Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of a web-based screening and brief intervention to prevent problematic alcohol use in Korea: Results of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"S. Jo, H. Lee, Kyonghwa Kang, K. Joe, S. Lee","doi":"10.1111/acer.14169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14169","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Web-based alcohol screenings and brief interventions have been shown to be effective methods for changing drinking behavior. This study evaluated the efficacy of the online-based Brief Empowerment Program for Alcohol Use Monitor (on-BEAM), a brief intervention applying personalized normative feedback (PNF) and components of motivational interviewing (MI) techniques.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A community-based, double-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial with individual randomization was conducted in Korea (registered at Clinical Research Information Service-KCT0003050). An e-mail about participating in a survey on drinking behavior was sent to 5,684 individuals, aged 20-40, that were registered as part of a research panel. Male and female participants with AUDIT-C scores of ≥ 4 and ≥ 3, respectively, were randomly assigned to either an intervention (received a drinking behavior assessment and the results with normative feedback) or control group (assessment and results without normative feedback). To evaluate the effects of the intervention with two sessions over the course of a month, a follow-up assessment was performed online 4-weeks after completion of the intervention. The main outcome was the number of standard drinks consumed during the past week measured using the timeline followback method. The rate ratios (RRs) were calculated to test the effects of the intervention.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In total, 1,496 participants were randomized and 93% of them followed up. The intervention group reported consuming less alcohol during the past week (RR=0.13; P=0.012) than the control group. Additionally, the intervention group had fewer binge drinkers (RR=0.69; P<0.001) and a lower AUDIT-C score (RR=0.59; P=0.009) than the control group.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The web-based intervention, on-BEAM, which applies PNF and MI components related to high-risk drinking reduced the amount of alcohol consumption in our study population. Further research is needed to determine the duration of on-BEAM's effects and evaluate its effectiveness in the real world. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80551595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitating Screening and Brief Interventions in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of the AUDIT as an Indicator of Alcohol Use Disorders","authors":"S. Lange, K. Shield, M. Monteiro, J. Rehm","doi":"10.1111/acer.14171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14171","url":null,"abstract":"Background The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was developed for use in primary health care settings to identify hazardous and harmful patterns of alcohol consumption, and is often used to screen for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). This study examined the AUDIT as a screening tool for AUDs. Methods A systematic literature search was performed of electronic bibliographic databases (CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) without language or geographic restrictions for original quantitative studies published before September 1, 2018, that assess the AUDIT's ability to screen for AUDs. Random‐effects meta‐regression models were constructed by sex to assess the potential determinants of the AUDIT's specificity and sensitivity. From these models and ecological data from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, the true‐ and false‐positive and true‐ and false‐negative proportions were determined. The number of people needed to be screened to treat 1 individual with an AUD was estimated for all countries globally where AUD data exist, using a specificity of 0.95. Results A total of 36 studies met inclusion criteria for the meta‐regression. The AUDIT score cut‐point was significantly associated with sensitivity and specificity. Standard drink size was found to affect the sensitivity and specificity of the AUDIT for men, but not among women. The AUDIT performs less well in identifying women compared to men, and countries with a low prevalence of AUDs have higher false‐positive rates compared to countries with a higher AUD prevalence. Conclusions The AUDIT does not perform well as a screening tool for identifying individuals with an AUD, especially in countries and among populations with a low AUD prevalence (e.g., among women), and thus should not be used for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77903253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observing Alcohol Myopia in the Context of a Trauma Film Paradigm: Differential Recall of Central and Peripheral Details.","authors":"Anna E. Jaffe, C. Harris, D. DiLillo","doi":"10.1111/acer.14156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14156","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000A major tenet of the Alcohol Myopia Model is that intoxication results in a narrowing of attention to the most central environmental cues, at the cost of more peripheral information. Though long hypothesized, no known study of alcohol myopia has demonstrated differential immediate recall of central and peripheral cues using a standardized task. To address this gap, we conducted an alcohol administration study with a clear, standardized focus-a trauma film.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Ninety-eight female social drinkers completed self-report measures, and then were randomized to consume a placebo beverage, a low dose of alcohol (mean Breath Alcohol Concentration [BrAC] = .04%), or a high dose of alcohol (mean BrAC = .11%). Participants then moved to a staged room where they viewed a film clip depicting a sexual assault. After leaving the room, participants completed a written free recall task of the film and the room.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The distinction between recall of central and peripheral details was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Consistent with the Alcohol Myopia Model, relative to placebo, a high dose of alcohol led to impaired recall of peripheral (but not central) details. Although the interaction between BrAC and information type (central vs. peripheral) was not statistically significant, simple effects revealed a strong association between BrAC and peripheral information, and no association between BrAC and central information. Bolstering myopia as an explanation for our findings, neither central nor peripheral information correlated with self-reported tendencies to dissociate or distract oneself, or typical alcohol consumption or expectancies.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Alcohol myopia can be observed through an immediate free recall task following a stressful film. Additional research is needed to continue evaluating dose-dependent differential recall in larger samples. This task may be useful for clarifying the role of alcohol myopia in clinical phenomena, such as aggressive behavior and processing traumatic events. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89525008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased maternal care rescues altered reinstatement responding following moderate prenatal alcohol exposure.","authors":"Sarah L. Olguin, Amber J. Zimmerman, Haikun Zhang, A. Allan, K. Caldwell, J. Brigman","doi":"10.1111/acer.14149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14149","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) commonly includes deficits in learning, memory and executive control that can have a severe negative impact on quality of life across the lifespan. It is still unclear how prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) affects executive control processes, such as control over reward seeking, that lead to inappropriate behavior later in life. Learning and reinstatement of a previously learned response after extinction is a simple, well validated, measure of both acquisition of a rewarded instrumental response, and sensitivity to reward and reward-associated cues. We investigated the effects of PAE on learning, extinction and reinstatement of a simple instrumental response for food reward. Next, we assessed the effectiveness of an early intervention, communal nest (CN) housing, on increased reinstatement of an extinguished response seen after PAE.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000To assess the effects of PAE on control over reward seeking, we tested male and female PAE and saccharine (SAC) controls raised in a standard nest (SN) on the acquisition, extinction, and food reward induced reinstatement of an instrumental response utilizing a touch-screen based paradigm. Next, in order to examine the effects of an early life intervention on these behaviors, we tested PAE and SAC mice raised in a communal nest (CN) early life environment on these behaviors.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000PAE mice readily acquired and extinguished a simple touch response to a white square stimulus. However, PAE mice showed significantly increased and persistent reinstatement compared to controls. Increased maternal care via rearing in CN slowed acquisition and sped extinction learning, and rescued the significantly increased reinstatement responding in PAE mice.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Together these results demonstrate that even moderate PAE is sufficient to alter control over reward seeking as measured by reinstatement. Importantly, an early life intervention previously shown to improve cognitive outcomes in PAE mice was sufficient to ameliorate this effect. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83230964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological and Interpersonal Correlates of Emotional Face Processing in Alcohol Use Disorder.","authors":"Lauren A Hoffman, B. Lewis, S. Nixon","doi":"10.1111/acer.14152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14152","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000A growing literature suggests deficient emotional facial expression (EFE) processing among recently abstinent individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Further investigation is needed to clarify valence-related discrepancies and elucidate neural and psychosocial correlates. We examined neurobehavioral indices of EFE processing and interpersonal problems in treatment seekers with AUDs and healthy community controls (CCs).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Thirty-four individuals with AUDs and 39 CCs completed an emotion judgment task (EJT), requiring discrimination between happy, angry, and sad EFEs. A second task requiring discrimination of male and female faces with neutral expressions served as the control task (i.e., sex judgment task, SJT). Neurophysiological (i.e., N170 and P3) and behavioral measures were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Interpersonal problems were assessed with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-64 (IIP-64). The relationship of IIP-64 and EJT performance was investigated via within-group correlations.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Analysis of the SJT revealed no group differences in behavioral measures, N170 amplitude, or P3 latency. P3 amplitudes, however, were significantly lower in the AUD group. For the EJT, initial observations of group differences in P3 amplitude were accounted for by differences in the control task. Behavioral analyses indicated that the AUD group was significantly less accurate than the CC group. Hypothesis-driven analyses using GLMM-estimated group differences indicated that anger processing was affected to a greater degree than were other emotions. Significant EJT/IIP-64 correlations were observed for anger processing within the AUD group and were confined to IIP-64 subscales with relatively high ratings on the affiliation dimension.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Findings provide partial support for an emotion-specific processing deficit in persons with AUDs. Anger processing was more robustly affected than other emotions and was associated with interpersonal problems characterized by being overly needy, nonassertive, and overly accommodating. Results extend prior reports and reinforce the need for comprehensive study of emotion processing and its real-world implications.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81572958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted fear and sadness recognition in binge drinking: a combined group and individual approach.","authors":"S. Lannoy, F. Benzerouk, P. Maurage, S. Barrière, J. Billieux, M. Naassila, A. Kaladjian, F. Gierski","doi":"10.1111/acer.14151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14151","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Binge drinking is a harmful pattern of alcohol consumption, associated with cognitive and cerebral impairments. Indeed, various cognitive processes have been identified as disrupted in binge drinking, ranging from perceptive to executive functions, but emotional processes have conversely been little investigated. Particularly, it is unclear to what extent binge drinkers present difficulties to recognize and categorize the emotions expressed by other individuals. Such an exploration would, however, offer a more comprehensive view of the deficits associated with alcohol-related disorders, and potentially involved in the maintenance of this harmful habit.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u000052 binge drinkers and 42 control participants performed an emotional task assessing the ability to recognize six basic emotions (i.e. anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness). Accuracy score and detection threshold were collected for each emotion. To explore the extent of emotion recognition difficulties, two analyses were conducted: (1) classical repeated measures analyses of variance, to compare groups' performance, (2) multiple single case analyses (i.e. Crawford t-tests), to determine the percentage of binge drinkers presenting genuine emotion recognition deficits. Correlations were also performed between alcohol consumption characteristics and emotional recognition scores.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Binge drinkers presented reduced performance for the recognition of fear and sadness. Multiple single cases highlighted that these deficits respectively concerned 21.15% and 15.38% of the binge drinking sample, and the relation between binge drinking and reduced sadness detection was supported by correlational analyses.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000These findings show that binge drinking is associated with a disrupted processing of emotional stimuli. By identifying heterogeneity in the impairments presented by binge drinkers, the present results also underline the usefulness of a combined group and individual approach. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82035856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Effects of Naturalistic Drinking Context and Alcohol Sensitivity on Neural Alcohol Cue-Reactivity Responses.","authors":"Jorge S Martins,&nbsp;Bruce D Bartholow,&nbsp;M Lynne Cooper,&nbsp;Kelsey M Irvin,&nbsp;Thomas M Piasecki","doi":"10.1111/acer.14134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considerable evidence indicates that a low level of subjective response to alcohol's acute effects (i.e., low sensitivity) is associated with enhanced risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recent work suggests that the highest risk response profile consists of blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedation-like effects, coupled with enhanced sensitivity to alcohol's stimulation-like effects (i.e., differential sensitivity). A largely separate body of work indicates that enhanced reactivity to alcohol-related cues is associated with increased AUD risk.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The current research examined the extent to which variability in alcohol response phenotypes is associated with enhanced P3 event-related potential (ERP) responses to alcohol-related pictures (ACR-P3), and whether this reactivity varies according to depicted drinking contexts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty young adults (aged 18 to 33 years) completed a self-report measure of alcohol sensitivity (the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire) and viewed images depicting drinking in naturalistic contexts, alcohol and nonalcohol beverages in isolation (devoid of naturalistic drinking context), and neutral nonbeverage control images while ERPs were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedative-like effects was differentially associated with enhanced ACR-P3 but reduced P3 reactivity to nonalcohol cues. Variation in sensitivity to alcohol's stimulant-like effects was not associated with differential ACR-P3. Contrary to predictions, these effects were not potentiated by drinking contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current results replicate and extend previous work linking low alcohol sensitivity with enhanced incentive salience for alcohol-related cues and suggest that cues depicting drinking contexts are less likely to differentiate high-risk from low-risk drinkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.14134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37356371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Can't Wait to Blackout Tonight\": An Analysis of the Motives to Drink to Blackout Expressed on Twitter.","authors":"Benjamin C Riordan,&nbsp;Jennifer E Merrill,&nbsp;Rose Marie Ward","doi":"10.1111/acer.14132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol-related blackouts are associated with a range of negative consequences and are common among social drinkers. Discussing alcohol use on social networking platforms (e.g., Twitter) is common and related to higher alcohol consumption levels. Due to the widespread nature of alcohol-related social networking posts and alcohol-related blackouts, we examined the content of alcohol-related blackouts posts/\"Tweets\" on Twitter, with a focus on intentions to blackout and specific motivations for blacking out.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A set of Tweets containing \"blackout,\" \"blackout,\" \"blacking out,\" \"blacked out,\" or \"blacks out\" were collected from April 26, 2018, and April 29, 2018. Using NVivo software, we coded all preblackout Tweets (i.e., before the blackout experience) for intentions and motives to blackout.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most Tweets that we collected expressed an intention to blackout and these intentions ranged in strength (i.e., will blackout vs. might blackout). With respect to specific motives for blacking out, celebration motives were identified. For example, Tweets addressed blacking out to celebrate one's birthday, someone else's birthday, a school or work accomplishment, a sports win, during a vacation, or a holiday. Another endorsed motive for blacking out was loss or coping motives. For example, the Tweets commented on blacking out to deal with stress or a bad day.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that Twitter users express intentions to blackout due to celebration or coping reasons. Given the consequences associated with blackout drinking, future research should consider the link between blackout intentions, blackout motives, and alcohol-related harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.14132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41188117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction in Drinking was Associated With Improved Clinical Outcomes in Women With HIV Infection and Unhealthy Alcohol Use: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial of Oral Naltrexone Versus Placebo.","authors":"Robert L Cook, Zhi Zhou, Maria Jose Miguez, Clery Quiros, Luis Espinoza, John E Lewis, Babette Brumback, Kendall Bryant","doi":"10.1111/acer.14130","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.14130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol consumption is associated with poor health outcomes in women living with HIV (WLWH), but whether medication can help to reduce drinking in non-treatment-seeking women or whether reduction in drinking improves HIV outcomes is unclear. We conducted a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of daily oral naltrexone (50 mg) versus placebo in WLWH who met criteria for current unhealthy alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>WLWH with current unhealthy alcohol use (>7 drinks/wk or >3 drinks/occasion) were randomly assigned to daily oral naltrexone 50 mg (n = 96) or placebo (n = 98) for 4 months. Drinking outcomes, including the proportion of women who reduced (<unhealthy use criteria) or quit drinking, were assessed at baseline, 2 months, 4 months (end of treatment), and 7 months. In a secondary analysis, HIV viral suppression and changes in CD4 counts were compared in women who did or did not reduce/quit drinking, regardless of intervention assignment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants' mean age was 48 years, 86% were African American, and 94% were receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy. Among all participants, 89% and 85% completed the 4-month and 7-month follow-ups, respectively. Participants in both groups substantially reduced drinking over time. At 1 and 3 months, naltrexone was associated with a greater reduction in drinking (p < 0.05), but the proportion who reduced/quit drinking at 4 months (52% vs. 45%, p = 0.36) or 7 months (64% in both groups) was not different. HIV viral suppression at follow-up was significantly better in participants who reduced/quit drinking versus those continuing unhealthy alcohol use at 4 months (72% vs. 53%, p = 0.02) and 7 months (74% vs. 54%, p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participating in an RCT to reduce drinking was associated with significant drinking reduction regardless of medication assignment, suggesting that nonmedication aspects of research study participation (e.g., repeated assessments and support from research staff) could be important interventions to help reduce drinking outside of research studies. Drinking reduction was associated with improved HIV viral suppression, providing evidence to support recommendations to avoid unhealthy alcohol use among WLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80893231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Follow-Up Study of Older Alcohol-Dependent COGA Adults.","authors":"Grace Chan, John R Kramer, Marc A Schuckit, Victor Hesselbrock, Kathleen K Bucholz, Howard J Edenberg, Laura Acion, Douglas Langbehn, Vivia McCutcheon, John I Nurnberger, Michie Hesselbrock, Bernice Porjesz, Laura Bierut, Bethany C Marenna, Angella Cookman, Samuel Kuperman","doi":"10.1111/acer.14116","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.14116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol consumption and problems are increasing among older adults, who are at elevated risk for alcohol-related accidents and medical problems. This paper describes a pilot follow-up of older adults with a history of alcohol dependence that was designed to determine the feasibility of conducting a more extensive investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of previously assessed subjects in the Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Alcoholism who: (i) were age 50+; (ii) had lifetime DSM-IV AD; and (iii) had DNA available. Individuals were located through family contacts, Internet searches, and death registries. A brief telephone interview assessed demographics, health, and alcohol involvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total sample (N = 2,174), 36% were contacted, 24% were deceased, and 40% were not yet located. Most (89%) contacted subjects were interviewed, and 99% of them agreed to future evaluation. Thirty percent of interviewed subjects reported abstinence for 10+ years, 56% reported drinking within the past year, and 14% last drank between >1 and 10 years ago. There were no age-related past-year differences in weekly consumption (overall sample mean: 16 drinks), number of drinking weeks (30.8), maximum number of drinks in 24 hours (8.1), or prevalence of weekly risky drinking (19%). Among those who drank within the past 5 years, the 3 most common alcohol-related problems were spending excessive time drinking or recovering (49%), drinking more/longer than intended (35%), and driving while intoxicated (35%); and about a third (32%) received some form of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over a 1-year period, we located 60% of individuals last seen an average of 23 years ago. The majority of contacted individuals were interviewed and willing to be evaluated again. Although the proportion of individuals currently drinking diminished with age, subjects exhibited troublesome levels of alcohol consumption and problems. Our findings suggest the importance and feasibility of a more comprehensive follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6685546/pdf/nihms-1032569.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37282904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}