Journal of the West African College of Surgeons最新文献

{"title":"Educational Intervention Can Improve the Pilot Balloon Palpation Method of Tracheal Tube Cuff Pressure Monitoring: An Experimental Study.","authors":"Arinze Duke George Nwosu, Edmund Ndudi Ossai, Chijioke Ejezie, Odichimma Callista Obodo","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_162_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_162_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considerable morbidity is attributable to inappropriate tracheal cuff pressure. An earlier study undertaken in our hospital revealed that a normal cuff pressure of 20-30 cm H₂O was achieved in only 6% of intubated patients using subjective estimation methods.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether a training intervention could improve the accuracy of the subjective estimation method in our tracheal cuff monitoring.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 1-day training session was conducted in April 2022 for our anaesthesia providers. The cuffs of different sizes of endotracheal tubes were inflated to 25 cm H₂O, and each staff was requested to feel the turgor of the pilot balloon. Subsequently, anaesthesia providers used pilot balloon palpation for the regulation of the tracheal cuff pressure in consecutive patients undergoing general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. During each intubation, a manometer was used to crosscheck the inflated cuff pressure objectively. The incidence of post-operative sore throat was also evaluated. The obtained outcomes were compared with pre-intervention data obtained from an earlier study conducted in the health facility from October 2020 to September 2021. Significant differences were considered when <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean tracheal cuff pressure was improved post-intervention (49.2 ± 24.1 cm H₂O versus 77.1 ± 31.1 cm H₂O; <i>P</i> < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of tracheal cuffs (20%; 31/156) were inflated within the normal range compared to 6% (9/141) prior to the intervention (<i>P</i> = 0.003). Fewer patients developed post-operative sore throat following the educational intervention (32.8%; 41/125) versus pre-intervention (47.7%; 53/111; <i>P</i> = 0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The educational intervention improved the safety of tracheal cuff management, which could positively impact airway management, especially in poor resource settings without cuff manometers.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Local Flaps in the Reconstruction of Extensive Anterolateral Noma Defect: A Case Report.","authors":"Mohammed Adam Sheikh Abdullahi, Ahmed Mohammed Alhaji, Kefas Mari Mbaya, Mujtaba Bala, Chubado Tahir","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_182_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_182_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scarring stage of noma disease often presents with composite tissue loss involving hard and soft tissues with resultant fibrosis making reconstruction a challenge. Microvascular reconstruction option is associated with good outcomes when the expertise is available. Trismus, which is caused by either soft tissue fibrosis or the union of the coronoid to the zygomatic complex, is also a common presentation. Effective treatment necessitates the involvement of a diverse team of specialists and the establishment of clear treatment objectives. This report presents a case of an extensive composite noma defect with trismus in a 9-year-old female managed using local flaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"106-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Series with Review of the Literature.","authors":"Anshima Singh, Ram Nawal Rao","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_185_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_185_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) was included as a separate entity in the World Health Organisation classification of renal tumours in 2016. Immuno-histopathological and genetic characteristics are much known, but still, clinical features and long-term follow-up require more consolidated data. We report three cases of CCPRCC, detected in different clinical settings. The first case was co-incidentally diagnosed on routine imaging, in a follow-up case of open cystolithotripsy. The second case presented with haematuria under evaluation; and the third case presented with mild thrombocytopenia without anaemia or a positive Coombs test. All the cases revealed characteristic histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. None of the patients showed tumour recurrence/metastases on follow-up. The study holds importance as it presents CCPRCC cases in different clinical scenarios, describes a rarely reported case of thrombocytopenia without associated anaemia/positive Coombs test, and emphasises the need to consider CCPRCC in relevant clinico-radiological settings and immuno-histopathological features, due to its indolent nature and consequently better prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"114-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Femur Replacement as a Salvage Procedure for Failed Distal Femur Megaprosthesis: A Case Report and Literature Reviews.","authors":"Michael Ebiyon Ugbeye, Kehinde Adesola Alatishe, Wakeel Olaide Lawal","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_244_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_244_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Total femoral replacement (TFR) is not a common surgery and most indications are for oncological pathologies. However, there are few instances where non-oncological indications might necessitate TFR; this may be a salvage surgery for failed previous hip and/or knee surgeries with consequent significant femur bone loss. We present a 59-year-old obese woman with right thigh pain and difficulty with walking of 5 years duration. She had undergone bilateral total knee replacement 10 years earlier on account of severe knee osteoarthritis. She had a fall 3 years prior to presentation and sustained a periprosthetic fracture around the right knee which was managed with a fixed angle blade plate and screws. This was complicated by implant breakage and non-union. She subsequently had implant removal and a right distal femur replacement (DFR) surgery 2 years prior to presentation. A year after the DFR surgery, she began to experience \"start-up\" pain, instability around the knee and difficulty with walking without support. A clinical and radiologic diagnosis of aseptic loosening of the distal femur megaprosthesis was made and she was offered a revision DFR surgery which also failed due to poor cementing technique, bone loss at the proximal femur, and severe osteoporosis. Patient ended up with a right total femur replacement to salvage the limb. She had improved Lower Extremity Functional Score of 27 after 12-month follow-up. TFR is a viable salvage procedure for severely compromised femur and/or significant bone loss from multiple non-oncological surgeries of the femur.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Finding and Management of Childhood Cataracts: The Role of a Child Eye Health Programme in Kaduna State, Nigeria.","authors":"AbdulRahman Aminatu, Buchan John, Ibrahim Nazaradden, Isiyaku Sunday, Bowman Richard, Hassan Amina, Alhassan Mahmoud, Catey Bunce","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_306_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_306_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the output of a child eye health programme in terms of identification, referral, and volume of paediatric cataract surgeries in Kaduna State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective review of the North-West Nigeria Child Eye Health Initiative programme referral registers at primary, secondary and tertiary hospitals in Kaduna State. Theatre registers of children 0-16 years who had cataract surgery at National Eye Centre Kaduna between 2016 and 2019 were also reviewed. Information on numbers of children, age, sex, laterality of cataract and programme status were summarised as frequencies, percentages and mean ± standard deviation. The initial 2 years of the programme (2018-2019) were compared with the 2 years (2016-2017) preceding them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between January 2018 and December 2019; primary health workers screened 41,552 children and referred 2,316 (5.6%). Of those referred 1772 (76.5%) presented at one of three zonal secondary hospitals where nurses identified 492 (27.8%) with leukocoria using torchlights and referred them to the tertiary hospital. At the tertiary hospital, 364 (74.0% of 492) attended and 262 (72.0% of 364) were confirmed to have operable cataracts after dilated slit lamp examination by ophthalmologists. Between 2016 and 2017 (pre-programme years), 201 children had cataract surgery compared to 352 in 2018 and 2019 (programme years) of whom 239 (67.9% of 352) were beneficiaries of the programme. The proportion of girls who had cataract surgery declined from 39.8% to 35.0%, while mean age increased from 5.7 ± 4.2 years to 7.5 ± 4.1 over 4 years. More children with unilateral cataracts (214 [60.8%]) presented during the programme years (Fishers exact test, <i>P</i> = 0.004), whereas unilateral cataract (207 [60.2%]) was significantly more common in males than females (Fisher's exact <i>P</i> = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The programme has resulted in improved case detection of childhood leukocoria at primary eye care level. additionally, the eye health referral system in Kaduna State has been strengthened with increasing numbers of children accessing services: majority boys, older children, and unilateral cataracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes of Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Prospective Comparative Study of Children and Adults in Sokoto.","authors":"Mustapha Adeyinka Alasi, Nazish Perveen Aqyil, Akeem Oyeleke, Mohammed Yahaya, Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju Taiwo, Jacob Ndas Legbo","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_183_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_183_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe soft tissue infection typified by swiftly spreading necrosis of the fascia and subcutaneous fat with successive necrosis of the skin which affects all age groups.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of NF between children and adults.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective descriptive study of all patients presenting with NF to the (Usmanu Danfodiyo Univrersity Teaching Hospital, Sokoto), from September 2018 to August 2019. Participants were stratified into adults and children for comparison during data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 32 patients were analyzed, 24 (75.0%) were adults. The age range was 2 weeks to 75 years with a median age of 35 years. Necrotic skin patches and skin erythema were the most common cutaneous findings. The lower limb was the most commonly affected region in adults (58.3%), whereas the head and neck and abdominal wall were equally commonly involved in children (37.5%). Children had more multiple isolates than adults, 87.5% compared to 62.5%, respectively, and it was significant (<i>P</i> value 0.04). <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> species were both significantly commoner in isolates of children than adults (<i>P</i> value 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). The method of wound coverage was significantly different (<i>P</i> value 0.003) as fewer children required skin grafting. The mortality rate was 6.25%, the two deaths occurred in adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NF is commoner in adults in our region. The predilection sites of the disease in the two groups differ and healing by secondary intention was more possible in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis and Helminthiasis. A Case-Based Review.","authors":"Chizowa O Ezeaku, Gabriel O Ejembi, Simon A Balogun, Christopher O Anele, Temitope O Ajekwu, Edward O Komolafe","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_179_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_179_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon and underreported neurological condition. This condition has varied aetiologies, clinical manifestations, and significant sequelae if left untreated. We report the case of a 10-year-old male with fever, altered sensorium, cranial nerve neuropathies, and left hemiplegia. His imaging findings revealed features consistent with CVST, and he was subsequently noticed to be passing live worms per rectum while on admission. He was managed nonoperatively, improved significantly, and was discharged with residual motor deficits. In addition, we present a literature review of published case reports of CVST associated with helminthiasis, highlighting its possible pathophysiology, clinical spectrum, and management peculiarities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injury Severity in Motorcycle and Car Accident Victims Treated at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.","authors":"Mabel Banson, Mawuli K Ametefe, Kwadwo Darko, Jonathan C B Dakubo, Mutawakilu Iddrisu, Thomas Dakurah","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_188_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_188_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the common causes of long-term disabilities, with about 10 million deaths annually.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our aim is to compare the severity and outcomes of TBI between motorcycle and car accident victims.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study focusing on TBI patients. Data were collected from patients on admission at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). Road traffic accident patients attending KBTH were recruited consecutively. Data collected included demographics, injury severity score (ISS), Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Marshall's computed tomography (CT) grading, and Glasgow outcome scale-extended. We employed descriptive summaries for all variables. Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in comparing severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 164 individuals were enrolled, with males comprising (73.8%) and a study average age of 33.2 years. Accidents involved cars and motorcycles almost equally. The GCS revealed 43.9% of injuries to be mild, and ISS indicated severe injuries in 49.4% of cases. CT showed grade 2 injuries per Marshall's classification and no significant differences in injury patterns. Nonsurgical treatment predominated, and a higher proportion of motorcycle cases required surgery. There were no significant differences in mortality or disability. The average hospital stay was 11.26 days, with 57.9% of deaths occurring within 72 h. Car accident survivors and pedestrians experienced longer days to mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Across groups, the severity of TBIs showed a substantial proportion of participants with severe injuries, although no significant differences were observed between groups. The findings highlight the need for preventive measures and trauma care strategies to mitigate the impact of TBIs, particularly among high-risk demographics and road user categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-neural Ewing Sarcoma of the Radial Nerve Presenting as Wrist.","authors":"Prakash Chandra Kala, Aniket Dave, Deepti Katrolia, Suvinay Saxena, Dharma Ram Poonia","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_178_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_178_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intra-neural Ewing sarcoma is an extremely rare tumour and only a few isolated case reports exist in the literature. A 32-year-old South Asian male presented with wrist and finger drops of 3 months duration. Further evaluation with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumour of the radial nerve in the arm. A wide excision of the tumour was performed, and the radial nerve was reconstructed with cabled nerve grafts. A diagnosis of extra-osseous Ewing sarcoma (EES) was made after histopathological evaluation using immunohistochemistry techniques. The patient subsequently received chemotherapy and after 5 months, he is disease-free and pain-free. However, there has been no motor recovery yet. Clinical findings and imaging can help and characterise the tumour, but histopathology and analysis for <i>EWSR1</i> gene rearrangement are essential to confirm the diagnosis. Wide surgical excision and chemotherapy are the mainstay of managing neural EES.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"92-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular and Adnexal Diseases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women Attending HIV Clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria.","authors":"Olorunyomi Toyin Olayiwola, Tunji Sunday Oluleye, Olutosin Alaba Awolude, Alaruru Olusoji Adeyanju","doi":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_284_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jwas.jwas_284_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus. It is transmitted through sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drugs, contaminated needle use, blood transfusion, and mother-to-child transmission. Of the patients with HIV, 50%-75% have ocular manifestations and this may be the primary presentation. This study was carried out in two prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)/HIV clinics. The aim was to determine the incidence, patterns of presentation, and determinants of ocular and adnexal diseases in HIV-positive pregnant women attending HIV clinics to develop an eye care protocol for them.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was a cross-sectional study of HIV-positive pregnant women attending the PMTCT/HIV Clinics at University College Hospital and Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were taken for CD4+ count and viral load. The stage of the disease, type of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the interval between HIV diagnosis and commencement of ART were recorded. Comprehensive ocular examination, which included visual acuity check unaided and with pinhole, lid, anterior segment examination with slit lamp and posterior segment examination with dilated binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, was conducted. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 153 pregnant women aged 23-42 years (mean, 33.5; standard deviation, ±5.6) were recruited. One hundred and fifteen (75.2%) of them were married in a monogamous setting. Multiple sexual partners (48.4%; <i>n</i> = 74-some women married in monogamous settings at the time of recruitment for this study had multiple sexual partners in the past) and the use of unsterilised objects (46.4%; <i>n</i> = 71) were major high-risk behaviours. Ocular and adnexal diseases were found in 81 (53%) participants. HIV-related ocular and adnexal diseases were found in 16 (10%) participants. Of the 16 HIV-related diseases, optic atrophy was found in seven (43.8%), presumed toxoplasmosis in three (18.7%), presumed cytomegalovirus retinitis in three (18.7%) lid warts in two (12.5%), and conjunctival microangiopathy in one (6.3%) participant. The association between HIV- related ocular and adnexal diseases and gestational age, CD4+ count, viral load and type of ART was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The few HIV-related findings in this study could be a result of the improved CD+ count/low viral load of most of the recruited participants. Ensuring that patients attending PMTCT/HIV clinic have at least one ocular examination during pregnancy by collaborating with eyecare professionals could ensure prompt detection and treatment of eye diseases, to improve the quality of life of HIV-positive pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":73993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}