Nano reviews最新文献

{"title":"Label-free electrical detection of DNA hybridization using carbon nanotubes and graphene.","authors":"Dongliang Fu,&nbsp;Lain-Jong Li","doi":"10.3402/nano.v1i0.5354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interface between biosystems and nanomaterials is emerging for detection of various biomolecules and subtle cellular activities. In particular, the development of cost-effective and sequence-selective DNA detection is urgent for the diagnosis of genetic or pathogenic diseases. Graphene-based nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and thin graphene layers, have been employed as biosensors because they are biocompatible, extraordinarily sensitive, and promising for large-area detection. Electrical and label-free detection of DNA can be achieved by monitoring the conductance change of devices fabricated from these carbon materials. Here, the recent advances in this research area are briefly reviewed. The key issues and perspectives of future development are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74237,"journal":{"name":"Nano reviews","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9374411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid micro-/nanogels for optical sensing and intracellular imaging.","authors":"Weitai Wu,&nbsp;Shuiqin Zhou","doi":"10.3402/nano.v1i0.5730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hybrid micro-/nanogels are playing an increasing important part in a diverse range of applications, due to their tunable dimensions, large surface area, stable interior network structure, and a very short response time. We review recent advances and challenges in the developments of hybrid micro-/nanogels toward applications for optical sensing of pH, temperature, glucose, ions, and other species as well as for intracellular imaging. Due to their unique advantages, hybrid micro-/nanogels as optical probes are attracting substantial interests for continuous monitoring of chemical parameters in complex samples such as blood and bioreactor fluids, in chemical research and industry, and in food quality control. In particular, their intracellular probing ability enables the monitoring of the biochemistry and biophysics of live cells over time and space, thus contributing to the explanation of intricate biological processes and the development of novel diagnoses. Unlike most other probes, hybrid micro-/nanogels could also combine other multiple functions into a single probe. The rational design of hybrid micro-/nanogels will not only improve the probing applications as desirable, but also implement their applications in new arenas. With ongoing rapid advances in bionanotechnology, the well-designed hybrid micro-/nanogel probes will be able to provide simultaneous sensing, imaging diagnosis, and therapy toward clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":74237,"journal":{"name":"Nano reviews","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5730","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9374417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron oxide-based nanomagnets in nanomedicine: fabrication and applications.","authors":"Meng Meng Lin, Hyung-Hwan Kim, Hyuck Kim, Mamoun Muhammed, Do Kyung Kim","doi":"10.3402/nano.v1i0.4883","DOIUrl":"10.3402/nano.v1i0.4883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron oxide-based nanomagnets have attracted a great deal of attention in nanomedicine over the past decade. Down to the nanoscale, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can only be magnetized in the presence of an external magnetic field, which makes them capable of forming stable colloids in a physio-biological medium. Their superparamagnetic property, together with other intrinsic properties, such as low cytotoxicity, colloidal stability, and bioactive molecule conjugation capability, makes such nanomagnets ideal in both in-vitro and in-vivo biomedical applications. In this review, a chemical, physical, and biological synthetic approach to prepare iron oxide-based nanomagnets with different physicochemical properties was illustrated and compared. The growing interest in iron oxide-based nanomagnets with multifunctionalities was explored in cancer diagnostics and treatment, focusing on their combined roles in a magnetic resonance contrast agent, hyperthermia, and magnetic force assisted drug delivery. Iron oxides as magnetic carriers in gene therapy were reviewed with a focus on the sophisticated design and construction of magnetic vectors. Finally, the iron oxide-based nanomagnet also represents a very promising tool in particle/cell interfacing in controlling cellular functionalities, such as adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and cell patterning, in stem cell therapy and tissue engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":74237,"journal":{"name":"Nano reviews","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/65/NANO-1-4883.PMC3215210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9374414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano reviews.","authors":"Vasudevanpillai Biju","doi":"10.3402/nano.v1i0.5054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5054","url":null,"abstract":"W elcome to Nano Reviews, a new and unique Open Access journal in the Nanoscience, Na-notechnology, Nanobiotechnology, and Single-molecule research areas Á the 3NS field. Research results in the 3NS field are crucial to the fundamental challenges we face in the biomedical and environmental sciences, and give us the tools and the raw materials we need to support future technological development. At present, our knowledge in the 3NS field can be compared to the fusion and branching of flooding rivers, but it is now high time to gather and structure existent reference materials for the precise implementation of future research, education , and technology. The purpose of Nano Reviews is to organize and structure cutting edge and high-quality research in the 3NS field and disseminate the information under the Open Access publishing model, thus bringing the entire 3NS community together to accelerate scientific developments in our field. Synthesis of inorganic and organic nanomaterials and the integration of nanomaterials with biomolecules provide the basic building blocks within the 3NS field. The unique materials and technologies that have emerged during the advancement of 3NS research have been extensively utilized to untangle problems in the biomedi-cal field, indicating that a strong but largely concealed interplay exists among functional and structural nano-materials, micro-nanofabrication, theory, bioinformatics, bioconjugate chemistry, biophysics, biological chemistry, biotechnology, and medical and engineering sciences. This interplay is now at the heart of an explosion of 3NS and cross-disciplinary research results that are being published on a daily basis. As a next stage it is necessary to organize, structure, and unify our accomplishments to date. Given the distribution of countless and perpetual original research reports at present, comprehensive information in palatable forms is required for the complete utilization of important findings in each field. Nano Reviews offers a solution to this challenge. This was the rationale behind my proposal to launch the journal which I believe will enable us to equip students, researchers , and teachers with structured information within a single forum. In addition to in-depth review articles, Nano Reviews will publish Short Communications under the section 'Nano Express,' as well as Perspectives on cutting-edge research of the highest quality in the 3NS field to encourage brainstorming and cross-pollination. To publish in the 'Nano Express' section, please send us your very best research results in one of the 3NS fields. Nano Reviews is a completely interdisciplinary forum that has been launched to …","PeriodicalId":74237,"journal":{"name":"Nano reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30278328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of nanomaterials in two-terminal resistive-switching memory devices.","authors":"Jianyong Ouyang","doi":"10.3402/nano.v1i0.5118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanometer materials have been attracting strong attention due to their interesting structure and properties. Many important practical applications have been demonstrated for nanometer materials based on their unique properties. This article provides a review on the fabrication, electrical characterization, and memory application of two-terminal resistive-switching devices using nanomaterials as the active components, including metal and semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs), nanotubes, nanowires, and graphenes. There are mainly two types of device architectures for the two-terminal devices with NPs. One has a triple-layer structure with a metal film sandwiched between two organic semiconductor layers, and the other has a single polymer film blended with NPs. These devices can be electrically switched between two states with significant different resistances, i.e. the 'ON' and 'OFF' states. These render the devices important application as two-terminal non-volatile memory devices. The electrical behavior of these devices can be affected by the materials in the active layer and the electrodes. Though the mechanism for the electrical switches has been in argument, it is generally believed that the resistive switches are related to charge storage on the NPs. Resistive switches were also observed on crossbars formed by nanotubes, nanowires, and graphene ribbons. The resistive switches are due to nanoelectromechanical behavior of the materials. The Coulombic interaction of transient charges on the nanomaterials affects the configurable gap of the crossbars, which results into significant change in current through the crossbars. These nanoelectromechanical devices can be used as fast-response and high-density memory devices as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":74237,"journal":{"name":"Nano reviews","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9374416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION).","authors":"Neenu Singh,&nbsp;Gareth J S Jenkins,&nbsp;Romisa Asadi,&nbsp;Shareen H Doak","doi":"10.3402/nano.v1i0.5358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are being widely used for various biomedical applications, for example, magnetic resonance imaging, targeted delivery of drugs or genes, and in hyperthermia. Although, the potential benefits of SPION are considerable, there is a distinct need to identify any potential cellular damage associated with these nanoparticles. Besides focussing on cytotoxicity, the most commonly used determinant of toxicity as a result of exposure to SPION, this review also mentions the importance of studying the subtle cellular alterations in the form of DNA damage and oxidative stress. We review current studies and discuss how SPION, with or without different surface coating, may cause cellular perturbations including modulation of actin cytoskeleton, alteration in gene expression profiles, disturbance in iron homeostasis and altered cellular responses such as activation of signalling pathways and impairment of cell cycle regulation. The importance of protein-SPION interaction and various safety considerations relating to SPION exposure are also addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74237,"journal":{"name":"Nano reviews","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9743741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colloidal quantum dot light-emitting devices.","authors":"Vanessa Wood,&nbsp;Vladimir Bulović","doi":"10.3402/nano.v1i0.5202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colloidal quantum dot light-emitting devices (QD-LEDs) have generated considerable interest for applications such as thin film displays with improved color saturation and white lighting with a high color rendering index (CRI). We review the key advantages of using quantum dots (QDs) in display and lighting applications, including their color purity, solution processability, and stability. After highlighting the main developments in QD-LED technology in the past 15 years, we describe the three mechanisms for exciting QDs - optical excitation, Förster energy transfer, and direct charge injection - that have been leveraged to create QD-LEDs. We outline the challenges facing QD-LED development, such as QD charging and QD luminescence quenching in QD thin films. We describe how optical downconversion schemes have enabled researchers to overcome these challenges and develop commercial lighting products that incorporate QDs to achieve desirable color temperature and a high CRI while maintaining efficiencies comparable to inorganic white LEDs (>65 lumens per Watt). We conclude by discussing some current directions in QD research that focus on achieving higher efficiency and air-stable QD-LEDs using electrical excitation of the luminescent QDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74237,"journal":{"name":"Nano reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30274987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}