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A comparison of microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of WC-10Co4Cr - HVOF coating and hard chrome to use in hydraulic cylinders 液压缸用WC-10Co4Cr - HVOF涂层与硬铬的显微组织、力学和摩擦学性能比较
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20180801.03
Richard Castro, A. S. Rocha, E. Curi, F. Peruch
{"title":"A comparison of microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of WC-10Co4Cr - HVOF coating and hard chrome to use in hydraulic cylinders","authors":"Richard Castro, A. S. Rocha, E. Curi, F. Peruch","doi":"10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20180801.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20180801.03","url":null,"abstract":"In order to obtain a wear and oxidation resistant surface, hydraulic cylinders are commonly coated with electrodeposited hard chromium. However, due to the wear, this type of coating exhibits a gradual increase of the bearing area for the sealing elements, interfering in the lubrication of the hydraulic rod, causing damage to the sealing elements and, consequently, oil leakage. Currently, the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) process appears as an alternative coating technique to Hard Chrome Plating, using composites (metal-ceramic), which provide low wear rates and a low friction. This work aims to compare the mechanical and tribological properties of hard chrome plated and WC-CoCr HVOF coated AISI 1045 steel for the use as hydraulic rods. The selected coatings thickness was in the order of 100-170 μm aiming to meet best wear test conditions, to facilitate the analysis of the microstructure, and to obtain better results regarding the hardness of each coating. Roughness measurements, hardness, bending and wear tests, including the measurements of friction coefficients were carried out for the coatings. Additionally, a microstructural analysis was performed by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) supported by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated superior properties of the WC-CoCr HVOF coated steel in comparison to the chrome hard plated one, especially regarding roughness, friction and wear.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"66 1","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88667839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
AHP-DENG’S Similarity Based Optimization of WEDM Process Parameters of Al/SiCp Composite 基于AHP-DENG相似度的Al/SiCp复合材料线切割工艺参数优化
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.7726/AJMST.2017.1001
K. Babu, P. Venkataramaiah, P. Dileep
{"title":"AHP-DENG’S Similarity Based Optimization of WEDM Process Parameters of Al/SiCp Composite","authors":"K. Babu, P. Venkataramaiah, P. Dileep","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2017.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2017.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium based Metal Matrix Composite material properties such as light weight, high strength and corrosion resistance etc. makes AMMC as a demanding material in the marine, automobile, aerospace, defense, and sports industries. However, the presence of abrasive reinforcements in the Aluminium Matrix causes rapid tool wear or failure and leads to an increase in machining cost, production time and poor quality of machined components. Hence the Wire Electrical Discharge Machining is the best one to overcome such drawbacks. The present paper focused on the optimization of WEDM in machining of (Al6061/2%SiC/3μm) Aluminium Metal Matrix composite using AHP-DENG’S Method. In this work, Orthogonal Array L18 Taguchi Experimental design is used by considering the process parameters such as Wire Type, Pulse ON Time, Pulse OFF Time, Wire Feed, and Sensitivity to perform the WEDM experiments for considered responses such as Cutting Speed, Material Removal Rate, Surface Roughness and Dimensional Deviation.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74000483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
History and manufacturing of glass 玻璃的历史和制造
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20170701.03
Armin Berenjian, Gareth Whittleston
{"title":"History and manufacturing of glass","authors":"Armin Berenjian, Gareth Whittleston","doi":"10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20170701.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20170701.03","url":null,"abstract":"Glass usage in structures has increased dramatically during the last decades due to its special properties, such as transparency, high theoretical strength, low density, durability and functionality. This paper reviews glass as a material in addition to different methods of glass manufacturing (float glass and cast glass) and how they have developed over the years. In addition, this paper reviews different glass types (annealed glass, heat strengthened glass, toughened glass, and laminated glass) and their properties.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74252235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Assessment of Thermo-Mechanically Treated Chicken Feather Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Automobile Application 汽车用热机械处理鸡毛纤维增强环氧复合材料性能评价
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.7726/AJMST.2016.1001
O. Oluwole
{"title":"Assessment of Thermo-Mechanically Treated Chicken Feather Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Automobile Application","authors":"O. Oluwole","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2016.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2016.1001","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to assess the viability of chemical modification on the mechanical and abrasion properties of treated chicken feather fibre as reinforcement in epoxy resin to develop composites for automobile applications. The composites were developed using waste chicken feather fibre from poultry after been treated with NaOH to reinforced epoxy resin. The short fibres were randomly dispersed in an open mould and allowed to solidify at room temperature. Tests were carried out on the cured samples to ascertain the aptness of the materials. From the results, it was observed that the developed composites have the potentials that are expedient in automobile materials. The mechanical and abrasion properties were improved by the addition of these chemically modified chicken feather fibre into the epoxy. These properties were enhanced at the application of 2-8 wt% reinforcements. While 2 wt% produced the overall best performance for mechanical properties, 4-6 wt% gave the best results for abrasion property.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87083203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Evaluation of Shear Resistance of Bolted Connections in Wood/Wood and Wood/Steel Plate/Wood 木材/木材和木材/钢板/木材螺栓连接的抗剪性能评价
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2015-04-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20150502.04
José Ernesto Tonon, J. Moreno, J. Francisco, M. Fogal
{"title":"Evaluation of Shear Resistance of Bolted Connections in Wood/Wood and Wood/Steel Plate/Wood","authors":"José Ernesto Tonon, J. Moreno, J. Francisco, M. Fogal","doi":"10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20150502.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20150502.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study was based on the combination of simple and quick techniques to substitute the conventional manufacturing system assembly of metal truss connected by wood structures for free environments and less movement. Although simple in its use, the bolted connections are extremely complex in their analysis and behavior. The study was based on evaluating bolted wood/wood and wood/wood with a metal divider interface connections, just to observe the strength of the set's performance under real loads of support coming from the roof elements of the work. Load tests to evaluate the shear behavior nonlinear of the connecting bolts were carried out with loads until 10 ton. On prototypes previously dimensioned according to NBR 6120 to determination of the values of the loads, with two, three and four bolts of the type SAE J 429 grade 5. It was observed that the insertion of a metal plate between the pieces of wood increased by about 50% in the shear strength of the connection. The models A1 and B1, with two bolts with or without plate, were the ones with least resistance, while with three bolts were most loads resisted. Simulations with FEMAP-Finite Element Modeling and Post-processing/NASTRAN were performed for comparison.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"96 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75987511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnS and Cr-ZnS Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Method 化学浴沉积法制备ZnS和Cr-ZnS薄膜的结构和光学性能
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.7726/AJMST.2015.1005
M. Sarma
{"title":"Structural and Optical Properties of ZnS and Cr-ZnS Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Method","authors":"M. Sarma","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2015.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2015.1005","url":null,"abstract":"Thin films of ZnS and Cr doped ZnS have been deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method taking ammonia as complexing agent. The pH of the solution was maintained at 8−9 at a temperature of 70 oC. Characterization of the ZnS and Cr-doped ZnS films were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence Spectrograph (XRFS) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Structural properties and optical absorption has been observed for both doped and undoped films. Parameters like crystallite size, lattice constant, microstrain, dislocation density; and optical constants such as extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient for both types of films were measured from XRD and absorbance spectra respectively. Studies show that there is an increase of crystallite size and good optical properties in visible region from 420 nm in Cr-doped ZnS thin film.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73904523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
2-hydroxyethyl Acrylate Grafted Jute Fiber/ Treated Coir Pith/Vinyl ester Hybrid Composites 2-羟乙基丙烯酸酯接枝黄麻纤维/处理过的椰子髓/乙烯基酯杂化复合材料
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.7726/AJMST.2015.1003
A. Praharaj, Priyabrata Mohanty, D. Behera, T. Bastia, A. Rout
{"title":"2-hydroxyethyl Acrylate Grafted Jute Fiber/ Treated Coir Pith/Vinyl ester Hybrid Composites","authors":"A. Praharaj, Priyabrata Mohanty, D. Behera, T. Bastia, A. Rout","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2015.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2015.1003","url":null,"abstract":"The present work demonstrates the fabrication and properties study of Vinyl ester i.e. Bisphenol-A glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) composites hybridized with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA-10% w/w) grafted jute fiber and aqueous NaOH (5% w/w) treated coir pith used in various proportions and to characterize thereof. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties were measured in dependence of treated & untreated fiber as well as filler content. Composite with HEA grafted jute fiber and coir pith (15 wt%) exhibited maximum improvement in the above mentioned properties. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the thermal stability of composites due to effective hybridization. The corrosive and water ingress properties of the composites were found to be negligible contributing to longer durability of the panels in moist and corrosive conditions.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90530306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Simulation of Thermal Behavior in Hollow-glass-microsphere-filled Cement Composites 中空玻璃微球填充水泥复合材料的热行为模拟
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.7726/AJMST.2015.1001
Hui Wang, F. Hou, Xin-Juan Zhao
{"title":"Simulation of Thermal Behavior in Hollow-glass-microsphere-filled Cement Composites","authors":"Hui Wang, F. Hou, Xin-Juan Zhao","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2015.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2015.1001","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, thermal behavior in cement composites filled with hollow glass microspheres was modeled by finite element method based on heat conduction theory. According to experimental observation of the microsphere distribution in the cement matrix material by the scanning electron microscope, a twodimensional unite cell including single hollow glass microsphere and cement material phase is chosen as the computational model, in which the specified temperature conditions are applied on the opposite edges of the cell to model heat transfer in the cell by finite element simulation. The effects of volume content and wall thickness of the microsphere, thermal conductivities of the wall and the cement on the effective thermal conductivity of the composite are investigated. Numerical results demonstrate that the developing lightweight cement-based composite can have significant lower thermal conductivity than the cement matrix itself by introducing the hollow glass microsphere.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88535202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Magnesium and Its Alloys in Automotive Applications - A Review 镁及其合金在汽车中的应用综述
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.7726/AJMST.2015.1002
D. S. Kumar, C. Sasanka, K. Ravindra, K. Suman
{"title":"Magnesium and Its Alloys in Automotive Applications - A Review","authors":"D. S. Kumar, C. Sasanka, K. Ravindra, K. Suman","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2015.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2015.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium is very attractive material as it has the combination of good strength, low weight and good quality. The usage of magnesium and its alloys has considerably increased over the past ten years. In structural applications, where weight plays a major role, magnesium is a good choice. Its recyclability property also gives an edge. The use of magnesium and its alloys in automotive components was limited in the early sixties and seventies but today the awareness on fuel savings and environmental protection through reduced CO2 emissions makes this material attractive. This paper reviews the benefits due to Mg, its alloy materials, manufacturing methods and applications in automotive sector. It also summarizes directions for the development of new magnesium alloys based on properties.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75874316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 96
Improvement in Out-of-plane Conductivity of PEDOT: PSS Thin Films due to Electric Field Treatment at Elevated Temperature 高温电场处理改善PEDOT: PSS薄膜的面外导电性
American Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.7726/AJMST.2015.1004
Mrunal S. Mahajan, Sanjay S. Ghosh, J. Sali
{"title":"Improvement in Out-of-plane Conductivity of PEDOT: PSS Thin Films due to Electric Field Treatment at Elevated Temperature","authors":"Mrunal S. Mahajan, Sanjay S. Ghosh, J. Sali","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2015.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2015.1004","url":null,"abstract":"PEDOT: PSS (Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)): (Polystyrene sulfonate) is being widely explored as a buffer layer or charge collecting electrode in many optoelectronic devices. Good out-of-plane electrical conductivity of PEDOT: PSS is prime importance for application in optoelectronic devices such as organic solar cells and light emitting diodes. Enhanced out-of-plane electrical conductivity results in improved device performance. In this article we show an order of magnitude enhancement in out-of-plane electrical conductivity of PEDOT: PSS achieved through electric field treatment of PEDOT: PSS thin films kept at elevated temperature. This change in electrical behavior is due to conformational changes caused by interaction of applied electric field with electrical dipoles associated with the PEDOT: PSS chains. Upon adding DMSO in the PEDOT: PSS solution films show different behavior than when it was not added. Raman and absorption studies confirm the morphological variations induced due to applied electric field.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78989124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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