Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research最新文献

{"title":"Neurophysiological and Interpersonal Correlates of Emotional Face Processing in Alcohol Use Disorder.","authors":"Lauren A Hoffman, B. Lewis, S. Nixon","doi":"10.1111/acer.14152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14152","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000A growing literature suggests deficient emotional facial expression (EFE) processing among recently abstinent individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Further investigation is needed to clarify valence-related discrepancies and elucidate neural and psychosocial correlates. We examined neurobehavioral indices of EFE processing and interpersonal problems in treatment seekers with AUDs and healthy community controls (CCs).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Thirty-four individuals with AUDs and 39 CCs completed an emotion judgment task (EJT), requiring discrimination between happy, angry, and sad EFEs. A second task requiring discrimination of male and female faces with neutral expressions served as the control task (i.e., sex judgment task, SJT). Neurophysiological (i.e., N170 and P3) and behavioral measures were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Interpersonal problems were assessed with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-64 (IIP-64). The relationship of IIP-64 and EJT performance was investigated via within-group correlations.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Analysis of the SJT revealed no group differences in behavioral measures, N170 amplitude, or P3 latency. P3 amplitudes, however, were significantly lower in the AUD group. For the EJT, initial observations of group differences in P3 amplitude were accounted for by differences in the control task. Behavioral analyses indicated that the AUD group was significantly less accurate than the CC group. Hypothesis-driven analyses using GLMM-estimated group differences indicated that anger processing was affected to a greater degree than were other emotions. Significant EJT/IIP-64 correlations were observed for anger processing within the AUD group and were confined to IIP-64 subscales with relatively high ratings on the affiliation dimension.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Findings provide partial support for an emotion-specific processing deficit in persons with AUDs. Anger processing was more robustly affected than other emotions and was associated with interpersonal problems characterized by being overly needy, nonassertive, and overly accommodating. Results extend prior reports and reinforce the need for comprehensive study of emotion processing and its real-world implications.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81572958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted fear and sadness recognition in binge drinking: a combined group and individual approach.","authors":"S. Lannoy, F. Benzerouk, P. Maurage, S. Barrière, J. Billieux, M. Naassila, A. Kaladjian, F. Gierski","doi":"10.1111/acer.14151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14151","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Binge drinking is a harmful pattern of alcohol consumption, associated with cognitive and cerebral impairments. Indeed, various cognitive processes have been identified as disrupted in binge drinking, ranging from perceptive to executive functions, but emotional processes have conversely been little investigated. Particularly, it is unclear to what extent binge drinkers present difficulties to recognize and categorize the emotions expressed by other individuals. Such an exploration would, however, offer a more comprehensive view of the deficits associated with alcohol-related disorders, and potentially involved in the maintenance of this harmful habit.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u000052 binge drinkers and 42 control participants performed an emotional task assessing the ability to recognize six basic emotions (i.e. anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness). Accuracy score and detection threshold were collected for each emotion. To explore the extent of emotion recognition difficulties, two analyses were conducted: (1) classical repeated measures analyses of variance, to compare groups' performance, (2) multiple single case analyses (i.e. Crawford t-tests), to determine the percentage of binge drinkers presenting genuine emotion recognition deficits. Correlations were also performed between alcohol consumption characteristics and emotional recognition scores.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Binge drinkers presented reduced performance for the recognition of fear and sadness. Multiple single cases highlighted that these deficits respectively concerned 21.15% and 15.38% of the binge drinking sample, and the relation between binge drinking and reduced sadness detection was supported by correlational analyses.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000These findings show that binge drinking is associated with a disrupted processing of emotional stimuli. By identifying heterogeneity in the impairments presented by binge drinkers, the present results also underline the usefulness of a combined group and individual approach. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82035856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Effects of Naturalistic Drinking Context and Alcohol Sensitivity on Neural Alcohol Cue-Reactivity Responses.","authors":"Jorge S Martins,&nbsp;Bruce D Bartholow,&nbsp;M Lynne Cooper,&nbsp;Kelsey M Irvin,&nbsp;Thomas M Piasecki","doi":"10.1111/acer.14134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considerable evidence indicates that a low level of subjective response to alcohol's acute effects (i.e., low sensitivity) is associated with enhanced risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recent work suggests that the highest risk response profile consists of blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedation-like effects, coupled with enhanced sensitivity to alcohol's stimulation-like effects (i.e., differential sensitivity). A largely separate body of work indicates that enhanced reactivity to alcohol-related cues is associated with increased AUD risk.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The current research examined the extent to which variability in alcohol response phenotypes is associated with enhanced P3 event-related potential (ERP) responses to alcohol-related pictures (ACR-P3), and whether this reactivity varies according to depicted drinking contexts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty young adults (aged 18 to 33 years) completed a self-report measure of alcohol sensitivity (the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire) and viewed images depicting drinking in naturalistic contexts, alcohol and nonalcohol beverages in isolation (devoid of naturalistic drinking context), and neutral nonbeverage control images while ERPs were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedative-like effects was differentially associated with enhanced ACR-P3 but reduced P3 reactivity to nonalcohol cues. Variation in sensitivity to alcohol's stimulant-like effects was not associated with differential ACR-P3. Contrary to predictions, these effects were not potentiated by drinking contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current results replicate and extend previous work linking low alcohol sensitivity with enhanced incentive salience for alcohol-related cues and suggest that cues depicting drinking contexts are less likely to differentiate high-risk from low-risk drinkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 8","pages":"1777-1789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.14134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37356371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Can't Wait to Blackout Tonight\": An Analysis of the Motives to Drink to Blackout Expressed on Twitter.","authors":"Benjamin C Riordan,&nbsp;Jennifer E Merrill,&nbsp;Rose Marie Ward","doi":"10.1111/acer.14132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol-related blackouts are associated with a range of negative consequences and are common among social drinkers. Discussing alcohol use on social networking platforms (e.g., Twitter) is common and related to higher alcohol consumption levels. Due to the widespread nature of alcohol-related social networking posts and alcohol-related blackouts, we examined the content of alcohol-related blackouts posts/\"Tweets\" on Twitter, with a focus on intentions to blackout and specific motivations for blacking out.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A set of Tweets containing \"blackout,\" \"blackout,\" \"blacking out,\" \"blacked out,\" or \"blacks out\" were collected from April 26, 2018, and April 29, 2018. Using NVivo software, we coded all preblackout Tweets (i.e., before the blackout experience) for intentions and motives to blackout.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most Tweets that we collected expressed an intention to blackout and these intentions ranged in strength (i.e., will blackout vs. might blackout). With respect to specific motives for blacking out, celebration motives were identified. For example, Tweets addressed blacking out to celebrate one's birthday, someone else's birthday, a school or work accomplishment, a sports win, during a vacation, or a holiday. Another endorsed motive for blacking out was loss or coping motives. For example, the Tweets commented on blacking out to deal with stress or a bad day.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that Twitter users express intentions to blackout due to celebration or coping reasons. Given the consequences associated with blackout drinking, future research should consider the link between blackout intentions, blackout motives, and alcohol-related harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 8","pages":"1769-1776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.14132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41188117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Follow-Up Study of Older Alcohol-Dependent COGA Adults.","authors":"Grace Chan, John R Kramer, Marc A Schuckit, Victor Hesselbrock, Kathleen K Bucholz, Howard J Edenberg, Laura Acion, Douglas Langbehn, Vivia McCutcheon, John I Nurnberger, Michie Hesselbrock, Bernice Porjesz, Laura Bierut, Bethany C Marenna, Angella Cookman, Samuel Kuperman","doi":"10.1111/acer.14116","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.14116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol consumption and problems are increasing among older adults, who are at elevated risk for alcohol-related accidents and medical problems. This paper describes a pilot follow-up of older adults with a history of alcohol dependence that was designed to determine the feasibility of conducting a more extensive investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of previously assessed subjects in the Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Alcoholism who: (i) were age 50+; (ii) had lifetime DSM-IV AD; and (iii) had DNA available. Individuals were located through family contacts, Internet searches, and death registries. A brief telephone interview assessed demographics, health, and alcohol involvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total sample (N = 2,174), 36% were contacted, 24% were deceased, and 40% were not yet located. Most (89%) contacted subjects were interviewed, and 99% of them agreed to future evaluation. Thirty percent of interviewed subjects reported abstinence for 10+ years, 56% reported drinking within the past year, and 14% last drank between >1 and 10 years ago. There were no age-related past-year differences in weekly consumption (overall sample mean: 16 drinks), number of drinking weeks (30.8), maximum number of drinks in 24 hours (8.1), or prevalence of weekly risky drinking (19%). Among those who drank within the past 5 years, the 3 most common alcohol-related problems were spending excessive time drinking or recovering (49%), drinking more/longer than intended (35%), and driving while intoxicated (35%); and about a third (32%) received some form of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over a 1-year period, we located 60% of individuals last seen an average of 23 years ago. The majority of contacted individuals were interviewed and willing to be evaluated again. Although the proportion of individuals currently drinking diminished with age, subjects exhibited troublesome levels of alcohol consumption and problems. Our findings suggest the importance and feasibility of a more comprehensive follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 8","pages":"1759-1768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6685546/pdf/nihms-1032569.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37282904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies.","authors":"Koen Smit, C. Voogt, R. Otten, M. Kleinjan, E. Kuntsche","doi":"10.1111/acer.14139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14139","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Alcohol expectancies (AE), that is, the anticipated effects of alcohol, start developing early in childhood and are important predictors of alcohol use years later. Whereas previous research has demonstrated that parental drinking relates to children's AE, this study aims to test whether exposure to parental alcohol use mediates the link between parental alcohol use and positive and negative AE among children (6 to 8 years) and early adolescents (12 to 15 years).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Longitudinal multi-informant family studies were conducted in the Netherlands among children (Study 1 (2015 to 2017): N = 329; 48.9% boys; Mage  = 4.6) and adolescents (Study 2 [2015 to 2018]: N = 755; 45.6% boys; Mage  = 11.3). Fathers' and mothers' alcohol use in terms of quantity and exposure (i.e., the frequency of alcohol use in 9 family-specific situations), and offspring's AE were collected using online questionnaires.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Structural equation modeling conducted in the full sample and separately by gender revealed the following: For children, no associations were found in the full sample. However, gender-specific results indicated that fathers' exposure was associated with (and mediated) favorable AE. Among adolescents, fathers' exposure was associated with (and mediated) social and coping AE (both boys and girls) and enhancement AE (only boys). Contrastingly, neither mothers' alcohol use nor its exposure was associated with any AE. Although different associations were found by offspring's gender, strong evidence for gender differences was lacking.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000This study indicates that, for specific expectancies, exposure to fathers' alcohol use shapes offspring's cognitions about the effects of alcohol, rather than fathers' alcohol use in general. Prevention efforts could focus on lowering the degree to which fathers expose their drinking, which might be more easily changeable than drinking in general.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74238236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Behavioral Phenotypes on Impaired Driving Recidivism Risk and Treatment Response to Brief Intervention: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Nathaniel Moxley-Kelly,&nbsp;Marie Claude Ouimet,&nbsp;Maurice Dongier,&nbsp;Florence Chanut,&nbsp;Jacques Tremblay,&nbsp;Walter Marcantoni,&nbsp;Thomas G Brown","doi":"10.1111/acer.13935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heterogeneity in the driving while impaired (DWI) offender population and modest outcomes from remedial programs are fueling interest in clarifying clinically significant DWI subtypes to better assess recidivism risk and target interventions. Our previous research identified 2 putative behavior phenotypes of DWI offenders with distinct behavioral, personality, cognitive, and neurobiological profiles: (i) offenders primarily engaging in DWI (pDWI); and (ii) offenders engaging in DWI and other traffic violations (MIXED). Here, we evaluate these phenotypes' clinical significance for prediction of recidivism and intervention targeting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DWI recidivists participating in a previous randomized controlled trial (N = 184 comparing brief motivational interviewing (BMI) and an information and advice control condition (IA) were retrospectively classified as either pDWI (n = 97) or MIXED (n = 87). Secondary analyses then evaluated the effect of this phenotypic classification on self-reported 6- and 12-month alcohol misuse outcomes and documented 5-year DWI recidivism violations, and in response to either BMI or IA (i.e., pDWI-BMI, n = 46; MIXED-BMI, n = 45; pDWI-IA, n = 51; MIXED-IA, n = 42). Two hypotheses were tested: (i) MIXED classification is associated with poorer alcohol misuse outcomes and recidivism outcomes than pDWI classification; and (ii) pDWI paired with BMI is associated with better outcomes compared to MIXED paired with BMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MIXED classification was associated with significantly greater risk of recidivism over the 5-year follow-up compared to pDWI classification. Moreover, the pDWI-BMI pairing was associated with significantly decreased recidivism risk compared to the MIXED-BMI pairing. Analyses of 6- and 12-month alcohol use outcomes produced null findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical significance of phenotypic classification for risk assessment and targeting intervention was partially supported with respect to recidivism risk. Prospective investigation of this and other behavioral phenotypes is indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 2","pages":"324-333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36770980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Effect of a Brief Drinking Intervention Using Neuroimaging: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Erica N Grodin,&nbsp;Lara A Ray,&nbsp;James MacKillop,&nbsp;Aaron C Lim,&nbsp;Mitchell P Karno","doi":"10.1111/acer.13941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brief interventions have empirical support for acutely reducing alcohol use among non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers. Neuroimaging techniques allow for the examination of the neurobiological effect of behavioral interventions, probing brain systems putatively involved in clinical response to treatment. Few studies have prospectively evaluated whether psychosocial interventions attenuate neural cue reactivity that in turn reduces drinking in the same population. This study aimed to examine the effect of a brief intervention on drinking outcomes, neural alcohol cue reactivity, and the ability of neural alcohol cue reactivity to prospectively predict drinking outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinking participants were randomized to receive a brief interview intervention (n = 22) or an attention-matched control (n = 24). Immediately following the intervention or control, participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan comprised of the alcohol taste cues paradigm. Four weeks after the intervention (or control), participants completed a follow-up visit to report on their past-month drinking. Baseline and follow-up percent heavy drinking days (PHDD) were calculated for each participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant effect of the brief intervention on PHDD at follow-up or on modulating neural activation to alcohol relative to water taste cues. There was a significant association between neural response to alcohol taste cues and PHDD across groups (Z > 2.3, p < 0.05), such that individuals who had greater neural reactivity to alcohol taste cues in the precuneus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) had fewer PHDD at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study did not find an effect of the brief intervention on alcohol use in this sample, and the intervention was not associated with differential neural alcohol cue reactivity. Nevertheless, greater activation of the precuneus and PFC during alcohol cue exposure predicted less alcohol use prospectively suggesting that these neural substrates subserve the effects of alcohol cues on drinking behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 2","pages":"367-377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36789691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Accurately Assessing Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in a Study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in a Youth Detention Center.","authors":"Jacinta Freeman,&nbsp;Carmen Condon,&nbsp;Sharynne Hamilton,&nbsp;Raewyn C Mutch,&nbsp;Carol Bower,&nbsp;Rochelle E Watkins","doi":"10.1111/acer.13926","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.13926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in permanent disability, including physical, neurodevelopmental, and cognitive impairments, known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Individuals with FASD are more likely to engage with the law, including being placed in detention, than individuals without FASD. Young people who were sentenced to detention participated in a FASD prevalence study in Western Australia. The diagnosis of FASD requires a multidisciplinary assessment and confirmation of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Obtaining accurate assessment of PAE for young people participating in the study was challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An interview with the birth mother or other responsible adult for young people sentenced to detention in Western Australia was conducted as part of the FASD assessment. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test consumption subset (AUDIT-C), other relevant questions, and documentary evidence were used to assess PAE. PAE was categorized according to the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD: no PAE reported, confirmed or confirmed high-risk, or unknown.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 101 participants, information on PAE was unable to be obtained for 13 (13%) young people. Of the remaining 88 participants with information of PAE, 41 reported no PAE and 47 had confirmed PAE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accurately assessing prenatal alcohol consumption is challenging in any setting, but it is exceptionally challenging when assessed 13 to 17 years retrospectively as part of a FASD assessment for a young person sentenced to detention. Recording and recoding detailed qualitative responses was required to provide an accurate assessment of PAE using the AUDIT-C. Standardized recording of PAE in antenatal and birth records would facilitate later assessments for FASD and provide opportunities for advice and support for women who continue to drink during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 2","pages":"309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36677839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Consumption in Combination with an Atherogenic Diet Increased Indices of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Double-Knockout Mice.","authors":"Yuzo Furuta,&nbsp;Jinyao Liu,&nbsp;Ayako Himemiya-Hakucho,&nbsp;Koichi Yoshimura,&nbsp;Tatsuya Fujimiya","doi":"10.1111/acer.13925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol abuse and adherence to atherogenic diet (AD; a low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet) have been positively associated with cardiovascular disease. In addition, it has been demonstrated clinically that dietary intake is increased on days when alcohol is consumed. Here, the additive effects of ethanol (EtOH) and AD on atherosclerosis, a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, were investigated in apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor double-knockout (KO) mice. The mechanisms, especially aortic oxidative stress damage, were highlighted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve-week-old male KO mice on AD with or without EtOH treatment were bred for 4 months. Age-matched male C57BL/6J mice on a standard chow diet without EtOH treatment served as controls. Analyses were conducted using ultrasound biomicroscopy, histopathological and fluorescence immunohistochemical examinations, Western blots, and polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KO mice on AD with EtOH treatment showed increases in aortic maximum intima media thickness, hypoechoic plaque formation, and mean Oil-Red-O content. These results were associated with enhanced ratio of aortic 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)-immunopositive area to the metallothionein (MT) immunopositive area and suppression of AD-induced up-regulated aortic Mt1, Mt2, and upstream stimulatory factor 1 mRNA expressions. Moreover, 8-OHdG was expressed in the nuclei of CD31- and alpha smooth muscle actin-immunopositive cells, and the up-regulated mRNA expressions of aortic nitric oxide synthase 3 and platelet-derived growth factors were only observed in the KO mice on AD with EtOH treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alcohol abuse and adherence to AD may promote the shift of aortic oxidative stress and antioxidative stress balance toward oxidative stress predominance and reduced antioxidative stress, which may be partly due to the decrease in MT at the cell biological level and down-regulation of Mt at the gene level, which in turn could play a role in the up-regulation of endothelial dysfunction-related and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation-related gene expression and the progression of atherosclerosis in mice with hyperlipidemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 2","pages":"227-242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36678322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}