Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)最新文献

{"title":"Orally Acquired Chagas Disease in Rats Exposed to Naturally Infected Triatominae Bugs.","authors":"Lee P McPhatter, Diane R Bienek, Walter D Roachell, Thomas L Cropper, Miguel A Osuna, Edwin D Cooper, Mustapha Debboun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Chagas disease, also known as American Trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic infectious disease that is primarily transmitted by infected kissing bugs belonging to the subfamily Triatominae. Military personnel that conduct deployment operations (field training, patrols, combat, physical training and sustainment) in kissing-bug infested habitats are at risk. Transmission of disease to humans occurs by contact of skin and mucous membranes with infected kissing bug's feces. Additionally, transmission can result from blood transfusion, and ingestion of infected insects. However, the exact route of infection for military personnel (including military working dogs) remains elucidated. In this laboratory study, Trypanosoma cruzi-infected triatomine bugs collected from the field were used to evaluate various oral exposures in rats. Treatment groups included: 1) ingestion of T. cruzi-positive insect excreta; 2) ingestion of T. cruzi-infected insect digestive tract; 3) oral exposure via mucosal scraping; and 4) ingestion of a live infected kissing bug. Rats were monitored for 12 weeks. An indirect immunofluorescent assay to detect parasite-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG was used to estimate the rate of infection. At necropsy, heart, spleen, kidney, and stomach were collected to assess histopathology. Trypanosoma cruzi infection was established through various oral exposures. This resulted in the development of anti-T. cruzi antibodies. Rats exposed via ingestion of whole insect or oral mucosa were comparable to the positive control group in that 86% and 100%, respectively, of animals developed a T. cruzi-specific IgM response by 14 days post infection (dpi). By 21 dpi, a significant number of rats that ingested T. cruzi-infected insect digestive tract (100%) or T. cruzi-positive insect excreta (57%) had developed a parasite-specific IgM response. Amongst all groups receiving oral exposures, a significant number of rats (85.7%) exhibited a T. cruzi-specific IgG response by 35 dpi. We identified a few histopathological differences between groups; nonetheless, we did not observe a consistent statistical trend that would suggest that the histopathology of an oral exposure group was markedly different from another. Collectively, these data suggested that the rate of infection was notably higher than other studies using similar administration routes. As laboratory-raised organisms may not retain the same virulence factors, that data generated in this study may be a better representative of transmission rates occurring naturally. Nonetheless, valuable data is expected to emerge from future studies that assess host susceptibility factors and the vehicle of exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 2","pages":"24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148623070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rodent and Ectoparasite-Borne Disease Surveillance Support During the Balikatan Exercise in 2024 and 2025.","authors":"Piyada Chroensinphon, Surachai Leepitakrat, Nutthanun Auysawasdi, Alyssa N Mann, Yossapong Paladsing, Sirima Wongwairot, Chawin Limsuwan, Panadda Krairojananan, Kasima Wasuworawong, Joy Payot, Wuttikon Rodkvamtook, Matthew Pascual, Erica J Lindroth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Zoonotic diseases are a primary threat to military readiness during deployments in the Asia-Pacific region. To characterize these risks, we conducted a multi-site, multi-year 'One Health' biosurveillance study during the Balikatan (BK) 2024 and 2025 exercises in the Philippines, sampling rodents, ectoparasites, and the environment at four key training locations on Luzon Island. A comprehensive biosurveillance study at four BK training sites revealed distinct, evolving, and site-specific zoonotic disease risks that require tailored health protection strategies. The risk is most acute at Clark Air Base, a critical dual-threat hotspot with an active circulation of several pathogenic strains of Leptospira in environment and rodents near the animal support facility and a direct threat from Rickettsia-positive chiggers. Other sites show escalating vector-borne disease threats including Fort Magsaysay Military Reservation transforming into a high-risk area for rickettsial diseases and Camp Aquino showing an emerging scrub typhus risk on top of its persistent Leptospira circulation. Even limited surveillance at Naval Operating Base Subic confirmed a mixed-threat environment where both Leptospira and rickettsial pathogens are co-circulating. Crucially, the detection of environmental Leptospira during the dry season is a key predictive indicator for a probable surge in transmission risk during the subsequent wet season, demanding proactive mitigation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 2","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148623127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retaining the Future: Career Opportunities and Talent Management.","authors":"Melissa J Miller, Janice Agazio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 1","pages":"172-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"66R Empowering Warfighters: The Role of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner.","authors":"Marlene Arias-Reynoso, LaKisha Wright, Lutisha Crawford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 1","pages":"64-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M5 Enroute Critical Care Nurse.","authors":"Sabas Salgado, Ruben Cruz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Modern combat operations demand agile, skilled medical personnel capable of delivering critical interventions in dynamic and resource-constrained environments. The Enroute Critical Care Nurse (ECCN), designated by the M5 Additional Skill Identifier (SI), fulfills this need by providing advanced nursing care during medical evacuation across air and ground platforms. Bridging the prehospital and in-hospital continuum of care, ECCNs ensure continuity of life-sustaining treatment from point of injury through strategic evacuation. Since formal recognition in 2018, ECCNs have become integral to the U.S. Army's medical readiness strategy. Trained through the Joint Enroute Care Course (JECC), these nurses are equipped to function as non-rated crew members under AR 600-106 and deliver critical care under extreme conditions. Their integration into joint operations, simulation-based sustainment training, and doctrine development reflects a shift toward adaptable and modular medical force structures. The ECCN's responsibility extends beyond clinical care to operational strategy. ECCNs directly contribute to force lethality, expeditionary medicine, and multi-domain operational success by improving casualty survival and enabling quick medical response in disputed areas. As future battlefields evolve, ECCNs will be critical in coordinating medical capabilities with senior leaders and ensuring seamless enroute care is delivered across multiple theaters of operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 1","pages":"88-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regaining Arctic Dominance: Casualty Evacuation in Arctic and Extreme Cold Environments.","authors":"Maggie Fitzpatrick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 1","pages":"144-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Active Guard Reserve Nurse.","authors":"Kristina N Hooker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"66P Operational Readiness and Beyond: The Legacy and Future of Army Nurse Practitioners.","authors":"Regina Thorp, Amber Birkle, Lisa Buckles, Lisa Bowers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 1","pages":"61-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontline Nurse Manager Competency.","authors":"Lindsay Zamarripa, Jennifer Pratt, Jamie Reece, Shanelle Beza, Rebecca Parish, Jennifer Dombroski, Melissa J Miller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 1","pages":"167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing's Vital Role at the White House.","authors":"Racheal L Wood, Rachel Patrick, Sunnie Murray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74148,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)","volume":"108 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}