Medical history. Supplement最新文献_第10页

February 1835 1835年2月

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300073567

引用次数: 0

May 1835 1835年5月

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0025727300073592

引用次数: 0

Exercise 锻炼

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0025727300073865

P. Kandela

{"title":"Exercise","authors":"P. Kandela","doi":"10.1017/S0025727300073865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300073865","url":null,"abstract":"The greater coronary heart disease morbidity of sedentary as opposed to physically active workers was demonstrated many years ago by J N Morris and his colleagues in a comparison of London bus drivers and conductors. These two groups of transport workers belonged to the same social class and had similar lifestyles. They differed principally in the amount of physical activity in which they engaged when at work. The drivers were confined to a small enclosed driving compartment which rendered them almost completely immobile, whilst the conductors were continuously active, especially as they constantly had to run up and down the stairs of the doubledecker London buses. During the five-year follow-up the drivers had a CHD incidence almost double that of the conductors. The differences between the two groups became greater as their members grew older (Table IX.1).' The finding of this untoward accompaniment of physical inactivity has been confirmed by the results of the Framingham study2 and a 27 cohort based rigorous meta-analysis reported by Jesse Berlin and Graham Colditz. These authors found a relative risk of death from coronary heart disease of 1.9 (CL 1.6-2.2) for sedentary as opposed to high physical activity groups, and the benefits were shown to be greater in the studies that the authors judged to be methodologically stronger.3 Conversely, in the Whitehall study of British civil servants leisure-time physical activity has been found to have cardiovascular health benefits similar to those apparently conferred on the London bus conductors by their workaday exertions. Vigorous weekend exercise apparently protected the middle-aged men from fatal heart attacks and non-fatal first episodes of coronary heart disease.4 It is probable that a randomized and controlled prospective study of the cardiovascular consequences of prolonged inactivity will never be undertaken. It would be both unethical and impractical to enforce a long-term sedentary lifestyle on a control group. However, the physiological means by which regular exercise has cardioprotective effects are now well defined. Animal studies have shown that the coronary arterial capacity becomes greater relative to the cardiac muscle mass and an increase in coronary artery diameter has been demonstrated angiographically. Capillary growth is induced and increase in coronary blood flow in response to need","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"137 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0025727300073865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57094978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 215

The Eighteenth-Century Origins of Angina Pectoris: Predisposing Causes, Recognition and Aftermath 18世纪心绞痛的起源:诱因，识别和后果

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40111504

Ruth Morley, Leon Michaels

引用次数: 2

Aubrey Lewis, Edward Mapother and the Maudsley. 奥布里·刘易斯，爱德华·马普瑟和莫兹利一家。

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Edgar Jones

引用次数: 0

Defining psychiatry: Aubrey Lewis's 1938 report and the Rockefeller Foundation. 定义精神病学:奥布里·刘易斯1938年的报告和洛克菲勒基金会。

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Katherine Angel

引用次数: 0

Aubrey Lewis's report on his visits to psychiatric centres in Europe in 1937. 奥布里·刘易斯1937年访问欧洲精神病中心的报告。

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Aubrey Lewis

引用次数: 0

Aubrey Lewis's introduction to his report. 奥布里·刘易斯对他的报告的介绍。

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0025727300073439

A. Lewis

{"title":"Aubrey Lewis's introduction to his report.","authors":"A. Lewis","doi":"10.1017/S0025727300073439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300073439","url":null,"abstract":"At the suggestion and with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation I visited in 1937 all the European countries except the Balkans, Spain and Portugal, and Germany. As I had already seen something of the psychiatric work in Spain before the Civil War, and had studied in Germany some years ago, when the level of medical work there was higher than it is at present, these omissions did not appreciably affect the purpose of my journey, which was to learn what is being done in neuropsychiatry and related fields. The net was cast fairly wide, in that I was provided by the foundation with letters of introduction not only to those active in teaching and research in neurology or psychiatry, but also to the physiologists, psychologists, geneticists, and others who were pursuing in these fundamental sciences studies which would throw light on our clinical problems and methods of investigation; I was also able to see administrators who controlled organization and development. Such a round of visits (formidable in many respects, and quite impracticable if one had not already from the literature and from personal contacts some knowledge of the work being done) was a reminder of the enormous field psychiatry now straddles over or touches; from social legislation, psychotherapy, or statistics, to neurology, internal medicine, and the minutiae of laboratory research. I have put down in order the men and places I visited, and stated at the beginning some general impressions. It would be possible to avoid so bald a catalogue of an immensely informative and stimulating journey by giving a much more detailed account, which would be to a large extent technical, and by expressing freely the opinions I formed about what I saw in each place, but these, in the circumstances, might sound patronising when appreciative, and hasty or ill-mannered when critical. Moreover, it was impossible not to see the close influence which the political and social situation in each country had upon psychiatry, whether as a branch of public health, medical practice, or research (this, however, goes rather beyond what were my immediate \"terms of reference\"). It was evident-perhaps as a by-product of this state of affairs-that in many places where Germany had long been regarded as the European seat of authority and progress in medical, and especially psychiatric, matters, its place was being taken by England and USA. Many people, I found, were eager to turn …","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0025727300073439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57094644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defining psychiatry: Aubrey Lewis's 1938 report and the Rockefeller Foundation. 定义精神病学:奥布里·刘易斯1938年的报告和洛克菲勒基金会。

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0025727300073427

Katherine Angel

引用次数: 4

Aubrey Lewis's introduction to his report. 奥布里·刘易斯对他的报告的介绍。

Medical history. Supplement Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Aubrey Lewis

引用次数: 0