Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association最新文献

{"title":"Georgia’s Critical Access Hospitals: Financial Performance and Process Improvement","authors":"William Mase, Bettye A Apenteng, Lisa Carhuff, M. Hanna, K. Boakye, L. Kimsey, Samuel T. Opoku, Charles F. Owens, S. Tedders, Patricia Whaley","doi":"10.21633/JGPHA.7.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/JGPHA.7.127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Georgia’s Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) are in crisis. Within the last 2 years, four CAHs have closed their doors due to failed financial and operational performance. Evidence points to the risk that several more are on the brink of closure. CAH closures have far-reaching impact on residents. Negative impacts include the extra distance that patients must travel to seek care, the displacement of health professionals and the unravelling of the entire fabric of the communities these hospitals serve. We hope to help participants understand the financial and operational challenges of CAHs, and to identify realistic strategies to enhance the resilience of these hospitals.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"7 1","pages":"69-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67772589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental College of Georgia teams up with Richmond County Health Department to help underserved patients","authors":"L. Wilson, M. Peacock, C. Cutler, Jamie De Stefano","doi":"10.21633/jgpha.6.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/jgpha.6.309","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Central Savannah River Area remains, for many of the poor, a dental health care shortage area. Each year, from December to March, fourth-year dental students perform outreach with faculty to search the community for unmet dental needs, including dental caries and periodontal disease, the treatment of which is required for the Central Regional Dental Testing Service (CRDTS) Exam, the dental licensing examination. Methods: Fourth year students at the Augusta University Dental College of Georgia recruit patients for free dental pre-screenings at health fairs, community centers, the Barnyard Flea Market, and the dental school. Persons with periodontitis are invited for further screenings at the dental school where they receive a free dental examination and dental radiographs. Many of these patients present with other dental needs requiring restorations, root canals, and extractions, conditions that potentially could disqualify them from receiving periodontal therapy during CRDTS. Through a collaborative effort with the Richmond County Health Department Dental Clinic, these patients receive the treatment for their acute dental needs, while also qualifying them for the periodontics portion of the exam. Results: Regardless of their qualification status for boards, the program provides referrals for patients to the Dental College of Georgia or the Richmond County Health Department, gives patients a chance to be informed about their oral health status, and gives qualifying patients the potential to receive discounted or even free dental work. The efforts of the senior dental students represent an oral public health service effective in achieving improvements in periodontal outcomes within our community. Conclusions: This program not only benefits the future dentists of Georgia by helping provide licensing board requirements, it also introduces dental students to a more diverse population and provides exposure to public health outreach. In addition, this program offers a valuable service to underserved populations who would otherwise have limited or no access to dental care.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67771494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomness and inference in medical and public health research","authors":"Matthew J. Hayat, T. R. Knapp","doi":"10.21633/jgpha.7.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/jgpha.7.102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for describing the types of randomness used and statistical inferences reported in the medical and public health research literature. Methods: A study was conducted to quantify the types of research designs and analyses used and reported in medical and public health research studies. A stratified random sample of 198 articles from three top-tier medical and public health journals was reviewed, and the presence or absence of random assignment, random sampling, p-values, and confidence intervals, as well as type of research design, were quantified. Results: Random sampling was used in 58 (29.3%) and random assignment in 21 (10.6%) articles. Most (n=125; 63.1%) research studies did not report random assignment or random sampling; however, statistical inference was applied in more than 90%. Conclusions: Results revealed a concerning overuse of statistical inference. Incorrectly applying statistical inference when not warranted has potentially damaging medical and public health consequences. Researchers should carefully consider the appropriateness of using statistical inference in medical and public health research.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67771641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physician Attitudes Toward the Ethics of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Cost, Safety, and Resource Allocation","authors":"J. Grippo, S. Smallwood, Katherine Pincura, T. Wright, William Mase","doi":"10.21633/JGPHA.7.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/JGPHA.7.104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the United States, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a substantial public health issue. There is evidence that the use of antiretroviral medications such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can be a safe and effective primary prevention strategy to reduce new cases of HIV infection. Provider practice behavior as it relates to prescribing PrEP and the potential impact on specific vulnerable populations needs increased attention. Few studies have evaluated the attitudes of physicians towards ethical issues related to prescribing PrEP. Methods: The purpose of the present literature review was to evaluate provider attitudes toward the ethics of prescribing PrEP for individuals at risk of acquiring HIV infection. Searches of the PubMed and Cochrane databases were conducted. Three reviewers independently assessed the relevance of articles and discarded those not directly related to the attitudes of physicians toward ethics of the cost, safety, and resource allocation of PrEP. A total of twenty-one articles were included in the review. Results: Provider attitudes and perceptions focused on three areas: resource allocation, cost, and safety or effectiveness of PrEP. Providers who were hesitant in prescribing PrEP were concerned with the availability of resources, patient adherence, risk of drug resistance, and toxicity. In the studies reviewed, few providers had prescribed PrEP; however, prescribing practices trended upward with time and awareness. Conclusions: Realization of the benefits of PrEP will require a utilitarian ethical approach to identifying the populations that will benefit most, monitoring for adverse effects, addressing costs, and educating and training providers to prescribe PrEP responsibly. Ensuring that PrEP fulfills its potential as part of a combination regimen for HIV prevention requires identification of additional evidence, education, support services, and resources that are needed, as well as the regulatory framework and cost scenarios for access to PrEP.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"7 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67771690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mock Me! A Guide to Developing a First rate Training tool on a Second rate Budget","authors":"G. Baxter","doi":"10.21633/jgpha.7.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/jgpha.7.121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"7 1","pages":"63-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67771775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injection drug use and hepatitis C: Interventions in behavioral health settings","authors":"M. Sutton","doi":"10.21633/JGPHA.7.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/JGPHA.7.124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"51 1","pages":"66-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67771833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Trial to Increase the Identification, Genetic Counseling Referral and Genetic Testing of Women at risk for Hereditary Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer","authors":"Ceceilia Bellcross, Christine Stanislaw, April Hermstad, Christine Tallo, C. Leonard","doi":"10.21633/jgpha.7.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/jgpha.7.125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"7 1","pages":"67-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67772475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the Chains: A Public Health Approach to Modern day Slavery","authors":"Rachael Nosin","doi":"10.21633/jgpha.7.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/jgpha.7.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"7 1","pages":"71-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67772661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community engagement to address socio-ecological barriers to physical activity among African American breast cancer survivors.","authors":"Selina A Smith,&nbsp;Mary S Whitehead,&nbsp;Joyce Q Sheats,&nbsp;Brittney Chubb,&nbsp;Ernest Alema-Mensah,&nbsp;Benjamin E Ansa","doi":"10.21633/jgpha.6.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/jgpha.6.312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With high rates of obesity, low levels of physical activity (PA), and lack of adherence to physical activity guidelines (PAGs) among African American (AA) breast cancer survivors (BCSs), culturally appropriate interventions that address barriers to participation in PA are needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To develop intervention content, members of an AA breast cancer support group participated in four 1-hour focus group discussions (related to the barriers to PA, strategies for overcoming them, and intervention content), which were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The support group collaborated with researchers to construct the Physical Activity Intervention Developed (PAID) to Prevent Breast Cancer, a multi-component (educational sessions; support group discussions; and structured, moderately intensive walking, strength training, and yoga), facilitated, 24-week program focused on reducing multi-level barriers to PA that promote benefits ('pay off') of meeting PAGs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community engagement fostered trust, promoted mutuality, built collaboration, and expanded capacity of AA BCSs to participate in developing an intervention addressing individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community barriers to PA.</p>","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"6 3","pages":"393-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5517091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35192707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicaid Savings Continue in the year After end of Participation in the Program, Money Follows the Person","authors":"Glenn M Landers, Kristi Fuller, Mei Zhou","doi":"10.21633/jgpha.7.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21633/jgpha.7.107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this analysis was to compare Georgia’s Medicaid expenditures for participants in the Money Follows the Person (MFP) six months before, 12 months during, and 12 months after MFP participation. Methods: Differences in Medicaid expenditures for three populations of MFP participants (individuals with developmental disabilities, individuals with physical disabilities, and older adults) were compared by use of repeated measures t-tests. Results: Per-member per-month Medicaid expenditures were lower across the three populations when comparing six months prior to transition from an institution to 12 months after leaving the MFP program. Conclusions: The incorporation of features from programs such as MFP into existing state Medicaid long-term services and supports may assist in reducing the growth of future expenditures.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"7 1","pages":"42-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67771852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}