Advances in Pharmacological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Allium sativum</i> Cloves from China and Taşköprü, Turkey.","authors":"Ali Yetgin,&nbsp;Kerem Canlı,&nbsp;Ergin Murat Altuner","doi":"10.1155/2018/9302840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9302840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, antimicrobial activities of two different samples of <i>Allium sativum</i> L. from Turkey (TR) (Taşköprü, Kastamonu, Turkey) and China (CN) were determined. A broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (17 bacteria) including species of <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, <i>Escherichia</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Listeria</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus</i> were used for testing antibacterial activity. In addition, antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> was also investigated. Antimicrobial activity was tested by using 3 different processes (chopping, freezing, and slicing by the disk diffusion method). The results showed that TR garlic presented more antimicrobial activity than CN garlic. Mechanism of activity of CN garlic could be proposed to be different from that of TR garlic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9302840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9302840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36868861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPTLC Analysis of <i>Solanum xanthocarpum</i> Schrad. and Wendl., a <i>Siddha</i> Medicinal Herb.","authors":"Raman Preet,&nbsp;Raghbir Chand Gupta","doi":"10.1155/2018/8546306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8546306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, HPTLC is used to detect the presence and amount of triterpenoids and phytosterols in different plant parts (fruit, stem, leaf, and root) of <i>Solanum xanthocarpum</i> Schrad. and Wendl.; such analysis is done for the first time. Each plant part has its own medicinal value and is used as <i>Siddha</i> medicinal herb. The employed statistical analysis ensures that the developed method is reproducible and selective. The results show that the fruit samples contain highest amount of tested phytochemicals. This method can be used as an important tool to ensure the therapeutic dose in herbal formulations, standardization, and quality control of bulk drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8546306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8546306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36756632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic Effects of the Ethanolic Root Extract of <i>Uvaria chamae</i> P. Beauv (Annonaceae) in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats: A Potential Alternative Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Jonathan Emeka Emordi,&nbsp;Esther Oluwatoyin Agbaje,&nbsp;Ibrahim Adekunle Oreagba,&nbsp;Osede Ignis Iribhogbe","doi":"10.1155/2018/1314941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1314941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus has been a menace to mankind from time immemorial. However, a natural product such as <i>U. chamae</i> P. Beauv (Annonaceae) offers alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. The study aimed at evaluating antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic root extract of <i>U. chamae</i> in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats after overnight fast with 150 mg/kg alloxan intraperitoneally. After 72 h, those with plasma glucose levels >200 mg/dl were classified as diabetic. Five diabetic rats in each group were treated daily for 14 days orally with 100, 250, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, glibenclamide (71 <i>µ</i>g/kg) and pioglitazone (429 <i>µ</i>g/kg), respectively, while another group was untreated. Control received 0.5 ml of <i>Acacia senegal</i>. Effects of extract on glucose, other biochemical, and hematological parameters were evaluated. <i>α</i>-amylase and <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibitory activities of extract and its fractions were also evaluated. Percentage inhibition and IC₅₀ values were determined. Diabetic control was achieved on the 7th day of the study with 100, 250, and 400 mg/kg of the extract showing glucose reduction of 72.14%, 78.75%, and 87.71%, respectively. The HDL-cholesterol levels of diabetic rats treated with extracts were significantly increased. Extract and its fractions caused <i>α</i>-amylase and <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibition. Histologically, pancreas of diabetic rats treated with extract showed regenerated islet cells which were not seen in rats treated with glibenclamide and pioglitazone. This study showed that <i>U. chamae</i> has antidiabetic activity which may be through <i>α</i>-amylase and <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibition and regeneration of pancreatic beta cells. Also, it may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by increasing HDL-cholesterol levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1314941"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1314941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36756631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Antioxidant/Oxidant Status and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Lentinus tigrinus</i>.","authors":"Mustafa Sevindik","doi":"10.1155/2018/1718025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1718025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the <i>Lentinus tigrinus</i> (Bull.) Fr. mushroom was determined. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) of the mushroom were measured with Rel Assay kits. Antimicrobial activities were tested on 9 standard bacterial and fungal strains (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MRSA, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida krusei</i>, and <i>Candida glabrata</i>) with a modified agar dilution method. It was determined that the TAS value of <i>L. tigrinus</i> was 1.748 ± 0.071, TOS value was 19.294 ± 0.237, and OSI was 1.106 ± 0.031. It was also found that mushroom extracts generally exhibited higher activity on <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>C. krusei</i>, and <i>C. glabrata</i>. In conclusion, it was suggested that <i>L. tigrinus</i> can be used as a natural source due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1718025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1718025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36740588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds in <i>Leptadenia pyrotechnica</i> (Forssk.) Decne. by Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-DAD-UV).","authors":"Raman Preet,&nbsp;Raghbir Chand Gupta","doi":"10.1155/2018/9604972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9604972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the present study, an endeavor has been made to produce a simple, rapid, and simultaneous method for determination of phenolic compounds by using high-performance liquid chromatography in aerial parts of <i>Leptadenia pyrotechnica</i> (Forssk.) Decne. collected from the Indian Thar Desert. The optimized process was used for the quantification of ten phenolic compounds. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Atlantis T3 column at 25°C with isocratic elution. A mixture of acetonitrile and water was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The linear regression examination data for the calibration plots displayed a good linear relationship with <i>r</i> ² > 0.999 in the concentration range of 2-20 <i>µ</i>L. In the methanolic extracts of the whole plant of <i>L. pyrotechnica</i>, the content of caffeic acid (3.3%) was reported to be the highest concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9604972"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9604972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36658920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crude Polysaccharides from Okra Pods (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Grown in Indonesia Enhance the Immune Response due to Bacterial Infection.","authors":"Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih,&nbsp;Manikya Pramudya,&nbsp;Intan Permata Putri,&nbsp;Dwi Winarni,&nbsp;Nadyatul Ilma Indah Savira,&nbsp;Win Darmanto","doi":"10.1155/2018/8505383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8505383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Okra pods were widely consumed by Indonesians to maintain health. The aim of this study was at investigating the potential of crude polysaccharides from okra pods on immune response in mice infected with <i>Staphylococcus aureus.</i> Thirty male Balb/C mice were divided into six groups: normal control, negative control, and treatment groups (administration of crude polysaccharides at doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg). Crude polysaccharides were administrated for fourteen days. Furthermore, mice were exposed to <i>S. aureus</i> at the fifteenth day. Two weeks after the end of treatment, the parameters were measured. This study showed that crude polysaccharides at a dose of 75 and 100 mg/kg improved phagocytic activity, spleen index, and splenocytes proliferation. Rising of TNF-<i>α</i> levels was shown in groups treated with crude polysaccharides at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. All treatment groups showed a decreasing level of IL-17. Crude okra polysaccharides also showed a slight increase in NK cells activity and IFN-<i>γ</i> level. Thus, crude okra polysaccharides could act as an effective material to enhance immune response including phagocytic activity, spleen index, splenocytes proliferation, and control immune responses through cytokine production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8505383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8505383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36652612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates on the Status of Vitamin D as a Risk Factor for Respiratory Distress Syndrome.","authors":"Vesara Ardhe Gatera,&nbsp;Rizky Abdulah,&nbsp;Ida Musfiroh,&nbsp;Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani,&nbsp;Budi Setiabudiawan","doi":"10.1155/2018/8494816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8494816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To update the guidelines regarding vitamin D status in respiratory distress syndrome, we reviewed recent human and animal studies on the benefits of vitamin D in respiratory distress. We searched PubMed and ProQuest for studies on the use of vitamin D from 2009 to 2017. The common parameters in these studies included the use of lung tissue, phospholipids, blood, and plasma to assess the effects of vitamin D on respiratory syndrome. The metabolized form of vitamin D used in these studies was 1,25(OH)₂D₃ in animal studies and 25(OH)D in human studies. Vitamin D supplementation decreases the risk of respiratory distress syndrome, improves the quality of life, and is relatively effective and safe for preterm neonates as well as during lung maturation. However, although vitamin D supplementation may offer benefits for respiratory distress syndrome, the optimal dosing strategies for specific types of risk factors in the lungs must be clarified to confirm the therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8494816"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8494816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36621139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity of the Aqueous Extract and Organic Fractions from <i>Origanum majorana</i> on Human Breast Cell Line MDA-MB-231 and Human Colon Cell Line HT-29.","authors":"Hanane Makrane,&nbsp;Mouhcine El Messaoudi,&nbsp;Ahmed Melhaoui,&nbsp;Mohammed El Mzibri,&nbsp;Laila Benbacer,&nbsp;Mohammed Aziz","doi":"10.1155/2018/3297193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3297193","url":null,"abstract":"The toxicity of the aqueous extract of Origanum majorana was tested (5 and 10 g/kg) in albino mice. No symptoms of toxicity or mortality were observed. The mice survived being active and healthy during all 14 days of observation. In addition, the weight measurement of the left and right kidneys, heart, and liver shows no significant difference between the control, 5 g/kg, and 10 g/kg. All extracts (aqueous, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanolic, and depleted aqueous extracts) of Origanum majorana tested against both types of cancer cells showed a more pronounced cytotoxic effect against breast cell line MDA-MB-231 than colon cells line HT-29 cells. The most marked effect is that of the ethyl acetate extract with IC50 30.90 ± 1.39 and 50.11 ± 1.44 (µg/ml), respectively. HPLC analysis of extracts from Origanum majorana showed that this plant contained polyphenols and flavonoids, which may be responsible for the biological activities found.","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3297193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3297193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36488210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Malaysian Medicinal Plants with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity.","authors":"Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar,&nbsp;Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar,&nbsp;Norazlin Abdullah,&nbsp;Susi Endrini,&nbsp;Asmah Rahmat","doi":"10.1155/2018/8603602","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/8603602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article aims to provide detailed information on Malaysian plants used for treating inflammation. An extensive search on electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect and conference papers was done to find relevant articles on anti-inflammatory activity of Malaysian medicinal plants. The keyword search terms used were \"inflammation,\" \"Malaysia,\" \"medicinal plants,\" \"mechanisms,\" \"<i>in vitro</i>,\" and \"<i>in vivo</i>.\" As a result, 96 articles on anti-inflammatory activity of Malaysian medicinal plants were found and further reviewed. Forty-six (46) plants (<i>in vitro</i>) and 30 plants (<i>in vivo</i>) have been identified to possess anti-inflammatory activity where two plants, <i>Melicope ptelefolia</i> (Tenggek burung) and <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> (Gelang pasir), were reported to have the strongest anti-inflammatory activity of more than 90% at a concentration of 250 <i>µ</i>g/ml. It was showed that the activity was mainly due to the occurrence of diverse naturally occurring phytochemicals from diverse groups such as flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, steroids, benzophenone, triterpenoids, curcuminoids, and cinnamic acid. Hence, this current review is a detailed discussion on the potential of Malaysian medicinal plants as an anti-inflammatory agent from the previous studies. However, further investigation on the possible underlying mechanisms and isolation of active compounds still remains to be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8603602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8603602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36410711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Improving Medication Adherence: The Suppression of Bitter Taste in Edible Taste Films.","authors":"Silvy Cherian,&nbsp;Brian Sang Lee,&nbsp;Robin M Tucker,&nbsp;Kevin Lee,&nbsp;Gregory Smutzer","doi":"10.1155/2018/8043837","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/8043837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bitter taste is aversive to humans, and many oral medications exhibit a bitter taste. Bitter taste can be suppressed by the use of inhibitors or by masking agents such as sucralose. Another approach is to encapsulate bitter tasting compounds in order to delay their release. This delayed release can permit the prior release of bitter masking agents. Suppression of bitter taste was accomplished by encapsulating a bitter taste stimulus in erodible stearic acid microspheres, and embedding these 5 <i>µ</i>meter diameter microspheres in pullulan films that contain sucralose and peppermint oil as masking agents, along with an encapsulated masking agent (sucralose). Psychophysical tests demonstrated that films which encapsulated both quinine and sucralose produced a significant and continuous sweet percept when compared to films without sucralose microspheres. Films with both quinine and sucralose microspheres also produced positive hedonic scores that did not differ from control films that contained only sucralose microspheres or only empty (blank) microspheres. The encapsulation of bitter taste stimuli in lipid microspheres, and embedding these microspheres in rapidly dissolving edible taste films that contain masking agents in both the film base and in microspheres, is a promising approach for diminishing the bitter taste of drugs and related compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7389,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8043837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8043837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36344654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}