Journal of nutritional biology最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Ki-67 and Bcl-2 Expression in Rat Gastric Mucosa Secondary to Soybean Feeding: An Assessment of Proliferative and Apoptotic Activity of Flavonoids.","authors":"O. Sivrikoz, S. Kececi, S. Sanal, Fatma Yildirim","doi":"10.18314/JNB.V4I2.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/JNB.V4I2.1062","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastric cancer is a common malignancy and nutritional factors are believed to play an important role in its development. Isoflavones in soybean products are an important nutritional source, especially in some Asian Countries, having protective role against development of gastric cancer.In our study, we have prepared soybean extracts via different methodologies and assessed their apoptotic role and proliferation index in gastric mucosa of the rodents.Methodology: We have fed 2 months old 64 rats for a period of 1 month with soybean extracts prepared by 3different methodologies and in 6 different concentrations. Subsequently, the rodents were subjected to euthanasia and their gastric mucosal linings were processed accordingly for H & E, Bcl-2, and Ki 67 staining. Thereafter, the specimens were evaluated under light microscopy.Results: In all the experimental groups fed with soybean extracts, weak staining was observed with Bcl-2, moresignificantly in the group of rodents fed with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg ethanol extract as well as in the group fed with high ethyl acetate extract (p<0.05). There was no difference between the groups with respect to Ki 67 staining and inflammation rate (p>0.05).Conclusions: We have discovered that soybean extracts and specifically genistin and daidzein induces apoptosis at high concentrations. This observation makes us believe that soybeans have a protective role in the development of gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":73868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Northern Italian Diet Compared to the Mediterranean Diet: Prevalence Rates of Obesity and Diabetes","authors":"A. Testori","doi":"10.18314/JNB.V4I2.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18314/JNB.V4I2.1092","url":null,"abstract":"I am writing in response to your recent articles on the conference proceedings of the World Congress on Nutrition and obesity prevention. I wish to call attention to the data on the prevalence of obesity in Italy, which are some of the lowest in the Western world, and which seem to be relatively stable [1]. The table 1 below shows that the northern part of Italy had significantly lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in 2007 than the southern part of Italy [2]. The Northern Italian diet differs significantly from the Mediterranean diet of the southern part of Italy, being richer in calories, animal fats and meat products than the typical Mediterranean diet. It also uses butter more often than olive oil as a condiment. For years the Mediterranean diet has been portrayed as one of the healthiest. The concept of the Mediterranean diet reflected “food patterns typical of Crete, much of the rest of Greece, and Southern Italy in the early 1960s” [3]. American biochemist Ancel Keys had first originated the concept of the Mediterranean diet after discovering a high proportion of centenarians in the Cilento area of Southern Italy [4]. However, according to the World Health Organization, Greece only ranked 24th among world countries in 2015 with respect to life expectancy with an average life expectancy for men of 78.3 years and for women of 83.6 years, behind Germany and the United Kingdom. Like many Western countries, Greece is also experiencing an obesity epidemic [5]. With particular regards to type 2 diabetes mellitus, Northern Italy has a very low prevalence of the condition (3.2%), lower than that of Southern Italy (6.3%) [6]. The Mediterranean diet has even been proclaimed an intangible cultural heritage by Unesco in 2013 (Inscription: 8.COM 8.10), supposedly for its great health benefits. The American College of Cardiology promotes the Mediterranean diet on its website claiming that it lowers the risk of diabetes. However, analysis of the available data does not support this conclusion. The table 2 below lists the diabetes type 2 prevalence rates of several countries and of Northern and Southern Italy: as it will be apparent some “Mediterranean” countries(including Greece) have higher prevalence rates than the United States. I therefore feel that we are giving the wrong advice to the public: to follow a “Mediterranean” diet.","PeriodicalId":73868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45683310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Renaissance and Public Health Policy.","authors":"T C Campbell","doi":"10.18314/jnb.v3i1.145","DOIUrl":"10.18314/jnb.v3i1.145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The science of nutrition has long been entrapped in reductionist interpretation of details, a source of great confusion. However, if nutrition is defined as the integration of countless nutrient factors, metabolic reactions and outcomes, biologically orchestrated as in symphony, its relevance for personal and public health would be less confusing and more productive. This more wholistic interpretation may be observed at the cellular and physiological levels and may be described, in part, by the concept of pleiotropy (multiple cell-based effects from one nutrient source), together with its more expansive cousin, epitropy (multiple cell-based effects from multiple nutrients). There are many consequences. First, wholistic interpretation helps to explain the profound but little-known health benefits of whole plant-based foods (not vegan or vegetarian) when compared with whole animal-based foods and/or with the nutritionally variable convenience foods (generally high in fat, salt, refined carbohydrates and low in complex carbohydrates). Second, wholistic interpretation explains why the U.S. Dietary Guidelines and related public policies, which are primarily conceived from reductionist reasoning, serve political agendas so effectively. If diet and health advisories were to acknowledge the biological complexity of nutrition, then make greater use of deductive (top down) instead of inductive (bottom up) reasoning, there would be less confusion. Third, wholistic nutrition, if acknowledged, could greatly help to resolve the highly-polarized, virtually intractable political debate on health care. And fourth, this definition tells why nutrition is rarely if ever offered in medical school training, is not one of the 130 or so medical specialties, and does not have a dedicated research institute at U.S. National Institutes of Health. Nutrition is a wholistic science whereas medical practice is reductionist, a serious mismatch that causes biased judgement of nutrition. But this dichotomy would not exist if the medical practice profession were to understand and adopt wholistic interpretation. Reductionist research, however, is crucially important because its findings provide the granular structure for wholistic interpretation-these two philosophies are inescapably interdependent. Evidence obtained in this manner lends strong support to the suggestion that nutrition is more efficacious and far more affordable in maintaining and restoring (treating) health than all the pills and procedures combined. Admittedly, this is a challenging paradigm for the domain of medical science itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":73868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional biology","volume":"3 1","pages":"124-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10021620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}