Molecular and cellular pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Molecular detection and characterization of Shigella spp. harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in children with diarrhea in northwest Iran.","authors":"Sahar Sabour,&nbsp;Amir Teimourpour,&nbsp;Jafar Mohammadshahi,&nbsp;Hadi Peeridogaheh,&nbsp;Roghayeh Teimourpour,&nbsp;Taher Azimi,&nbsp;Zahra Hosseinali","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00152-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00152-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shigellosis is one of the acute bowel infections and remains a serious public health problem in resource-poor countries. The present study aimed to survey the distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Shigella strains isolated from patients with diarrhea in northwest Iran. In the present cross-sectional study, from January 2019 to December 2020, 1280 fecal samples were collected from children with diarrhea in Ardabil, Iran. Multiplex PCR assay was applied for the presence of ipaH, invC, wbgZ, rfpB, and rfc genes to detect Shigella spp., Shigella sonnei, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella boydii, respectively. Phenotypic detection of ESBL-producing isolates was carried out using the Double Disc Test (DDT). The frequency of main ESBL encoding genes including bla_CTX-M, bla_SHV, and bla_TEM was detected using multiplex PCR. The genetic similarity of S. sonnei isolates was determined using ERIC PCR. A total of 49 Shigella isolates (3.8%; 49/1280) including 42 (85.7%) S. sonnei, 5 (10.2%) S. flexneri, and 2 (4%) S. dysenteriae were identified. S. boydii was not detected in any fecal samples. ESBLs were produced by 10.2% of Shigella spp. including 3 S. sonnei, 1 S. flexneri, and 1 S. dysenteriae. The ESBL encoding genes include bla_CTX-M and bla_TEM found in 65.3% and 61.2% of isolates, respectively. bla_SHV gene was not detected in any isolates. The ERIC-PCR profiles allowed the differentiation of 42 S. sonnei strains into 6 clusters. Our study revealed a high frequency of ESBL-encoding genes among Shigella spp. in northwest Iran. The high prevalence of S. sonnei harboring ESBL genes, in the present work, is the main challenge for dysentery treatment, and this concern justifies the need for effective and regular monitoring of antibiotic usage among patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":"9 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10537958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous fat necrosis in newborns: a systematic literature review of case reports and model of pathophysiology.","authors":"Leonie Frank,&nbsp;Stephanie Brandt,&nbsp;Martin Wabitsch","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00151-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00151-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a rare disease occurring in the first days of life. Characteristically, the infants show hard nodules in subcutaneous tissue, purple or erythematous in color and appear on the upper back, cheeks, buttocks and limbs. In most cases, SCFN is a self-limiting disease, as the nodules disappear in up to 6 months. A severe complication associated with SCFN is hypercalcaemia. Pathophysiological mechanisms causing SCFN or associated hypercalcaemia are not fully understood yet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature research including the six biggest databases for medical research has been used to identify all published case reports of SCFN. N = 206 publications has been identified containing n = 320 case reports. All cases have been classified into four subgroups (depending on reported serum-calcium-level): hypercalcaemia, normocalcaemia, hypocalcaemia or no information given. Reported maternal factors, birth characteristics, details about SCFN, diagnostics, therapy and long-term observations have been extracted from publications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This is the first systematic literature research that summed up all published cases of SCFN from 1948 up to 2018. Information about serum calcium level was given in 64.3% of the cases. From those, the majority showed hypercalcaemia (70.5%) (normocalcaemia 25.1%, hypocalcemia 4.3%). 89.3% of newborns with hypercalcaemia showed suppressed levels of the parathormone. Maternal gestational diabetes, maternal hypertensive diseases during pregnancy, macrosomia (> 4000g), asphyxia and therapeutic hypothermia are risk factors for SCFN. Histological findings showed a granulomatous inflammation in 98% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified that maternal, birth characteristics and therapeutic measures are probably risk factors for SCFN. These risk factors should be taken into account within the care of neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":"9 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9700527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10623827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interstitium at the developing nephron in the fetal kidney during advanced pregnancy - a microanatomical inventory.","authors":"Will W Minuth","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00149-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00149-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A series of noxae can evoke the termination of nephron formation in preterm and low birth weight babies. This results in oligonephropathy with severe consequences for health in the later life. Although the clinical parameters have been extensively investigated, little is known about the initial damage. Previous pathological findings indicate the reduction in width of the nephrogenic zone and the lack of S-shaped bodies. Current morphological investigations suggest that due to the mutual patterning beside the forming nephron, also its structural neighbors, particularly the interjacent interstitium, must be affected. However, beside the findings on integrative and mastering functions, systematic microanatomical data explaining the configuration of the interstitium at the developing nephron in the fetal kidney during advanced pregnancy is not available. Therefore, this work explains the typical features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The generated data depicts that the progenitor cells, nephrogenic niche, pretubular aggregate, and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition are restricted to the subcapsular interstitium. During the proceeding development, only the distal pole of the renal vesicles and comma- and S-shaped bodies stays in further contact with it. The respective proximal pole is positioned opposite the peritubular interstitium at the connecting tubule of an underlying but previously formed nephron. The related medial aspect faces the narrow peritubular interstitium of a collecting duct (CD) ampulla first only at its tip, then at its head, conus, and neck, and finally at the differentiating CD tubule. The lateral aspect starts at the subcapsular interstitium, but then it is positioned along the wide perivascular interstitium of the neighboring ascending perforating radiate artery. When the nephron matures, the interstitial configuration changes again.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present investigation illustrates that the interstitium at the forming nephron in the fetal kidney consists of existing, transient, stage-specific, and differently far matured compartments. According to the developmental needs, it changes its shape by formation, degradation, fusion, and rebuilding.</p>","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9411487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40638378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of immune cell recruitment and BPD development.","authors":"Motaharehsadat Heydarian,&nbsp;Christian Schulz,&nbsp;Tobias Stoeger,&nbsp;Anne Hilgendorff","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00148-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00148-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the neonatal lung, exposure to both prenatal and early postnatal risk factors converge into the development of injury and ultimately chronic disease, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The focus of many studies has been the characteristic inflammatory responses provoked by these exposures. Here, we review the relationship between immaturity and prenatal conditions, as well as postnatal exposure to mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity, with the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulatory networks. In these conditions, cytokine release, protease activity, and sustained presence of innate immune cells in the lung result in pathologic processes contributing to lung injury. We highlight the recruitment and function of myeloid innate immune cells, in particular, neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages in the BPD lung in human patients and animal models. We also discuss dissimilarities between the infant and adult immune system as a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9346035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40663733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Infant formulas with synthetic oligosaccharides and respective marketing practices: Position Statement of the German Society for Child and Adolescent Medicine e.V. (DGKJ), Commission for Nutrition.","authors":"Christoph Bührer,&nbsp;Regina Ensenauer,&nbsp;Frank Jochum,&nbsp;Hermann Kalhoff,&nbsp;Berthold Koletzko,&nbsp;Burkhard Lawrenz,&nbsp;Walter Mihatsch,&nbsp;Carsten Posovszky,&nbsp;Silvia Rudloff","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00147-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00147-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9308842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40531031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution label-free mapping of murine kidney vasculature by raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy: an ex vivo study.","authors":"Colin A Goebel,&nbsp;Emma Brown,&nbsp;Fabian B Fahlbusch,&nbsp;Alexandra L Wagner,&nbsp;Adrian Buehler,&nbsp;Thomas Raupach,&nbsp;Martin Hohmann,&nbsp;Moritz Späth,&nbsp;Neal Burton,&nbsp;Joachim Woelfle,&nbsp;Michael Schmidt,&nbsp;Andrea Hartner,&nbsp;Adrian P Regensburger,&nbsp;Ferdinand Knieling","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00144-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00144-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global burden affecting both children and adults. Novel imaging modalities hold great promise to visualize and quantify structural, functional, and molecular organ damage. The aim of the study was to visualize and quantify murine renal vasculature using label-free raster scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) in explanted organs from mice with renal injury.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>For the experiments, freshly bisected kidneys of alpha 8 integrin knock-out (KO) and wildtype mice (WT) were used. A total of n=7 female (n=4 KO, n=3 WT) and n=6 male animals (n=2 KO, n=4 WT) aged 6 weeks were examined with RSOM optoacoustic imaging systems (RSOM Explorer P50 at SWL 532nm and/or ms-P50 imaging system at 532 nm, 555 nm, 579 nm, and 606 nm). Images were reconstructed using a dedicated software, analyzed for size and vascular area and compared to standard histologic sections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSOM enabled mapping of murine kidney size and vascular area, revealing differences between kidney sizes of male (m) and female (f) mice (merged frequencies (MF) f vs. m: 52.42±6.24 mm² vs. 69.18±15.96 mm², p=0.0156) and absolute vascular area (MF f vs. m: 35.67±4.22 mm² vs. 49.07±13.48 mm², p=0.0036). Without respect to sex, the absolute kidney area was found to be smaller in knock-out (KO) than in wildtype (WT) mice (WT vs. KO: MF: p=0.0255) and showed a similar trend for the relative vessel area (WT vs. KO: MF p=0.0031). Also the absolute vessel areas of KO compared to WT were found significantly different (MF p=0.0089). A significant decrease in absolute vessel area was found in KO compared to WT male mice (MF WT vs. KO: 54.37±9.35 mm² vs. 34.93±13.82 mm², p=0.0232). In addition, multispectral RSOM allowed visualization of oxygenated and deoxygenated parenchymal regions by spectral unmixing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the capability of RSOM for label-free visualization of differences in vascular morphology in ex vivo murine renal tissue at high resolution. Due to its scalability optoacoustic imaging provides an emerging modality with potential for further preclinical and clinical imaging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9253231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40584223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population.","authors":"Ahmad Nasser,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mosadegh,&nbsp;Taher Azimi,&nbsp;Aref Shariati","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00145-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00145-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different gastrointestinal pathogens cause diarrhea which is a very common problem in children aged under 5 years. Among bacterial pathogens, Shigella is one of the main causes of diarrhea among children, and it accounts for approximately 11% of all deaths among children aged under 5 years. The case-fatality rates for Shigella among the infants and children aged 1 to 4 years are 13.9% and 9.4%, respectively. Shigella uses unique effector proteins to modulate intracellular pathways. Shigella cannot invade epithelial cells on the apical site; therefore, it needs to pass epithelium through other cells rather than the epithelial cell. After passing epithelium, macrophage swallows Shigella, and the latter should prepare itself to exhibit at least two types of responses: (I) escaping phagocyte and (II) mediating invasion of and injury to the recurrent PMN. The presence of PMN and invitation to a greater degree resulted in gut membrane injuries and greater bacterial penetration. Infiltration of Shigella to the basolateral space mediates (A) cell attachment, (B) cell entry, (C) evasion of autophagy recognition, (D) vacuole formation and and vacuole rapture, (E) intracellular life, (F) Shiga toxin, and (G) immune response. In this review, an attempt is made to explain the role of each factor in Shigella infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9207015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound elastography in children — nice to have for scientific studies or arrived in clinical routine?","authors":"H. Mentzel, K. Glutig, Stephanie Gräger, Paul C. Krüger, M. Waginger","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00143-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00143-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47122683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How peritoneal dialysis transforms the peritoneum and vasculature in children with chronic kidney disease—what can we learn for future treatment?","authors":"M. Bartosova, S. Zarogiannis, C. Schmitt, Klaus Gema Aysun K. Rainer Salim Rimante Dorota Sahar Gü Arbeiter Ariceta Bayazit Büscher Caliskan Cerkausk, K. Arbeiter, G. Ariceta, A. Bayazıt, R. Büscher, S. Çalışkan, R. Čerkauskienė, D. Drożdż, S. Fathallah-Shaykh, G. Klaus, R. Krmar, J. Oh, V. Peters, U. Querfeld, B. Ranchin, P. Sallay, B. Schaefer, C. Taylan, S. Testa, J. Vandewalle, E. Verrina, K. Vondrák, B. Warady, Y. Yap, A. Zaloszyc","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00141-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00141-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41895546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When inflammation meets lung development—an update on the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","authors":"Lena Holzfurtner, T. Shahzad, Ying Dong, Lisa Rekers, Ariane Selting, B. Staude, Tina Lauer, A. Schmidt, S. Rivetti, K. Zimmer, Judith Behnke, S. Bellusci, H. Ehrhardt","doi":"10.1186/s40348-022-00137-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00137-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74215,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and cellular pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43276843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}