{"title":"Viscoelastic and Mechanical Properties of Repair Epoxy Mortar from Modified Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Waste","authors":"Chor. Wayakron Phetphaisit, Wanwisa Singthong, Saranagon Hemavibool, Polphat Ruamcharoen","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X23701183","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X23701183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The idea of sustainable and circular utilization of difficult to decompose plastics is pursued to add value to other products. New epoxy mortars suitable for construction repair made from epoxy oligomer, amine and modified PET waste hardeners mixed with sand were prepared. Three types of carboxyl terminated PET (CTPET) were used as co-hardeners, along with an amine, to prepare new combination linkage epoxy mortars. Investigation of the viscoelastic properties revealed that the CTPETs influenced the storage modulus at glassy state and the rubbery plateau, indicative of interfacial adhesion between the epoxy matrix and sand aggregates. Additionally, the damping behavior and glassy temperature were increased with the addition of CTPET. Moreover, the combination linkage of ester groups from the CTPET likely contribute to the enhancement of compressive strength and flexural strength in the epoxy mortar. The results of absorption and flexural change after immersion in solution, as well as the interfacial flexural bonding strength with ordinary cement-based material were also investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 5","pages":"568 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Gosteva, O. V. Okatova, I. I. Gavrilova, E. F. Panarin, G. M. Pavlov
{"title":"Homology Violation in a Series of Amphiphilic Comb-Like Statistical Copolymers of N-Methyl-N-vinylacetamide and N-Methyl-N-vinylamine with Moderate Density of Grafting of Side Dodecyl Groups","authors":"A. A. Gosteva, O. V. Okatova, I. I. Gavrilova, E. F. Panarin, G. M. Pavlov","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X2370116X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X2370116X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of water-soluble comb-like copolymers of <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-vinylacetamide and <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-vinylamine (MVAA‒<i>со</i>‒MVA) bearing hydrophobic dodecyl side groups С<sub>12</sub>Н<sub>25</sub> has been investigated by means of molecular hydrodynamics (viscometry, translational diffusion, and analytical ultracentrifugation) in dilute solutions in 0.1 M NaCl, under conditions of suppression of the polyelectrolyte effects. The issues of homology of these amphiphilic copolymers have been considered. The viscometry data plotted as lnη<sub><i>r</i></sub> as function of <i>c</i>[η] have allowed to distinguish between macromolecules of the copolymers according to their hydrophobicity. Positive values of the second derivative <i>B</i><sub>2</sub> determined from the initial parts of these curves have served as a measure of hydrophobicity of the amphiphilic copolymers. The noticeable differences in the <i>B</i><sub>2</sub> values for different copolymers have shown that they do not form true homologous series. For the quasi-homologous series of the MVAA–<i>со</i>–MVAC<sub>12</sub>H<sub>25</sub>·HI copolymers with close values of <i>B</i><sub>2</sub>, the Kuhn–Mark–Houwink–Sakurada relationships have been obtained and the equilibrium rigidity of the chains has been assessed using the modified Gray–Bloomfield–Hearst equation.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 5","pages":"478 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asad Ur Rehman, Amir Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Waqas Iqbal, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Ali
{"title":"Transition Metal Dichalcogenides, Conducting Polymers, and Their Nanocomposites as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials","authors":"Asad Ur Rehman, Amir Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Waqas Iqbal, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X23701146","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X23701146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Different materials are being tested to get high energy and power density to develop highly efficient energy storage devices to bridge the gap between the battery and capacitor. In this regard, supercapacitors have become a potential solution due to their remarkable electrochemical capabilities, wide working-temperature range, cost-effectiveness, safety, and better cyclic stability. This review provides a concise overview of the structural characteristics, surface chemistry, synthesis methods, and potential applications in energy storage of conducting polymers (CPs) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in the context of supercapacitors. Additionally, this paper provides a detailed discussion of various synthesis methodologies that are suitable for the design of composite-based energy storage devices using CPs/TMDs. Moreover, the primary focus of this review elucidated the utilization of CPs/TMDs composite as an electrode in devices, providing a comprehensive understanding of the charge storage mechanisms, stability, and compatibility with electrolyte solutions. In conclusion, it is of utmost significance to note that the future outlook presents a comprehensive perspective and novel pathway for future research endeavors aimed at utilizing this group of materials in the field of energy storage applications. The composite of conducting polymers (CPs) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is highly advantageous for energy applications due to its exceptional characteristics, including fast charge and discharge rates, high power density, and extended lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 5","pages":"447 - 471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pham Thi Hong Nga, Ly Huynh Thien Phuc, Lu Dinh Hoang Ngan, Tran Dinh Triem, Tran Minh The Uyen, Nguyen Van Thuc, Nguyen Thanh Tan, Hoang Van Huong, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Huynh Hoang Trung, Nguyen Khac Nhan, Nguyen Vinh Tien
{"title":"Effect of Glass Fiber on the Tensile Strength of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Polyamide 6 Blends","authors":"Pham Thi Hong Nga, Ly Huynh Thien Phuc, Lu Dinh Hoang Ngan, Tran Dinh Triem, Tran Minh The Uyen, Nguyen Van Thuc, Nguyen Thanh Tan, Hoang Van Huong, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Huynh Hoang Trung, Nguyen Khac Nhan, Nguyen Vinh Tien","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X23701158","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X23701158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study analyzed and evaluated the mechanical properties of the Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/Polyamide 6 (PA6) mixture and the effect of glass fiber (GF) when mixed with PBT/PA6 mixture. Some potential applications are recycling PBT and PA6 into insulation or fire-retardant materials by mixing with an appropriate amount of fiberglass (GF). PBT/PA6/GF mixtures are prepared by injection molding method with 0, 3, and 6% GF in each PBT/PA6 mixture in 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25 respectively. After the injection molding, the samples are tested for tensile strength according to ASTM D638. The average tensile strength of PBT/PA6 at 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100% PBT is 48.58, 42.52, 34.91, and 52.21 MPa. It shows that the tensile strength of the PBT/PA6 mixture decreases as the PBT content increases. The average elongation of the samples had a considerable deviation, with 25%PBT/75%PA6 reaching the maximum value of 37.92% and the 75%PBT/25%PA6 sample getting a nominal value of 0.94%. Besides, when mixing GF fiberglass into a PBT/PA6 blend with a 0 and 3% GF ratio, the tensile strength changes and decreases instability. But at 6% GF, there is a clear improvement as tensile strength gradually increases at all PBT/PA6 ratios. Therefore, to obtain an excellent tensile strength value, the GF content in the mixture should be more significant than 6% by weight of the blend. The elongation of PBT/PA6/GF samples is stable when the highest deviation is slight between the ratios. This research aims to serve as a reference for developing a method of mixing materials to produce the desired mechanical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 5","pages":"543 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136133986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. O. Shestakova, N. N. San’kova, E. V. Parkhomchuk
{"title":"Conductometric and Potentiometric Titration of Carboxyl Groups in Polymer Microspheres","authors":"D. O. Shestakova, N. N. San’kova, E. V. Parkhomchuk","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X23701134","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X23701134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A laboratory procedure has been suggested for determining the concentration of carboxyl groups at the surface of polystyrene microspheres at the latex concentration of a few hundredths of weight percentage (the COOH groups concentration below 4 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mol/L). The procedure is based on conductometric and potentiometric titration. The influence of polymer particles concentration in the system, ionic strength of the solution, titration duration, and the system inertness on the obtained values of the carboxyl groups concentration and the determination accuracy have been investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 5","pages":"580 - 592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. V. Shadrinov, A. R. Khaldeeva, A. L. Fedorov, M. N. Kondakov, M. D. Sokolova
{"title":"Effect of Vulcanization System on the Structure and Properties of Polymer-Elastomer Composite Materials","authors":"N. V. Shadrinov, A. R. Khaldeeva, A. L. Fedorov, M. N. Kondakov, M. D. Sokolova","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X23701122","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X23701122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of vulcanization system on the properties of polymer-elastomer composite materials based on nitrile-butadiene rubber and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is studied. An analysis of the rheometric and vulcanization characteristics of rubber compounds shows that, in the case of combined sulfur-peroxide vulcanization system, the crosslinking density of vulcanizates increases considerably. The study of the elastic and strength behavior and dynamic mechanical properties of the vulcanizates demonstrates that the sulfur-peroxide vulcanization system provides the best parameters, in particular at low temperatures. An examination of elastic and hysteresis properties of the samples before and after vulcanization, which are measured under dynamic loading in a wide frequency and strain range, allows one to describe the features of physicochemical interactions in polymer-elastomer materials depending on the used vulcanization system. The supramolecular structure of the vulcanizates is visualized by scanning electron microscopy, and chemical interaction between macromolecules of nitrile-butadiene rubber and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene occurring during peroxide vulcanization is proved by IR spectroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 5","pages":"533 - 542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Kechek’yan, S. L. Bazhenov, K. Z. Monakhova, T. S. Kurkin
{"title":"Influence of Deformation of Metal Matrix on the Mechanical Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Inside It","authors":"A. S. Kechek’yan, S. L. Bazhenov, K. Z. Monakhova, T. S. Kurkin","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X23701109","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X23701109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of different types of deformation of the metal matrix on mechanical behavior of the amorphous PET film upon its transverse compression in the ductile metal matrix has been investigated. Three deformation modes have been probed. In the first case, a disc-shaped polymer specimen has been put between two 5 mm thick discs of the lead–tin alloy and squeezed in the press. In the second and the third cases, planar elongation has been performed in the so called “dead channel”, i.e., the channel with fixed side walls, the film being elongated due to decrease in the width or thickness, respectively. The plots of true yield stress at different draw ratios have formed a common master curve. At high total draw ratio Λ, the true yield stresses have been close for the considered three types of drawing in the metal. At the draw ratio Λ > 2.6, the neck has not appeared, and the specimen has been deformed uniformly. When the film in the channel is elongated due to the decrease in thickness at constant width, the specimen width has been mainly decreased during subsequent elongation in the testing machine. When the film in the channel is elongated due to the decrease in width at constant thickness, further elongation has mainly led to the decrease in the specimen thickness. The true stress Σ has been expressed as Σ = Σ<sub>0</sub> + <i>K</i>Λ<sup>3</sup>, with <i>K</i> being a constant. Deformation of the polymer in the channel occurred with the formation of shear bands<i>.</i> At the preliminary draw ratio Λ = 1.82, the bands have been oriented at the angle 21.5° with respect to the stretching axis. The planar elongation has led to abnormally strong deformation softening of the polymer. The drawing has been accompanied by an increase in the elasticity modulus of the polymer. The obtained results have suggested that the macromolecules orientation is the main reason for strain hardening of the polymer.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 4","pages":"337 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134797932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. M. Palaznik, P. M. Nedorezova, V. G. Krasheninnikov
{"title":"Effect of Oxidation Temperature on the Crystalline Phase of Polypropylene in Composites with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"O. M. Palaznik, P. M. Nedorezova, V. G. Krasheninnikov","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X23701110","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X23701110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of thermal oxidation on the crystalline phase of polypropylene in composites with single-walled carbon nanotubes has been studied. The composites are synthesized in propylene bulk using a homogeneous catalytic system <i>rac</i>-Me<sub>2</sub>Si(2-Me-4PhInd)<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub>, activated by methylaluminoxane. The effect of thermal oxidation on thermophysical characteristics (the heat of melting and the melting temperature) measured by DSC and changes occurring in the polymer investigated by IR spectroscopy is studied. Changes in the structure of PP during thermo-oxidative degradation are studied by DSC at 140 and 170°С, that is, before and after melting of the samples. It is shown that the oxidized PP in the composites possesses a higher degree of crystallinity and a more perfect structure than the pure PP. At 170°С the effect of thermo-oxidative stabilization is observed only at low filling degrees (up to 3 wt %), in agreement with the TGA data. An analysis of IR spectra demonstrates that the presence of nanotubes in PP‑based composites during oxidation slows down the formation of oxygen-containing groups in the polymer. The conclusion is made that carbon nanotubes inhibit the thermal oxidation of polypropylene in the composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 4","pages":"396 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134797931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polymer Electrolytes Based on Polybenzimidazole, Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-co-Hexafluoropropylene), and Ionic Liquids","authors":"L. P. Safonova, L. E. Shmukler","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X23701080","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X23701080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ionic liquids, salts with melting temperature below 100°C, have continuously attracted research interest. Introduction of ionic liquids in a polymer matrix affords polymer electrolytes exhibiting extremely high electroconductivity and electrochemical stability, membranes on their basis possessing good mechanical properties. Diversity of the polymers/copolymers suitable as the matrix as well as practically unlimited variety of ionic liquids (obtained via variation of the anion-cation composition and additional modification of the ions chemical structure) have afforded the polymer electrolytes with a wide range of the physico-chemical properties. In this study, the attention has been primarily focused on the results published over the recent decades and related to investigation of electrolytes for electrochemical devices, in which the membranes based on polybenzimidazole (meta-PBI), the poly(vinylidene fluoride-<i>со</i>-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) copolymer, and ammonium or imidazolium ionic liquids have been used. Various types of polymer electrolytes differing in the composition and the application range have been considered in this study: polymer + ionic liquid, polymer + ionic liquid + acid, and polymer + ionic liquid + lithium/sodium salt. Moreover, the influence of the fillers, introduced in the above-said polymer electrolytes to improve the properties and resolve the issue of the ionic liquid retention in the membrane, has been discussed. This report presents vast data sets (tables) on the electroconductivity and thermal stability of more than 100 polymer electrolytes, which are demanded by the broad journal audience.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 4","pages":"312 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134797061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinmin Huang, Yaning Wang, Chengwei Wang, Lianhe Yang, Xiang Ao
{"title":"One-Pot Freezing-Thawing Preparation of Multifunctional Cellulose Nanocrystals/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Ionic Organohydrogel","authors":"Xinmin Huang, Yaning Wang, Chengwei Wang, Lianhe Yang, Xiang Ao","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X23701092","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X23701092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cellulose nanocrystals were extracted by the method of acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose, and a simple one-pot method of dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose nanocrystals in dimethyl sulfoxide/water is proposed to prepare ionic conductive organohydrogels. Transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, universal material testing machine, electrochemical workstation, and the LCR digital bridge tester were used to study the microscopic morphology, light trans-mission properties, mechanical performance, electrical properties and sensing properties of the organohydrogel. The results show that the ionic conductive organohydrogels exhibit high stretchability (377% strain), firmness (strain at break to 345.51 kPa), good transparency and high gauge factor 4.63 (0–400% strain). The tensile fracture test shows that the organohydrogel has good toughness and elasticity in terms of tensile strength and toughness. Moreover, the PVA/CNC organohydrogels were used as the conductive medium to form a self-powered strain sensor and wearable strain sensor, and the open-circuit voltage of the self-powered system could reach 0.859 V, indicating that the organohydrogel has good electrical conductivity and sensor’s stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 4","pages":"347 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134797025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}