. The polarimetric capabilities of IR-DCP are demonstrated by investigating an anisotropic inhomogeneous free-standing nanoﬁber scaﬀold for neural tissue applications. Polarization sensitive multi-angle dual-comb transmission amplitude and absolute phase measurements (separately for ss-, pp-, ps-and sp-polarized light) allow the in-depth probing of the samples’ orientation dependent vibrational absorption properties. Mid-IR anisotropies can be quickly identiﬁed by cross-polarized IR-DCP polarimetry.","PeriodicalId":74244,"journal":{"name":"Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79685042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Noncovalent chalcogen and tetrel bonding interactions: Spectroscopic study of halide–carbonyl sulfide complexes 非共价键与四烷基键的相互作用:卤化物-羰基硫化物配合物的光谱研究

Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220057

Christian T. Haakansson, Peter D. Watson, Timothy R. Corkish, H. T. Robinson, A. McKinley, D. Wild

引用次数: 0