Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry最新文献_第5页

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-27 DOI: 10.1159/000343965

Angela J Grippo, Melissa-Ann L Scotti

引用次数: 32

Virus infection as a cause of inflammation in psychiatric disorders. 病毒感染是精神疾病炎症的一个原因。

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-27 DOI: 10.1159/000343967

Karl Bechter

{"title":"Virus infection as a cause of inflammation in psychiatric disorders.","authors":"Karl Bechter","doi":"10.1159/000343967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000343967","url":null,"abstract":"Many neurotropic viruses exist and may cause classical inflammation but also low-level neuroinflammation. However, viruses may be dormant within the CNS and become active later. The role of neurotropic virus infections in the causation of psychiatric disorders may be underestimated, because the diagnostic approach to the CNS is difficult and to dormant infections in general, but especially within the CNS. Evidence is increasing that infections increase the risk of psychiatric disorders, not only prenatal infections but also infections during the lifetime. The question how low level neuroinflammation may be involved in severe psychiatric disorders like affective and schizophrenic spectrum disorders is intriguing but remains to be studied. Experimental data clearly show that low-level neuroinflammation can be induced by viruses, but the definitions of inflammation and low level neuroinflammation appear to be blurred and apparently the previous classical definition of inflammation has to be widened. Virus infection itself or virus-related products or virus-induced autoimmunity may play a role in disease pathogenesis. More sensitive diagnostic approaches from neuroimaging and CSF investigations may hold the key to a better understanding and definition of CNS viral infections as an etiopathogenetic subgroup of severe psychiatric disorders. ","PeriodicalId":74212,"journal":{"name":"Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry","volume":"28 ","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000343967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32671373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Anxiety and cardiovascular disease. 焦虑和心血管疾病。

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-09-20 DOI: 10.1159/000351945

Simon J C Davies, Christer Allgulander

{"title":"Anxiety and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Simon J C Davies, Christer Allgulander","doi":"10.1159/000351945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000351945","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the association of anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms with cardiovascular disease, focussing on hypertension (an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke) and coronary heart disease. In both cases, epidemiological data linking the cardiovascular disorder with specific anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms are examined first, and evidence relating to putative mechanisms that may underlie these associations is explored. For hypertension, an association with panic attacks and panic disorder has been reported most consistently, but the literature relating to other forms of anxiety is inconsistent, especially as some studies have reported an association of anxiety with low blood pressure. Recent work which has attempted to elucidate this confusing situation is presented. Mechanisms which may be responsible for the link between hypertension and panic include autonomic nervous system dysfunction (which may be under serotonergic control), respiratory mechanisms, cytokines, platelet dysfunction and behavioural factors. While an association of depression with coronary heart disease has been studied extensively, the association with anxiety disorders has been slower to emerge. Studies contributing to this evidence base are examined, and as for hypertension putative mechanisms are discussed. ","PeriodicalId":74212,"journal":{"name":"Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry","volume":"29 ","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000351945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32671494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Essential fatty acids as potential anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of affective disorders. 必需脂肪酸在情感性疾病治疗中的潜在抗炎作用。

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-27 DOI: 10.1159/000343970

Cai Song

{"title":"Essential fatty acids as potential anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of affective disorders.","authors":"Cai Song","doi":"10.1159/000343970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000343970","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, many studies have demonstrated that increased inflammatory responses occur in patients with affective disorders, which could contribute to the dysfunction of neuroendocrine and neurotransmission in these diseases. The evidence consequently suggests that drugs or natural products with anti-inflammatory properties should be developed to treat the illness. Among several candidates that modulate the neuro-immune network, omega-(n)-3 essential unsaturated fatty acids have emerged as effective treatments for affective disorders. Because these fatty acids can influence membrane structure, reduce inflammation and regulate protein and gene expressions, their effects seem promising. In this chapter, the newest findings that support the inflammatory theory of affective disorders have been first selected and reviewed. Secondly, the role of n-3 fatty acids in the immune system and brain has been introduced and then the possible mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids attenuated symptoms of depression are discussed by the insight of the results from the animal studies. Finally, the clinical effects of n-3 fatty acids on major, bipolar and postpartum depression are summarized. Furthermore, the chapter points out the limitations and future research in this area. ","PeriodicalId":74212,"journal":{"name":"Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry","volume":"28 ","pages":"75-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000343970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32671375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The question of pro-inflammatory immune activity in schizophrenia and the potential importance of anti-inflammatory drugs. 精神分裂症的促炎免疫活性问题和抗炎药物的潜在重要性。

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-27 DOI: 10.1159/000343972

Volker Arolt, Oliver Ambrée

引用次数: 6

Inflammation in suicidality: implications for novel treatment options. 自杀中的炎症:对新治疗方案的启示。

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-27 DOI: 10.1159/000346085

Shorena Janelidze, Lena Brundin

引用次数: 6

Inflammation, neurotoxins and psychiatric disorders. 炎症，神经毒素和精神疾病。

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-27 DOI: 10.1159/000343968

Aye-Mu Myint

引用次数: 14

Duration of untreated illness and duration of illness in anxiety disorders: assessment and influence on outcome. 焦虑症中未治疗的疾病持续时间和疾病持续时间:评估及其对结果的影响。

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-09-20 DOI: 10.1159/000351950

A Carlo Altamura, Giulia Camuri, Bernardo Dell'Osso

{"title":"Duration of untreated illness and duration of illness in anxiety disorders: assessment and influence on outcome.","authors":"A Carlo Altamura, Giulia Camuri, Bernardo Dell'Osso","doi":"10.1159/000351950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000351950","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety disorders are disabling and generally chronic conditions, with a lifetime prevalence of 15-20% in the general population. These disorders are usually associated with early onset and often remain untreated for several years with important consequences on patients' functioning and quality of life. From this perspective, recent literature has considered duration of illness (DI) and duration of untreated illness (DUI), two important variables influencing outcome in many psychiatric conditions including anxiety disorders. The DUI has been defined as the interval between the onset of a specific psychiatric disorder and the subsequent administration of the first adequate pharmacological treatment given at standard dosages and for an adequate period of time in compliant subjects. The DI can be defined as the time elapsing between the onset of a psychiatric disorder and the recovery from the illness. The two variables are likely interrelated, with a longer DUI being a major contributor to a longer DI. A significant body of evidence has shown that prolonged DI and DUI are associated with structural and functional brain abnormalities as well as with poor treatment response, particularly in schizophrenia. More recently, an increasing number of studies have been pointing toward a similar conclusion in affective disorders. As a consequence, the assessment of the latency to treatment (DUI) may represent one of the first steps in order to plan early interventions and reduce the overall DI. The present chapter highlights the role of the DI and latency to treatment in anxiety disorders, focusing on epidemiologic, neuropathological, clinical and prognostic issues. ","PeriodicalId":74212,"journal":{"name":"Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry","volume":"29 ","pages":"111-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000351950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32671496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

On the nature of obsessions and compulsions. 关于强迫和强迫的本质。

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-09-20 DOI: 10.1159/000351929

Sanneke de Haan, Erik Rietveld, Damiaan Denys

引用次数: 20

Pharmacological treatment of panic disorder. 惊恐障碍的药物治疗。

Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-09-20 DOI: 10.1159/000351953

Borwin Bandelow, David S Baldwin, Peter Zwanzger

引用次数: 11