Livers最新文献 - Book学术

Understanding Macrophage Complexity in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Transitioning from the M1/M2 Paradigm to Spatial Dynamics. 了解代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪肝中巨噬细胞的复杂性：从M1/M2范式过渡到空间动力学。

Livers Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/livers4030033

Forkan Ahamed, Natalie Eppler, Elizabeth Jones, Yuxia Zhang

{"title":"Understanding Macrophage Complexity in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Transitioning from the M1/M2 Paradigm to Spatial Dynamics.","authors":"Forkan Ahamed, Natalie Eppler, Elizabeth Jones, Yuxia Zhang","doi":"10.3390/livers4030033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4030033","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver (MASL) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), with MASH posing a risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The global prevalence of MASLD is estimated at approximately a quarter of the population, with significant healthcare costs and implications for liver transplantation. The pathogenesis of MASLD involves intrahepatic liver cells, extrahepatic components, and immunological aspects, particularly the involvement of macrophages. Hepatic macrophages are a crucial cellular component of the liver and play important roles in liver function, contributing significantly to tissue homeostasis and swift responses during pathophysiological conditions. Recent advancements in technology have revealed the remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity of hepatic macrophage populations and their activation states in MASLD, challenging traditional classification methods like the M1/M2 paradigm and highlighting the coexistence of harmful and beneficial macrophage phenotypes that are dynamically regulated during MASLD progression. This complexity underscores the importance of considering macrophage heterogeneity in therapeutic targeting strategies, including their distinct ontogeny and functional phenotypes. This review provides an overview of macrophage involvement in MASLD progression, combining traditional paradigms with recent insights from single-cell analysis and spatial dynamics. It also addresses unresolved questions and challenges in this area.","PeriodicalId":74083,"journal":{"name":"Livers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11426415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting Autophagy for Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury: An Update. 针对对乙酰氨基酚诱发的肝损伤的自噬作用：最新进展。

Livers Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.3390/livers4030027

Kaitlyn Hinz, Mengwei Niu, Hong-Min Ni, Wen-Xing Ding

引用次数: 0

Lobar and Segmental Atrophy of the Liver: Differential Diagnoses and Treatments 肝叶和肝段萎缩：鉴别诊断和治疗

Livers Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/livers4030023

Federica Ferraina, Alessandro Fogliati, M. Scotti, Fabrizio Romano, M. Garancini, C. Ciulli

{"title":"Lobar and Segmental Atrophy of the Liver: Differential Diagnoses and Treatments","authors":"Federica Ferraina, Alessandro Fogliati, M. Scotti, Fabrizio Romano, M. Garancini, C. Ciulli","doi":"10.3390/livers4030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4030023","url":null,"abstract":"Segmental or lobar liver atrophy is a common but not well-understood clinical condition. Hepatic atrophy can be classified into hepatic atrophy secondary to other pathologies and primary segmental hepatic atrophy, which is a benign intrahepatic lesion (pseudotumor) not associated with any other pathology. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atrophy can be divided into three main situations: obstruction of biliary outflow, obstruction of the systemic venous outflow, and obstruction of incoming portal venous flow. For what may concern secondary hepatic atrophy, there are many pathologies that could underlie this condition, ranging from benign to intrahepatic malignancies, with particular reference to particularly hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary duct carcinoma. An accurate and prompt differential diagnosis between the various forms and causes of atrophy is important for early identification and adequate treatment of underlying pathologies. A comprehensive review of the literature on the etiology and the radiological and histological characteristics of different types of hepatic atrophy is currently unavailable. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the primary and secondary causes of segmental or lobar liver atrophy (excluding forms involving the entire liver parenchyma) and to provide practical tools for clinical and radiological differential diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":74083,"journal":{"name":"Livers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obliterative Portal Venopathy during Estrogen Therapy in a Transgender Woman: A Case Report 一名变性女性在接受雌激素治疗期间出现闭塞性门静脉病变：病例报告

Livers Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/livers4030022

Nathaniel S. Ash, Thomas D. Schiano, J. Safer, M. Fiel, Aren H. Skolnick, Nancy Bach

{"title":"Obliterative Portal Venopathy during Estrogen Therapy in a Transgender Woman: A Case Report","authors":"Nathaniel S. Ash, Thomas D. Schiano, J. Safer, M. Fiel, Aren H. Skolnick, Nancy Bach","doi":"10.3390/livers4030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4030022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As transgender people initiate gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), they are exposed to exogenous sex hormones that have effects that have not yet been fully studied. While exogenous estrogen is associated with a risk of venous thrombosis, the full impact of estrogen on the liver is unknown. Conversely, the erroneous attribution of risks from GAHT presents a barrier to treatment for some patients. We present a case of obliterative portal venopathy (OPV) and possible DILI occurring after the initiation of estrogen in a transgender woman. Case presentation: A 28-year-old transgender woman on GAHT was referred to hepatology for liver enzyme elevations. She did not have any notable comorbid conditions, family history, or psychosocial history. Lab and imaging workup were unremarkable, and the patient underwent liver biopsy. The patient’s biopsy results showed OPV. The patient continued GAHT at a lower dose and liver enzyme elevations resolved. Conclusions: OPV is a vascular disease that falls under the category of porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder. Patients with this condition can present with or without overt clinical signs of portal hypertension. Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder is rare and given the timing and possible dose dependence, it might be reasonable to consider that the observed OPV was influenced by the exogenous estrogen administered in an association not previously reported. Alternatively, the patient’s continued estrogen treatment without ill effect could suggest that the events were not connected and that the fear of harm could have served as a barrier to the patient receiving indicated care.","PeriodicalId":74083,"journal":{"name":"Livers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the Liver’s Role in the Clearance of Aβ40 了解肝脏在清除 Aβ40 中的作用

Livers Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.3390/livers4020018

Glen P. Lockwood, Nicholas J. Hunt, M. Kockx, Sun Woo Sophie Kang, D. L. Le Couteur, V. Cogger

{"title":"Understanding the Liver’s Role in the Clearance of Aβ40","authors":"Glen P. Lockwood, Nicholas J. Hunt, M. Kockx, Sun Woo Sophie Kang, D. L. Le Couteur, V. Cogger","doi":"10.3390/livers4020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4020018","url":null,"abstract":"The clearance of peripheral beta amyloid (Aβ) is a potential target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The liver has been implicated in the elimination of Aβ from the peripheral circulation. Here, the single-pass uptake of Aβ40 in perfused livers from young and old rats (6 to 10 rats per group) was investigated with the multiple indicator dilution technique. Aβ40 had volumes of distribution between those of the vascular marker Evans Blue and the extracellular marker sucrose. The hepatic extraction of Aβ40 was negligible, explained in part by the small permeability surface area products consistent with a high endothelial barrier to liver uptake. There were no substantial effects of age on any of these results. In vitro experiments with isolated hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells showed only very small amounts of Aβ uptake consistent with low intrinsic clearance. These results indicate that the hepatic clearance of Aβ is capacity-limited, explained by the low-permeability surface area products and hepatocyte uptake. However, this does not preclude an effect of aging in longer-term in vivo studies where age-related changes in liver blood flow and protein binding influence liver clearance.","PeriodicalId":74083,"journal":{"name":"Livers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autoimmune Hepatitis Management: Recent Advances and Future Prospects 自身免疫性肝炎管理：最新进展与未来展望

Livers Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3390/livers4020017

Rebeca Sierra, Ana Marenco-Flores, Marwan Alsaqa, R. Barba, Marcela Cuellar-Lobo, Carla Barberan, Leandro Sierra

引用次数: 0

Validation and Comparison of Non-Invasive Tests for the Exclusion of High-Risk Varices in Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease 用于排除慢性肝病晚期患者高风险静脉曲张的非侵入性检验的验证与比较

Livers Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.3390/livers4020014

Rajiv Kurup, E. Kalo, S. Read, Wai-See Ma, Jacob George, G. Ahlenstiel

{"title":"Validation and Comparison of Non-Invasive Tests for the Exclusion of High-Risk Varices in Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease","authors":"Rajiv Kurup, E. Kalo, S. Read, Wai-See Ma, Jacob George, G. Ahlenstiel","doi":"10.3390/livers4020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4020014","url":null,"abstract":"(Non-invasive tests (NITs) are a potential alternative to screening oesophagogastroduodenoscopy OGD) for ruling out high-risk varices (HRVs) in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). This retrospective study aimed to externally validate and compare various NITs in a multi-centre Australian cohort. Patients with cACLD were enrolled between January 2013 and December 2022. Liver stiffness measurements (LSMs), clinicopathological data, and OGD results were collected. A total of 210 patients were included. The median age was 57 years and 65.7% were male. The main aetiology of cACLD was hepatitis C (41.9%), and 91.9% of patients were Child–Pugh A. HRV prevalence was 12.4%. The Baveno VI criteria (B6C) was the only NIT that could safely reduce the need for OGDs across all aetiologies of cACLD, with a negative predictive value of 98.6 and spared OGD in 33.8%. The FIB-4 would have avoided the most OGDs (71%); however, the HRV miss rate was 6%. The results suggest that the B6C is the best performing NIT in our cohort and reliably excludes HRVs in cACLD patients, regardless of aetiology. This study confirms that the Baveno VI criteria can be applied in an Australian, mixed aetiology cohort to avoid unnecessary screening OGD.","PeriodicalId":74083,"journal":{"name":"Livers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serendipity in Medicine-Elevated Immunoglobulin E Levels Associated with Excess Alcohol Consumption 医学中的偶然性--免疫球蛋白 E 水平升高与过量饮酒有关

Livers Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.3390/livers4020012

Stephen D. H. Malnick, Ali Abdullah, Fadi Ghanem, Sheral Ohayon Michael, Manuela G. Neuman

引用次数: 0

Functions and Therapeutic Use of Heat Shock Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma 热休克蛋白在肝细胞癌中的功能和治疗用途

Livers Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/livers4010011

Ramakrushna Paul, Smriti Shreya, Shweta Pandey, Srishti Shriya, Aya Abou Hammoud, Christophe F Grosset, Buddhi Prakash Jain

{"title":"Functions and Therapeutic Use of Heat Shock Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Ramakrushna Paul, Smriti Shreya, Shweta Pandey, Srishti Shriya, Aya Abou Hammoud, Christophe F Grosset, Buddhi Prakash Jain","doi":"10.3390/livers4010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4010011","url":null,"abstract":"Heat shock proteins are intracellular proteins expressed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes that help protect the cell from stress. They play an important role in regulating cell cycle and cell death, work as molecular chaperons during the folding of newly synthesized proteins, and also in the degradation of misfolded proteins. They are not only produced under stress conditions like acidosis, energy depletion, and oxidative stress but are also continuously synthesized as a result of their housekeeping functions. There are different heat shock protein families based on their molecular weight, like HSP70, HSP90, HSP60, HSP27, HSP40, etc. Heat shock proteins are involved in many cancers, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma, the main primary tumor of the liver in adults. Their deregulations in hepatocellular carcinoma are associated with metastasis, angiogenesis, cell invasion, and cell proliferation and upregulated heat shock proteins can be used as either diagnostic or prognostic markers. Targeting heat shock proteins is a relevant strategy for the treatment of patients with liver cancer. In this review, we provide insights into heat shock proteins and heat shock protein-like proteins (clusterin) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and their use as therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":74083,"journal":{"name":"Livers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Translocation of Adenosine A2B Receptor to Mitochondria Influences Cytochrome P450 2E1 Activity after Acetaminophen Overdose. 对乙酰氨基酚过量后，腺苷 A2B 受体向线粒体的转移会影响细胞色素 P450 2E1 的活性。

Livers Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.3390/livers4010002

Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero, David S Umbaugh, Abhay A Ramachandran, Antonio Artigues, Hartmut Jaeschke, Anup Ramachandran

{"title":"Translocation of Adenosine A2B Receptor to Mitochondria Influences Cytochrome P450 2E1 Activity after Acetaminophen Overdose.","authors":"Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero, David S Umbaugh, Abhay A Ramachandran, Antonio Artigues, Hartmut Jaeschke, Anup Ramachandran","doi":"10.3390/livers4010002","DOIUrl":"10.3390/livers4010002","url":null,"abstract":"The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is a member of a family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which has a low affinity for adenosine and is now implicated in several pathophysiological conditions. We have demonstrated the beneficial effects of A2BAR activation in enhancing recovery after acute liver injury induced by an acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. While receptor trafficking within the cell is recognized to play a role in GPCR signaling, its role in the mediation of A2BAR effects in the context of APAP-induced liver injury is not well understood. This was investigated here, where C57BL/6J mice were subjected to an APAP overdose (300 mg/kg), and the temporal course of A2BAR intracellular localization was examined. The impact of A2BAR activation or inhibition on trafficking was examined by utilizing the A2BAR agonist BAY 60-6583 or antagonist PSB 603. The modulation of A2BAR trafficking via APAP-induced cell signaling was explored by using 4-methylpyrazole (4MP), an inhibitor of Cyp2E1 and JNK activation. Our results indicate that APAP overdose induced the translocation of A2BAR to mitochondria, which was prevented via 4MP treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that A2BAR is localized on the mitochondrial outer membrane and interacts with progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1). While the activation of A2BAR enhanced mitochondrial localization, its inhibition decreased PGRMC1 mitochondria levels and blunted mitochondrial Cyp2E1 activity. Thus, our data reveal a hitherto unrecognized consequence of A2BAR trafficking to mitochondria and its interaction with PGRMC1, which regulates mitochondrial Cyp2E1 activity and modulates APAP-induced liver injury.","PeriodicalId":74083,"journal":{"name":"Livers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11245301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0