Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations最新文献_第5页

Prelims Informal Challenges to Mediterranean Politics 地中海政治的非正式挑战

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.51967

Special Issue Informal Challenges to Me Politics

引用次数: 0

Informal Politics in Turkey During the Ozal Era (1983-1989) 厄扎尔时代土耳其的非正式政治(1983-1989)

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.85402

H. Özen

{"title":"Informal Politics in Turkey During the Ozal Era (1983-1989)","authors":"H. Özen","doi":"10.21599/ATJIR.85402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21599/ATJIR.85402","url":null,"abstract":"The use of informal politics, which have always remained as an integral part of the Turkish politics, highly increased during the rule of Uzal governments in the 1980s. In addition to those that have been widely used throughout the republican era, such as neopatrimonialism, clientelism and corruption, new forms of informal politics emerged during the so-called Uzal decade, such as circumvention of the parliament, violation of the rule of law, the involvement of the Uzal family to politics, and so on. Yet, the existing studies on this decade tend to neglect analyzing this phenomenon, failing to provide a complete and accurate picture of the dynamics of politics under the rule of Uzal's Motherland Party. This paper aims to understand why informal politics flourished and became more and more influential on political processes during the Uzal era. Taking the broader hegemonic structures into account, which is often neglected in the relevant literature, it argues that two parallel processes of change, which had radically re-structured the socio-political and economic system in Turkey in the 1980s, played a critical role in preparing the ground for the increasing role of the informal politics during the Uzal years. One was the neoliberal restructuration of the Turkish economy and the other was the transformation of the the socio-political system by the military. These two processes of change weakened formal institutions by creating instability, by decreasing their credibility, and by failing to develop effective mechanisms of enforcement. In addition to their weakness, the new political institutions were constituted in a way to exclude a number of social demands and interests. This environment provided the conditions for an ambitious and authoritarian leader like Uzal to turn to informal politics to carry out the reform process rapidly, to represent the interests and demands of some social groups that were excluded from the formal politics, as well as to pursue his publicly unacceptable goals.","PeriodicalId":7411,"journal":{"name":"Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations","volume":"45 1","pages":"77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80804887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Impact of Accommodating Informal Institutions in Turkish Politics: The Case of Proxy Leadership 接纳非正式制度对土耳其政治的影响:以代理领导为例

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.25330

Gokhan Bacik

引用次数: 1

Conceptual Reflections on Boycott: Understanding and Interpreting Boycotts in the Arab World 对抵制的概念思考:理解和解释阿拉伯世界的抵制

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.99491

Michael Schmidmayr

{"title":"Conceptual Reflections on Boycott: Understanding and Interpreting Boycotts in the Arab World","authors":"Michael Schmidmayr","doi":"10.21599/ATJIR.99491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21599/ATJIR.99491","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, the Arab polities have witnessed some degree of political opening and the enhancement, the reactivation or the mere creation formal political institutions. This clearly forms part of the incumbents' endeavour to stabilise their authoritarian power through re-legitimization patterns. While many political activists'both from the regime-loyal and the opposition side'have been tempted to play by the new rules, others occasionally decide to stay away from that new formal arena of political engagement, preferring to concentrate on alternative patterns. However, rather than a mere black-and-white picture, political activity can also oscillate between formal and informal mechanisms, partly accepting the system's rules while rejecting some other elements. A specific tool used in this middle-course strategy is the device of boycott, which has been amply used in Middle Eastern polities in the past. Boycott both addresses the incumbents and the boycotters' constituencies and potential supporters. While it is certainly used as a tool of political bargaining with the incumbents, it also serves the purpose of upholding support from constituencies and international actors. Despite the amplitude of the phenomenon, however, literature on boycott within authoritarian regimes remains slender; the present study therefore seeks to add some conceptual reflections. This is attempted by conceptualizing the rationales involved and deepening our understanding of what motivates opposition activists to boycott elections, but also by categorizing the different forms of boycott.","PeriodicalId":7411,"journal":{"name":"Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations","volume":"5 1","pages":"20-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89873538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Turkish Foreign Policy toward the Iranian Nuclear Programme: In Search of a New Middle East Order after the Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War 土耳其对伊朗核计划的外交政策:在阿拉伯之春和叙利亚内战后寻求中东新秩序

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-06-15 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.61080

M. Pieper

{"title":"Turkish Foreign Policy toward the Iranian Nuclear Programme: In Search of a New Middle East Order after the Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War","authors":"M. Pieper","doi":"10.21599/ATJIR.61080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21599/ATJIR.61080","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey's role in the Iranian nuclear dossier is often portrayed as that of a 'facilitator' and 'mediator' in scholarly analyses. NATO member Turkey was seen as a potential bridge-builder between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the 'Western camp' of negotiators. During prime minister Erdogan's first legislature, however, Ankara's and Washington's foreign policy outlooks and strategic priorities started to diverge in the course of Turkey's new regional engagement in what has been theorized as a 'Middle-Easternization' of Turkish foreign policy. It is Turkey's location as a geostrategic hub in a politically instable region that informed Turkey's 'Zero problems with neighbors' policy and foreign minister Davutoglu's advocacy for a 'Strategic Depth' in Turkey's foreign and regional policies. Ankara emphasizes its need to uphold sound relations with its neighbors and publicly stresses an unwillingness to go along with Western pressure on Iran, and insists on the principle of non-interference and Iran's right to use nuclear power for peaceful purposes. All the same, Turkish-Iranian relations are undergoing a deterioration in the wake of the Syrian civil war at the time of writing, with both sides supporting diametrically opposite causes and factions. Turkish-Iranian fundamentally differing conceptions of regional order will also impact upon Turkey's leverage power to defuse the Iranian nuclear crisis. This paper therefore adds a timely contribution to our understanding of a multifaceted and nuanced Turkish foreign policy toward Iran that can be a critical complement to 'Western' diplomatic initiatives in the search for new paradigms for a new Middle East order.","PeriodicalId":7411,"journal":{"name":"Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations","volume":"17 1","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78762931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Prelims The Arab Spring: Comparative Perspectives and Regional Implications 阿拉伯之春前期:比较视角和区域影响

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.48926

Prelims Special Issue Arab Spring

引用次数: 0

Arab Spring in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya: A Comparative Analysis of Causes and Determinants 突尼斯、埃及和利比亚的阿拉伯之春:原因和决定因素的比较分析

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.39216

U. M. Ogbonnaya

{"title":"Arab Spring in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya: A Comparative Analysis of Causes and Determinants","authors":"U. M. Ogbonnaya","doi":"10.21599/ATJIR.39216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21599/ATJIR.39216","url":null,"abstract":"The Arab Spring, a pro-democracy uprising which has been sweeping through North Africa and the entire Arab world since 2010, has been described as a cataclysmic revolutionary wave that has seen the over-throw of numerous political regimes in its wake. This has had great impacts on the political developments and democratic governance in the Arab world in particular and the world in general. Though the political, environmental and socio-economic factors and variables that resulted in and sustained the revolutions in the affected states appear similar in nature, they vary from one country to the other.Using the MO Ibrahim Foundation Index, Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index among others on selected indicators, this paper draws a comparative analysis of the key factors and variables that gave rise to the Arab Spring. The paper focuses particularly on the North African countries of Egypt, Libya and Tunisia. Findings show that the inability of governments in these affected states to respond adequately to the growing demands of political inclusion, good governance, job creation and policies of inclusive growth played fundamental roles in awakening the people's consciousness, resulting in the revolutions.This paper recommends the institutionalization of participatory and multiparty democracy and the implementation of people-oriented policies such as job creation and the introduction of poverty reduction programmes among others, as a means of sustaining the success of the revolutions.","PeriodicalId":7411,"journal":{"name":"Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations","volume":"174 1","pages":"4-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78016178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

When Life Imitates Art: The Arab Spring, the Middle East, and the Modern World 当生活模仿艺术:阿拉伯之春，中东和现代世界

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.21049

Sean Foley

引用次数: 6

The Arab Spring and South China Sea Tensions: Analyzing China's Drive to Energy Security 阿拉伯之春与南海紧张局势:分析中国的能源安全动力

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.25982

Henelito A. Sevilla

引用次数: 0

Debating the Merits of the 'Turkish Model for Democratization in the Middle East 辩论“土耳其模式”对中东民主化的好处

Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.21599/ATJIR.79361

Paul Kubicek

{"title":"Debating the Merits of the 'Turkish Model for Democratization in the Middle East","authors":"Paul Kubicek","doi":"10.21599/ATJIR.79361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21599/ATJIR.79361","url":null,"abstract":"The 'Turkish model' has been upheld as a positive example for Middle Eastern countries, particularly in light of the Arab Spring. While Turkey is, in many respects, successful'it has a dynamic economy and in recent years has made great strides toward political liberalization' and the current Turkish government has high standing in the Arab world, this paper will argue that the applicability of a 'Turkish model' to other settings is limited. In part, this is due to confusion over what the 'Turkish model' precisely is or should be. For many years, the 'Turkish model' was taken to be Kemalism, or a statist, authoritarian, secular order imposed 'from above' with the goals of modernization and Westernization. More recently, the 'Turkish model' would mean embracing a more moderate-type of political Islam, exemplified by the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). While the AKP has proven to be successful in Turkey, it came to power in conditions very different than those that prevail in the Arab world at present. In particular, the AKP has evolved to reconcile itself to secularism in Turkey and embraced a program of Europeanization through accession talks with the European Union, an option not on the table in Arab states. Finally, a comparison of the political culture of Turkey with that in much of the Arab world reveals significant differences in values and priorities between the two cases","PeriodicalId":7411,"journal":{"name":"Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations","volume":"101 1","pages":"66-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79396131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7