Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research最新文献

{"title":"Brain Glutamate, GABA, and Glutamine Levels and Associations with Recent Drinking in Treatment-Naïve Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Versus Light Drinkers.","authors":"James J Prisciandaro,&nbsp;Joseph P Schacht,&nbsp;Andrew P Prescot,&nbsp;Perry F Renshaw,&nbsp;Truman R Brown,&nbsp;Raymond F Anton","doi":"10.1111/acer.13931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹ H-MRS) studies have demonstrated abnormal levels of a variety of neurometabolites in inpatients/outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) following acute alcohol withdrawal relative to healthy controls. In contrast, few studies have compared neurometabolite levels between less severe, treatment-naïve AUD individuals and light drinkers (LD) or related them to recent alcohol consumption. The present study compared neurometabolite levels between treatment-naïve AUD and LD individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty treatment-naïve individuals with AUD and 20 demographically matched LD completed an ¹ H-MRS scan, approximately 2.5 days following their last reported drink. ¹ H-MRS data were acquired in dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) using a 2-dimensional J-resolved point-resolved spectroscopy sequence. dACC neurometabolite levels, with a focus on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA, were compared between AUD and LD participants. The associations between metabolite levels and recent drinking were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AUD participants had significantly lower concentrations of GABA (Cohen's d = 0.79, p = 0.017) and glutamine (Cohen's d = 1.12, p = 0.005), but not glutamate (Cohen's d = 0.05, p = 0.893), relative to LD. As previously reported, AUD participants' glutamate and N-acetylaspartate concentrations were inversely associated with their number of heavy drinking days. In contrast, neither number of drinking (mean p = 0.56) nor heavy drinking (mean p = 0.47) days were associated with metabolite concentrations in LD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study demonstrated significantly lower levels of prefrontal γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamine in treatment-naïve individuals with AUD relative to LD. Whether these findings reflect the neurotoxic consequence and/or neuroadaptive response of alcohol consumption versus a predrinking trait, and therefore a more durable neurochemical disturbance, awaits elucidation from longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 2","pages":"221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36771558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Prevalence of Alcoholic Gastritis in Hospitalized Individuals Who Consume Cannabis.","authors":"Adeyinka Charles Adejumo,&nbsp;Jingjing Li,&nbsp;Olalekan Akanbi,&nbsp;Kelechi Lauretta Adejumo,&nbsp;Terence Ndonyi Bukong","doi":"10.1111/acer.13930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcoholic gastritis, a superficial erosive disease of the stomach, is a common manifestation of risky alcohol use. In contrast, cannabis which is frequently co-used with alcohol suppresses gastric acidity and might counteract the deleterious effect of alcohol on the gastric mucosa. However, no clinical study has examined the impact of cannabis use on the development of alcoholic gastritis among risky alcohol users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed hospital discharge records of adults (age ≥ 18 years), from 2014 of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, with a diagnosis of risky alcohol use (n = 316,916). We used a propensity-based matching algorithm to match cannabis users to nonusers on 1:1 ratio (30,713: 30,713). We then measured the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for having alcoholic gastritis using conditional Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that among risky alcohol users, cannabis co-users have a lower prevalence of alcoholic gastritis compared to noncannabis users (1,289 [1,169 to 1,421] vs. 1,723 [1,583 to 1,875] per 100,000 hospitalizations for risky alcohol use), resulting in a 25% decreased probability of alcoholic gastritis (aRR: 0.75 [0.66 to 0.85]; p-value <0.0001). Furthermore, dependent cannabis usage resulted in a lower prevalence of alcoholic gastritis when compared to both nondependent cannabis users (0.72 [0.52 to 0.99]) and to noncannabis users (0.56 [0.41 to 0.76]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We reveal that risky alcohol drinking combined with cannabis use is associated with reduced prevalence of alcohol-associated gastritis in patients. Given increased cannabis legislation globally, understanding whether and how the specific ingredients in cannabis plant extract can be used in the treatment of alcoholic gastritis is paramount. In this regard, further molecular mechanistic studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms of our novel findings not only for alcoholic gastritis but also for gastritis from other causes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 2","pages":"270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36815355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of ADHD in the Co-Occurrence Between Heavy Alcohol Use and Depression Trajectories in Adulthood.","authors":"Frances L Wang,&nbsp;Sarah L Pedersen,&nbsp;Heather Joseph,&nbsp;Elizabeth M Gnagy,&nbsp;Patrick Curran,&nbsp;William E Pelham,&nbsp;Brooke S G Molina","doi":"10.1111/acer.13934","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.13934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with greater heavy alcohol use and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Yet, few studies have investigated whether childhood ADHD predicts an increased association between heavy drinking and depression in adulthood when this co-occurrence becomes more common. We examined associations among heavy alcohol use and depression longitudinally from ages 21 to 29 and whether these associations differed for those with or without childhood ADHD, as well as for those with or without persistent ADHD in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study, a prospective cohort of children diagnosed with ADHD and demographically similar individuals without ADHD histories. ADHD symptoms in adulthood were self- and parent reported; depressive symptoms and frequency of drinking 5 or more drinks in a single drinking occasion were self-reported and measured at 5 time-points from ages 21 to 29. Depression and alcohol use were modeled in a multiple-group, parallel process longitudinal growth model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The slopes of heavy alcohol use and depression were significantly and positively associated from ages 25 to 29 but not at the younger ages. Although the strength of these associations did not differ by group (with or without ADHD, childhood or adulthood), the slopes of depression and heavy drinking at the older ages were highly variable and individuals with ADHD showed significantly faster growth in depression from ages 25 to 29.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the strengthening association between heavy drinking and depression for adults in their late 20s, and increasing depression for adults with ADHD histories, individuals with ADHD may be at greater risk for co-occurring depression and binge drinking. Negative reinforcement-related alcohol use may strengthen as these individuals age toward the fourth decade of life. More rigorous testing of this possibility is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 2","pages":"342-352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36760131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/acer.13956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13956","url":null,"abstract":"In Global Change Biology 17, 2089 – 2388, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02700.x, the first affiliation is incorrect. The author byline and affiliations should appear as below: DAV ID M . SUMMERS * , BRETT A . BRYAN* , NEV ILLE D . CROSSMAN* and WAYNE S. MEYER† *CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PMB 2 Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5036, Australia, †School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus Urrbrae, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia We apologize for this error.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"43 2","pages":"378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36951033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ting-Kai Li: In Memoriam.","authors":"Victor M Hesselbrock, Michie Hesselbrock, Adolf Pfefferbaum, Edith V Sullivan, Howard J Edenberg","doi":"10.1111/acer.13937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13937","url":null,"abstract":"Ting-Kai (T-K) Li, MD died on November 18, 2018, just five days after his 84th birthday. T-K had a wonderful and distinguished academic and public service career, spanning almost five decades. Born in Nanjing, China, T-K fled with his family to South Africa during World War II, while a young boy. He initially enrolled in the University of the Witwatersrand but eventually made his way to Chicago where he obtained his undergraduate degree at Northwestern University prior to attending Harvard Medical School. T-K completed his residency in internal medicine at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, where he was named chief medical resident in 1965. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"61 1","pages":"202-203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78326783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Outlets, Neighborhood Retail Environments, and Pedestrian Injury Risk.","authors":"Elizabeth D Nesoff,&nbsp;Adam J Milam,&nbsp;Charles C Branas,&nbsp;Silvia S Martins,&nbsp;Amy R Knowlton,&nbsp;Debra M Furr-Holden","doi":"10.1111/acer.13844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol outlet density has been associated with increased pedestrian injury risk. It is unclear whether this is because alcohol outlets are located in dense retail areas with heavy pedestrian traffic or whether alcohol outlets contribute a unique neighborhood risk. We aimed to compare the pedestrian injury rate around alcohol outlets to the rate around other, similar retail outlets that do not sell alcohol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A spatial analysis was conducted on census block groups in Baltimore City. Data included pedestrian injury emergency medical services (EMS) records from January 1, 2014 to April 15, 2015 (n = 848); locations of alcohol outlets licensed for off-premise (n = 726) and on-premise consumption (n = 531); and corner (n = 398) and convenience stores (n = 192) that do not sell alcohol. Negative binomial regression was used to determine the relationship between retail outlet count and pedestrian injuries, controlling for key confounding variables. Spatial autocorrelation was also assessed and variable selection adjusted accordingly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each additional off-premise alcohol outlet was associated with a 12.3% increase in the rate of neighborhood pedestrian injury when controlling for convenience and corner stores and other confounders (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.123, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.065, 1.184, p < 0.001). The attributable risk was 4.9% (95% CI = 0.3, 8.9) or 41 additional injuries. On-premise alcohol outlets were not significant predictors of neighborhood pedestrian injury rate in multivariable models (IRR = 0.972, 95% CI = 0.940, 1.004, p = 0.194).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Off-premise alcohol outlets are associated with pedestrian injury rate, even when controlling for other types of retail outlets. Findings reinforce the importance of alcohol outlets in understanding neighborhood pedestrian injury risk and may provide evidence for informing policy on liquor store licensing, zoning, and enforcement.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"42 10","pages":"1979-1987"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13844","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36392412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Cut-Points for Phosphatidylethanol Vary by Clinical Setting: Response to Nguyen and Seth's (2018) Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Majid Afshar,&nbsp;Ellen L Burnham,&nbsp;Cara Joyce,&nbsp;Elizabeth J Kovacs,&nbsp;Erin M Lowery","doi":"10.1111/acer.13853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13853","url":null,"abstract":"In the letter by Nguyen et al. 2018, the authors raise several concerns in measuring PEth in critically ill patients, most notably that our calculated cut-points are higher than previously described that may in part be attributable to lower red cell volume in critically ill patients. We appreciate their comments and acknowledge substantial variability in the pathway of PEth synthesis and degradation, especially in more severely ill patients. However, we also believe substantial selection bias exists in the literature regarding PEth cut-point levels, and that additional consideration should be given to the phenotype of alcohol use among patients in various clinical settings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"42 10","pages":"2064-2065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36355338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Alcohol and Social Context on the Startle Eyeblink Reflex.","authors":"Dahyeon Kang,&nbsp;Konrad Bresin,&nbsp;Catharine E Fairbairn","doi":"10.1111/acer.13838","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.13838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Researchers have long sought to understand how individuals respond to alcohol in social settings with the aim of elucidating pathways of risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). But studies that incorporate a social context are still outnumbered by those that examine alcohol's subjective effects among participants drinking alcohol in isolation. Further, perhaps due to the challenges of capturing automatic affective processes in these settings, prior studies of alcohol response in social context have relied mainly on self-report measures, and so relatively little is known about alcohol's psychophysiological effects in social settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a novel paradigm that integrated alcohol-administration procedures, startle methodology, and social context, this study examined the impact of alcohol and social context on startle eyeblink reflex among 40 social drinkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that there was a significant effect of group presence, indicating that startle magnitude was larger when people were alone than with others. There was a significant group presence-by-alcoholic beverage interaction, with the effect of alcohol being significantly larger when people were alone versus with others. These effects were found both for the startle habituation data and during the picture-viewing task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of this study highlight the importance of considering the presence of other individuals for understanding alcohol response and mechanisms of AUD risk. Findings are discussed in light of both emotional and cognitive correlates of startle reflex magnitude. Future research should examine these effects within larger samples of participants and further explore mechanisms that might underlie these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"42 10","pages":"1951-1960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36299080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Trial with Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Attentional Bias Modification in Alcohol-Dependent Patients.","authors":"Tess E den Uyl,&nbsp;Thomas E Gladwin,&nbsp;Johannes Lindenmeyer,&nbsp;Reinout W Wiers","doi":"10.1111/acer.13841","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.13841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modifying attentional processes with attentional bias modification (ABM) might be a relevant add-on to treatment in addiction. This study investigated whether influencing cortical plasticity with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could increase training effects. tDCS could also help alcohol-dependent patients to overcome craving and reduce relapse, independent of training. These approaches were combined to investigate effects in the treatment of alcoholism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-eight patients (analytical sample = 83) were randomly assigned to 4 groups in a 2-by-2 factorial design. Patients received 4 sessions of ABM (control or real training) combined with 2 mA tDCS (active: 20 minutes or sham: 30 seconds) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Alcohol bias and craving were assessed, and treatment outcome was measured as relapse after 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Attentional bias scores indicated that during the training only the group with active tDCS and real ABM displayed an overall avoidance bias (p < 0.05). From pre- to postassessment, there were no main or interaction effects of tDCS and ABM on the bias scores, craving, or relapse (p > 0.2). However, effects on relapse after active tDCS were in the expected direction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of tDCS or ABM or the combination. Whether the absence of effect was due to issues with the outcome measurements (e.g., lack of craving, high dropout, and unreliable measurements) or aspects of the intervention should be further investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"42 10","pages":"1961-1969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36325804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Ameliorates Chronic Ethanol-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis by Restoring Autophagic Flux.","authors":"Chi Zhou,&nbsp;Jin Huang,&nbsp;Qing Li,&nbsp;Chenao Zhan,&nbsp;Ying He,&nbsp;Jinyan Liu,&nbsp;Zheng Wen,&nbsp;Dao Wen Wang","doi":"10.1111/acer.13847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13847","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Chronic drinking leads to myocardial contractile dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiac fibrosis is a consequence of these alcoholic injuries. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) hydrolyzes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to less bioactive diols, and EETs have cardioprotective properties. However, the effects of sEH inhibition in ethanol (EtOH)-induced cardiac fibrosis are unknown.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This study was designed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of sEH inhibition in chronic EtOH feeding-induced cardiac fibrosis. C57BL/6J mice were fed a 4% Lieber-DeCarli EtOH diet for 8 weeks, and the sEH inhibitor 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) was administered throughout the experimental period.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The results showed that chronic EtOH intake led to cardiac dilatation, collagen deposition, and autophagosome accumulation, while TPPU administration ameliorated these effects. In vitro, treating primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) with EtOH resulted in CF activation, including alpha smooth muscle actin overexpression, collagen synthesis, and cell migration. Moreover, EtOH disturbed CF autophagic flux, as evidenced by the increased LC3 II/I ratio and SQSTM1 expression, and by the enhanced autophagosome accumulation. TPPU treatment prevented the activation of CF induced by EtOH and restored the impaired autophagic flux by suppressing mTOR activation.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Taken together, these findings suggest that sEH pharmacological inhibition may be a unique therapeutic strategy for treating EtOH-induced cardiac fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":7410,"journal":{"name":"Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research","volume":"42 10","pages":"1970-1978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/acer.13847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36345606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}