Medical journal of Zambia最新文献

{"title":"Intermittent Testicular Torsion in an African Adult Patient: Sonographic Doppler findings of an uncommon and challenging diagnosis","authors":"B. Chinene","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.4.914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.914","url":null,"abstract":"Testicular torsion is a well known urological emergency most common in the paediatric population. However, testicular torsion can be complete, partial or intermittent. Intermittent testicular torsion is rare in adults and difficult to diagnose. We present a rare case on intermittent testicular torsion in a 35 year old man that was initially misdiagnosed but was later diagnosed by Spectral Doppler ultrasound.   ","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85788470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among Nursing Staff At A Tertiary Health Facility: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Monisola Aina, O. Bolarinwa, Peace I Adeniran, D. Oyedepo, A. Adeniran","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.4.880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.880","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency life-saving care to restore blood circulation following cardiac arrest. Nurses are often the closest when cardiac arrest occurs, thus their competence and initiation of CPR could be life-saving. \u0000Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and willingness to initiate CPR among nurse practitioners. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted; participants were nursing staff at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Nursing students and other healthcare workers were excluded from the study. Multistage sampling method was used and all participants completed a self-administered questionnaire after informed consent. Data analysis was with SPSS version 21.0 and p<0.05 was significant. \u0000Results: Among the 220 participants, 35(15.9%) were ≤5years post-qualification, 100(45.5%) had sub-specialty training, awareness about CPR was 100%, 66(30%) showed good knowledge on the practice of CPR, 154(70%) had formal training on CPR, 112 (50.9%) of the training were during schooling while 182(82.7%) showed good attitude towards initiating CPR when indicated. Hindrances to initiation of CPR included lack of training (56.2%), heavy workload (47.3%), inadequate knowledge (42.8%), lack of equipment (41.8%) and difficulty establishing diagnosis of cardiac arrest (13.9%). Competence grading for CPR was 48.4% for participants with surgical, 40.0% for medical subspecialty training and 44.2% for non-subspecialists. There was statistical significant relationship between competence in CPR and knowledge about it (p=0.026).   \u0000Conclusion: Knowledge and practice of CPR among nurses was low; health institutions and the mandatory nursing professional development programs should prioritize post-qualification training of nurses in the life-saving skills of CPR.","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82493642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphological Spectrum and Trend of Spinal Neoplastic Lesions: A Single Institutional 40-year review","authors":"A. Salami, Nwadiokwu John Ifeanyi, Iwuagwu Emmanuel Ifeanyi, Ajani Mustapha Akanji, Ayokunle James Balogun, OyemoladeAyofe Toyin, A. Augustine","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.4.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.65","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES \u0000Spinal tumours are known to be much less common compared to brain neoplasms. In our setting, due to poor data gathering, underreporting and probably lack of presentation to medical facilities, studies on spinal tumours are sparse. Previous studies had reported extramedullary tumours to be more common in our environment. This study examines the histomorphological spectrum of spinal tumours in an African setting, comparing it with previous observations to determine changes over the decades. \u0000METHODS \u0000Data was obtained from the hospital records of patients over a forty-year period. These include the patients’ age, gender and histomorphological data of all the neoplastic spinal lesions. The data was analysed using SPSS 20 statistical software. \u0000RESULTS \u0000Ninety four cases were seen during the study period. The tumours were more common between the third to the sixth decades of life. There was a slight male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Meningiomas were the commonest tumours seen during the study period which is in contrast to previous studies that had shown Burkitt lymphoma. The data also showed a steady rise in the number of cases during the study period suggesting an increase in patients’ presenting to the hospital and more surgical cases. \u0000CONCLUSION \u0000The index study showed a difference in patients demographics and the histological tumour types seen over the study period compared to the data from previous studies. This is probably due to better awareness and better diagnostic facilities.","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77095139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of pregnant women who seroconvert after an initial negative Human Immunodeficiency Virus test result at antenatal booking at selected hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia.","authors":"Muyereka Nyirenda, L. Kasonka, B. Vwalika","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.4.948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Objectives:  To examine the role of demographic, socio-economic, health and reproductive characteristics of pregnant women and study the impact of their utilization of health services in relation to seroconversion after an initial negative HIV test result in women attending ANC at selected hospitals in Lusaka. \u0000Methods: This was a case control study conducted at the Women and Newborn Hospital and selected level 1 hospitals in Lusaka district between July 2018 and June 2019. Convenience sampling was used. Interviews were conducted using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire involving 47 women who seroconverted (as cases) and 140 women who did not seroconvert (as controls). \u0000Results: The study found that monthly income, age at sexual debut, number of sexual partners in a lifetime, children with the same father, partners who did not test for HIV before ANC booking, partner perceived to be faithful, frequent travel in partner and less than four ANC visits were associated with HIV seroconversion. However, when these factors where adjusted in multivariate logistic regression for confounders, women who had sexual debut before the age of 16 years were seven times more likely to seroconvert (AOR=6.67, 95%CI=1.103-39.805, P=0.039), those whose partners tested for HIV before ANC booking were 72 percent less likely to seroconvert  (AOR=0.278, 95%CI=0.089-0.865, P=0.027), those who partners travelled out of town frequently were three times more likely to seroconvert (AOR=3.250, 95%CI=1.063-9.935, P=0.039) and those who attended less than four ANC visits were three times more likely to seroconvert (AOR=3.378, 95%CI=1.018-11.210, P=0.047).   \u0000Conclusion: Pregnant women are at risk of seroconverting during pregnancy leading to MTCT of HIV. It is therefore imperative that HCT be strengthened during ANC and labour. Targeting adolescents with sexual and reproductive health education before they start engaging in sexual activities is key to keeping them HIV negative. Pre-exposure prophylaxis should be provided to pregnant women whose partners decline HCT or are HIV positive. Frequent travellers should be educated to practice safer sex. Lastly, there is need to implement the WHO 2016 ANC recommendation of at least 8 contacts during pregnancy. \u0000Key words: HIV seroconversion, elimination of mother-to-child transmission, window period.                                       ","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80500475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing access to sexual and reproductive healthcare for women during the COVID-19 pandemic in low-resourced settings","authors":"M. A. Chipare","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.4.919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.919","url":null,"abstract":"The delivery and utilization of reproductive health care services has suffered a major setback due to the COVID-19 pandemic and low and middle income countries have been disproportionately affected. This commentary discusses how the provision of reproductive health services has been impacted on by the COVID-19 pandemic and proffers possible recommendations on how to address this growing burden.","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87675002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive screening tools among older people in Nigeria","authors":"L. Adebusoye, G. Arinola, George Amaefula, S. Hunter, H. Merl, V. Pitt","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.4.915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.915","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and objectives: Dementia is progressive neuro-degeneration characterized by ongoing deterioration in cognition and capacity for independent living. Empirical evidence is lacking on the best screening tool because of the cultural and linguistic diversities of Nigerians. This study screened for dementia and described the differences between the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tools among older people at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. \u0000Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive study of 96 older people ≥60years at UCH, Ibadan. Dementia was assessed with the RUDAS and MMSE tools. Socio-demographic characteristics and memory issues were also assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done and the level of significance was set at 5%. \u0000Results: The mean age was 70.5±7.4 years and 57(59.4%) were female respondents. The overall mean score on RUDAS was 22.8±4.0 points and MMSE was 24.2±4.8 points. Point prevalence of dementia on RUDAS and MMSE were 6.2% and 4.2% respectively. Using MMSE as the standard, the AUROC for the RUDAS was 85.9% (95% CI:60.4-99.8), and its sensitivity and specificity were75.0% and 96.7% respectively. Both RUDAS and MMSE were associated with age and residence. MMSE, but not the RUDAS, scores were influenced by total years of education (p<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: RUDAS was as accurate as MMSE for the screening of dementia in our setting. Contrary to the MMSE, RUDAS was not influenced by the years of education for dementia. Our finding supports the use of RUDAS as an effective alternative test to MMSE for dementia screening in older Nigerians.","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81053537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Audit of Computed Tomography Services in Zambia","authors":"Stefan Kafwimbi, O. Bwanga, J. Sichone","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.4.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.69","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Zambia, Computed Tomography (CT) has been available since 1994 as part of the healthcare delivery pathway. Radiographers undertake CT examinations of the body to diagnose diseases, injuries and to plan for radiotherapy. \u0000 Objective: The aim of this study was to audit CT services in Zambia. \u0000 Methodology: The study used a convergent parallel design in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently using an online questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whilst qualitative data were analysed by themes. \u0000 Results: Out of the 23 facilities, a total of 22 responded. Results indicated that Western and Central provinces did not have CT scanners. Most CT facilities are in the Lusaka province. 59% (N=13) and 41% (N=9) were from the public and private sectors, respectively. In public hospitals, 46% (N=6) of CT scanners were functional with service contracts and 89% (N=8) were functional in the private hospitals with service contracts. 61.5 % (N=8) of public hospitals had maintenance schedules while 89% (N=8) of private hospitals had maintenance schedules. A total of 7 facilities reported having radiographers with a qualification in CT. 12 out of 22 facilities indicated having a radiologist with average patient waiting times for CT reports being 76 hours and 24 hours in public and private facilities, respectively. \u0000 Conclusion: This audit revealed an unequal distribution of CT scanners characterised by poor maintenance and lack of service contracts, especially in public hospitals. The audit also revealed longer waiting times for CT reports in public than in private hospitals.","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77509651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Amonginfertile Women At The University College Hospital, Ibadan","authors":"O. Lawal, G. Obajimi, O. Bello","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.4.944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.944","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is reported as the commonest cause of tubal and pelvic infection and by proxy, the commonest cause of tubal damage and female infertility. Serotypes D-K are known to cause sexually transmitted genital tract and neonatal infection. Testing for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis has been revolutionized by the development of monoclonal antibodies. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among infertile women at the University College Hospital Ibadan and to determine the diagnostic value of Chlamydia antibody testing. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted among two hundred and seventy-three women with infertility attending the gynaecology clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) was performed on all patients as part of their routine evaluation for infertility. Venous blood was obtained to detect Chlamydia Ig G antibodies using the diagnostic bio-probe (DIA.PROBE) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELIZA) for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies specific to chlamydia trachomatis. \u0000 Results: Positive test results for Chlamydia trachomatis were recorded amongst 136 women, giving a prevalence of 49.8%. 46(33.8%) women with normal tubal appearance and 90(66.2%) with tubal disease tested positive for Chlamydia antibodies. Bilateral tubal blockage was seen in 77(28.2%), while left and right tubal blockages were seen in 35(12.8%) and 21(7.7%) respectively. The accuracy of Chlamydia antibody testing in predicting tubal patency revealed a sensitivity of 67.7% and positive predictive value of 66.1% using HSG as the gold standard. Chlamydia trachomatis infection was found to be associated with age at sexual debut, history of ectopic pregnancy and previous history of abortion (P<0.05). \u0000 Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis amongst infertile women especially those with tubal disease. Risk factors associated with the infection such as early age of sexual debut, ectopic pregnancy and abortion further support the role of infectious morbidity especially with Chlamydia trachomatis. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88998238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MJZ 48 No. 4 Cover","authors":"Medical Journal Zambia","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.4.997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.997","url":null,"abstract":"The Medical Journal of Zambia (MJZ) is a peerreviewed quarterly journal intended for the publication of papers from all specialities of medicine (Internal medicine, Surgery, Paediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology) and their subspecialities, basic science, public health, social medicine and medical politics. The journal also welcomes contributions from experienced individuals describing the way they deal with particular problems (i.e. intended to pass on the art of medicine).","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84697111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Giant Cell-Rich Osteosarcoma of the Jaw- a Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Fred Maate, Zoran Muhimba, Mutinta Nteeni, Chibamba Mumba, Christopher Kapeshi","doi":"10.55320/mjz.48.3.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.3.193","url":null,"abstract":"Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma of the jaw (JGCRO) is very rare but it is diagnostically important because of its poor prognosis compared to other variants of osteosarcoma. We report a rare case of recurrent JGCRO initially diagnosed as an ossifying fibroma. The clinical presentation, radiologic and histologic features and the intermediate outcome of treatment of the case are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":74149,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Zambia","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76111181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}