Luca Pagani, Vincenza Colonna, Chris Tyler-Smith, Qasim Ayub
{"title":"An Ethnolinguistic and Genetic Perspective on the Origins of the Dravidian-Speaking Brahui in Pakistan.","authors":"Luca Pagani, Vincenza Colonna, Chris Tyler-Smith, Qasim Ayub","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pakistan is a part of South Asia that modern humans encountered soon after they left Africa ~50 - 70,000 years ago. Approximately 9,000 years ago they began establishing cities that eventually expanded to represent the Harappan culture, rivalling the early city states of Mesopotamia. The modern state constitutes the north western land mass of the Indian sub-continent and is now the abode of almost 200 million humans representing many ethnicities and linguistic groups. Studies utilising autosomal, Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA markers in selected Pakistani populations revealed a mixture of Western Eurasian-, South- and East Asian-specific lineages, some of which were unequivocally associated with past migrations. Overall in Pakistan, genetic relationships are generally predicted more accurately by geographic proximity than linguistic origin. The Dravidian-speaking Brahui population are a prime example of this. They currently reside in south-western Pakistan, surrounded by Indo-Europeans speakers with whom they share a common genetic origin. In contrast, the Hazara share the highest affinity with East Asians, despite their Indo-European linguistic affiliation. In this report we reexamine the genetic origins of the Brahuis, and compare them with diverse populations from India, including several Dravidian-speaking groups, and present a genetic perspective on ethnolinguistic groups in present-day Pakistan. Given the high affinity of Brahui to the other Indo-European Pakistani populations and the absence of population admixture with any of the examined Indian Dravidian groups, we conclude that Brahui are an example of cultural (linguistic) retention following a major population replacement.</p>","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"97 1","pages":"267-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378296/pdf/emss-72050.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9952920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Man in IndiaPub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.4135/9781483391144.n329
U. Rao
{"title":"RITUAL (AS) POLITICS","authors":"U. Rao","doi":"10.4135/9781483391144.n329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483391144.n329","url":null,"abstract":"An attention has been drawn, in this paper to the way every day affairs enter into the ritual domain and are negotiated during the ritual process. It has been pin-pointed how politicised practices may open up ritual for the injection of unexpected messages and thereby use it for the renegotiation of power relations and cultural repertoires. The discussion is based on a case study of an intra-caste conflict among Khatiks in Bhopal , India. It spells out the features of a local leadership competition that is tied to a struggle over the re-interpretation of caste in an urban environment and under conditions of rapid modernisation. Examining the significance of this conflict for the ritual process (of the Navratri havan) the article articulates the need for a shift ritual interpretation. Ritual here appears not as a fixed 'script', which when re-enacted serves social cohesion. In contrast to functionalist and structuralist impetrations of ritual, this paper pledges to see ritual as an emergent process that enters into a 'dialogue' with social dynamics and thereby contributes towards cultural change.","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"89 1","pages":"173-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70640255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An overview of the socio-economic and demographic transition among the Santal: a census analysis.","authors":"K B Saha, U Saha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Santals are described as the largest most integrated and possibly the most resilient tribe in eastern India. \"The paper aims at looking into the parameters that set Santals in the process of socio-economic and demographic transformation and subsequently search for, the plausible explanation for the underlying mechanism for such changes.... The paper discusses the growth of their population and finds that Santals are growing below national average with increase in concentration in some of the pockets in Bihar and West Bengal, while it is spreading towards evenness in Orissa. In the absence of 1991 census data on the tribe wise breakdown the analysis has been restricted to the 1961, 1971 and 1981 census returns and availability of the literature on the tribe.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"78 1-2","pages":"87-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22020719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fertility and family planning among Jenu Kuruba and Kadu Kuruba tribes of Karnataka.","authors":"R Mutharayappa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fertility is higher among the Kadu Kuruba tribe than the Jenu Kuruba tribe. Women who married at the age of 12 years have higher fertility than the women who married at the age of 16 years. The differences between two tribes in terms of fertility levels in age group are large. The practice of induced abortions or spontaneous ones are common among them. Most of the women who terminate pregnancy either before or after marriage, use only indigenous medicines. Among the Jenu Kuruba tribe more women are using indigenous medicines for preventing pregnancies, while among the Kadu Kurubas more women are using modern methods of contraceptives. The women who are using indigenous medicines to prevent pregnancies have lower fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"78 1-2","pages":"119-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22020717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Looking at polyandry--a dying or dead social institution in India?","authors":"D Tyagi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"The institution of polyandry has a long history in India. Having its origin in the remote past polyandry flourished through the ages; it witnessed change with the alteration of cultural perspectives, and gradually it started diminishing due to some obvious reasons. Polyandry has its own appeal...owing to which it has been discussed by [a] large number of social scientists from diversified angles. In the present paper the author has put forward a systematic review of the various observations made by the different authorities. Various factors relating to the emergence of polyandry and the related causes have been pin-pointed here. The study highlights that [the] once flourishing social institution [of] polyandry is now in a state of disappearance.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"77 4","pages":"329-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22039796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Level of awareness about AIDS: a comparative study of girls of two senior secondary schools of Chandigarh.","authors":"S Sodhi, S Mehta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"77 2-3","pages":"259-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21992557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fertility in Hill Korwas -- a primitive tribe of Madhya Pradesh.","authors":"G D Pandey, R S Tiwary","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"76 4","pages":"325-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22040719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Divorce in a rural north Indian area: evidence from Himachali villages.","authors":"M Singh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"76 3","pages":"215-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22040702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study of acceptors and non-acceptors of family planning methods among three tribal communities.","authors":"R Mutharayappa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"75 1","pages":"11-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22029596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demographic characteristics of tribal and non-tribal females--comparative study.","authors":"G D Pandey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"This paper aims at finding out the socio-demographic perspective of...tribal and non-tribal females [in India] through a concrete pattern of field survey. The data gathered from 3,428 tribal and 2,447 non-tribal females have been analysed to examine the trends of differences in the status enjoyed by these women belonging to two different communities.\" Consideration is given to differences in literacy, nuptiality, marriage age, age structure, fertility, family planning, and infant mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":74104,"journal":{"name":"Man in India","volume":"74 1","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22038319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}