{"title":"Mixing It Up: The Art and Science of Compounding Pharmacy.","authors":"John C Hagan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"76-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Won't We Know If It's Toxic? A Review of the Impacts of Social Media on Public Health.","authors":"Jessica Williams, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"85-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Do I Know Who You Are?","authors":"Kathy Perryman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"95-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jafar Ohiokpehai, Julie K Gammack, Mehwish Siddiqui, Tarisai Nyahoda
{"title":"Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults.","authors":"Jafar Ohiokpehai, Julie K Gammack, Mehwish Siddiqui, Tarisai Nyahoda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loneliness is a distressing feeling that accompanies the perception that one's social needs are not being met by the quantity or the quality of one's social relationships. It is a subjective experience of a perceived discrepancy between the preferred and actual level and quality of social interaction.1 In contrast, social isolation is an objective lack of meaningful and sustained social contacts, interactions, networks or belonging. Social isolation describes a paucity of social relationships, while loneliness depicts the lived experience and recognition of that absence.2 Although sometimes used interchangeably, loneliness and social isolation are unique conditions that share overlapping features, risk factors, and consequences. One may feel lonely with or without being socially isolated, just as one may or may not feel lonely despite being alone. These conditions do often coexist, as demonstrated in a study of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, both loneliness and social isolation were present in one-third of individuals; one-third of those who were lonely were also socially isolated, and 94% of those who were socially isolated were also lonely (Figure 1).3 Loneliness is neither a disease nor classified as a mental health disorder. Some have suggested that loneliness is a new geriatric syndrome: a health condition highly prevalent in older adults that is multifactorial in cause and contributes to adverse health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic unmasked and magnified the detrimental effects of social isolation and loneliness in older populations. We are learning more about the physical and psychological impacts of loneliness and ways to mitigate social isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gambling in Missouri: Show Me the Results.","authors":"Henry Stevens","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"College Grades Have Become a Charade: It's Time to Abolish Them.","authors":"Yascha Mounk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"81-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Parasomnias.","authors":"Meet S Parikh, Mahesh M Thakkar, Tejas R Mehta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is necessary for normal physical and intellectual performance and behavior. NREM parasomnias are defined as conditions where different symptomologies are associated with various behaviors happening during NREM sleep. Moreover, the underlying mechanism and proper treatment of the various conditions are yet to be explored in the realm of NREM parasomnias. In this review article, we summarize the fundamental mechanisms underlying the NREM sleep parasomnias as well as portray an algorithm to treat those conditions. We also briefly discuss important studies associated with NREM parasomnias and their related advancements in the treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistics as a Tool in the Physician's Black Bag.","authors":"Robert W Baer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The era of evidence-based practice began in the 1990s with the hope patient outcomes would be improved by eliminating clinical bias and clinically unsound practices. Clinical guidelines which had been previously written by panels of experts were slowly replaced by careful analysis of existing clinical studies and more rigorous designs of new clinical studies based on sound scientific and statistical principles. This still leaves the practitioner with the responsibility of understanding what the evidence is showing them. This article reviews the statistical thinking that underlies the evidence-based literature. We will review some evolutionary changes to statistical analysis being advocated by statisticians and discuss some nuances related to the use of statistics describing diagnosis and treatment in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aging in Missouri 2025.","authors":"Mona Dagher, Julie K Gammack, Charles Bradford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1950, the US population stood at 152 million and was considered relatively \"young\" due to historically higher fertility rates, declining infant and childhood mortality, and a greater influx of young immigrant workers.1 Between 1946 and 1964, the Baby Boom era saw an accelerated number of births, further shaping the country's demographics. However, in the decades that followed, birth rates declined while advances in healthcare led to improved survival rates and reduced mortality at older ages.2 This demographic shift has contributed to a significant aging of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Does Gambling Correlate with Chronic Health Conditions?","authors":"Henry Stevens, Lillian Cooper, Harit Agroia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the relationship between gambling behaviors and health outcomes, focusing on chronic illnesses (hypertension, diabetes). Using data from the 2023 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), a mixed-mode survey with address-based sampling, we analyzed a large, diverse sample of California residents. We conducted logistic regression models that assessed the correlation between gambling and health outcomes, adjusting for gender and age. Our results indicate that individuals who gambled within the past year had significantly higher odds of reporting hypertension (OR=1.35) 95% CI [1.24, 1.48] and diabetes (OR=1.32) 95% CI [1.16, 1.49] in comparison to non-gamblers. Gender and age were identified as significant predictors of health outcomes across all models, while gambling did not show an interaction effect with gender. These findings highlight the complicated relationships between gambling behaviors and chronic physical illnesses. It is crucial we emphasize gambling as a serious public health concern. This study contributes to the existing literature by using recent and newly available CHIS 2023 data to address gaps in understanding the health risks associated with gambling. Understanding these relationships can help develop future research, interventions, and policies to reduce the negative health impacts of gambling, particularly among vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74203,"journal":{"name":"Missouri medicine","volume":"122 2","pages":"144-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}