Journal of neurology and psychology最新文献

{"title":"PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) Haplotypes Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in People with HIV.","authors":"S Haddadi, K L Jordan-Sciutto, C Akay-Espinoza, D Grelotti, S L Letendre, B Tang, R J Ellis","doi":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000049","DOIUrl":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a debilitating and difficult-to-treat condition in people with HIV (PWH) despite viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Depression is associated with activation of the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway, which regulates protein synthesis in response to metabolic stress. We evaluated common PERK haplotypes that influence PERK expression in relation to depressed mood in PWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PWH from 6 research centers were enrolled in the study. Genotyping was conducted using targeted sequencing with TaqMan. The major PERK haplotypes A, B, and D were identified. Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Covariates including genetically-defined ancestry, demographics, HIV disease/treatment parameters and antidepressant treatments were assessed. Data were analyzed using multivariable regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 287 PWH with a mean (SD) age of 57.1±7.8 years were enrolled. Although the largest ethnic group was non-Hispanic white (n=129, 45.3%), African-American (n=124, 43.5%) and Hispanic (n=30, 10.5%) made up over half the sample. 20.3% were female and 96.5% were virally suppressed. Mean BDI-II was 9.6±9.5, and 28.9% scored above the cutoff for mild depression (BDI-II>13). PERK haplotype frequencies were AA57.8%, AB25.8%, AD 10.1%, and BB4.88%. PERK haplotypes were differentially represented according to genetic ancestry (p=6.84e-6). BDI-II scores were significantly higher in participants with the AB haplotype (F=4.45, p=0.0007).This finding was robust to consideration of potential confounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PERK haplotypes were associated with depressed mood in PWH.Consequently, pharmacological targeting of PERK-related pathways might amelioratedepression in PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10194542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9499790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humour, Mirth, or Laughter in Neurology, Nervous Disorders and Diseases","authors":"P. Ranganatha, GY Yashodhara-Kumar, L. D'souza, S. Venkatesan","doi":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2332-3469.1000050","url":null,"abstract":"The available research on humor, mirth, or laughter in neurology, nervous disorders, and diseases is sparse and fragmented. This review attempts to collect, collate, and evaluate available evidence afresh in this research paper. Although descriptive, the included literature covers around eighty peer-reviewed published articles written exclusively on the chosen theme. The anatomical, organic, evolutionary","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66209802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of the Fear of COVID-19 on School Refusal in terms of Depression, Anxiety, Social Functioning and Academic Resilience","authors":"K. Karaca","doi":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2332-3469.1000047","url":null,"abstract":". Investigation of the Effect of the Fear of COVID-19","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66209789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocyte Activation is A Potential Mechanism Underlying Depressed Mood and Apathy in People with HIV.","authors":"Ronald J Ellis, Yan Fan, David Grelotti, Bin Tang, Scott Letendre, Johnny J He","doi":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000048","DOIUrl":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Astrocytes become activated with certain infections, and this might alter the brain to trigger or worsen depressed mood. Indeed, astrocytes are chronically activated in people with HIV infection (PWH), who are much more frequently depressed than people without HIV (PWoH). A particularly disabling component of depression in PWH is apathy, a loss of interest, motivation, emotion, and goal-directed behavior. We tested the hypothesis that depression and apathy in PWH would be associated with higher levels of a biomarker of astrocyte activation, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated PWH in a prospective observational study using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and additional standardized assessments, including lumbar puncture. We measured GFAP in CSF with a customized direct sandwich ELISA method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and multivariable regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were 212 PWH, mean (SD) age 40.9±9.14 years, median (IQR) nadir and current CD4 199 (57, 326) and 411 (259, 579), 65.1% on ART, 67.3% virally suppressed. Higher CSF GFAP correlated with worse total BDI-II total scores (Pearson correlation r=0.158, p-value=0.0211), and with worse apathy scores (r=0.205, p=0.0027). The correlation between apathy/depression and GFAP was not in fluenced by other factors such as age or HIV suppression status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Astrocyte activation, reflected in higher levels of CSF GFAP, was associated with worse depression and apathy in PWH. Interventions to reduce astrocyte activation -- for example, using a peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist -- might be studied to evaluate their impact on disabling depression in PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10194432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9496462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Length of Exposure to Trauma and Mental Illness in the Police","authors":"Santiago Bossert TC","doi":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2332-3469.1000040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66209779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Traumatic Epilepsy (PTE) and Quality of Life after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)","authors":"V. Garg, Seema Singh, Dharambir, Kashyap","doi":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2332-3469.1000038","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a complex neurotrauma worldwide, commonly occurs in social life and shows several symptoms, longterm neuropsychological disability, and also causes mortality [1]. The prevalence of TBI is 10 million individuals per year and is one of the major causes of death amid young adults [2,3]. TBI damages brain in two ways: 10 brain damage, the damage which occurs at the time of insult, and 20 brain damage, the damage that develops few time after the injury [4]. TBI is classified into 3 categories i.e. mild, moderate, and severe based on the 15-point Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), commonly used for rating the severity of brain insult [5]. The common areas which are injured during TBI are contusion, focal shear injury, edema, vascular compromise, Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI), and excitotoxic reaction, along with diffuse brain injury (DBI) [6]. PostTraumatic Epilepsy (PTE) is one of the common prognosis of TBI but the mechanisms are not known and followed by PTE. Epileptogenesis refers to the latent period followed by brain damaging injury in which the brain experiences molecular and cellular modifications, causes its excitability then leads to the occurrence of repeated spontaneous seizures. Post-traumatic epileptogenic components linked with severe TBI, enhance seizure susceptibility and lead to PTE. The categories of epilepsy which are associated with TBI are symptomatic, partial seizure with consciousness and without consciousness and generalized seizures. Absence seizures are not associated with head trauma [7]. TBI is believed to be a ‘silent epidemic,’ as individuals are mostly unaware of this problem [8]. It also decreases the quality of life (QoL) of the affected patients. Patients become unacceptable to the society which leads to their social boycott, sometimes leads to suicidal attempt. It interferes with the normal brain function also [9]. The important factors which affect QoL are memory disorders [10], fatigue [11], self-awareness deficits, feeling, emotions etc [12].","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48122044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Celecoxib in Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Review Article","authors":"F. Malekpour, Mohammadreza Shalbafan, Sonia Donboli, E. Shirazi, Mahta, Moridian","doi":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2332-3469.1000036","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Celecoxib is a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and a sulfonamide pain killer that is mainly used for treatment of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, acute pain and some other purposes such as prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal benign neoplasia. Due to the possibility of inflammatory etiologies in many psychiatric disorders, this medication has been studied for the treatment of some of the psychiatric disorders. In this paper we reviewed recent studies done on the use of Celecoxib as adjunctive medication for psychiatric treatments and discussed.","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45775761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Correlation between Acute Behavioral Manifestations of Concussion and the Underlying Pathophysiology of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Pilot Study.","authors":"M Byrd,&nbsp;C E Dixon,&nbsp;B Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2332-3469.1000037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concussion in athletes can contribute to early neuropsychological changes that may be indicative of future neurodegenerative disease. One of the hallmark findings of chronic traumatic encephalopathy is anxiety and impulsive behavior that often develops early in the course of the disease. The behavioral dysfunction can be grouped into a broader category referred to as cognitive disruption. The current gold standard for diagnosing chronic neurodegeneration is post-mortem evaluation of tauopathy to identify neurofibrillary tau tangles in neurons. Few studies, however, have looked at clinical correlations between acute injury and chronic neurodegeneration in terms of behavior. This lack of focus towards translational study has limited advancements towards treatment. In this pilot investigation, the acute cognitive and emotional (anger, impulsivity, and anxiety) affects of concussion in a cohort of collegiate athletes (n = 30) are examined and compared to findings in the post-mortem pathologic features of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Specifically, the role of the seroternergic system with alpha synuclein and tauopathy staining and the potential for early clinically relevant behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions was investigated. The purpose was to determine if athletes began demonstrating cognitive disruption present in post-mortem evaluation during the acute phase of injury. The acute data was collected via questionnaires within ten days of the athletes' concussion diagnosis. Results demonstrated that 11 of 30 athletes (36%) scored in a diagnosable range of anxiety post-concussion, and athletes scored above the norm in state-anger (<i>M</i> = 22.9, SD = 9.99), indicating severe emotional disturbance. A limitation is that due to the long time frame from acute injury to the development of neurodegeneration individual athletes cannot be tracked in longevity thus limiting the findings to the realm of correlation. The findings from this pilot study warrant further investigation into the neuropsychological aspects for how to manage concussion and prevent degenerative disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6075831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36371349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse Biological Functions of Sphingolipids in the CNS: Ceramide and Sphingosine Regulate Myelination in Developing Brain but Stimulate Demyelination during Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Somsankar Dasgupta,&nbsp;Swapan K Ray","doi":"10.13188/2332-3469.1000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2332-3469.1000035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sphingolipids are enriched in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and display multiple biological functions. They participate in tissue development, cell recognition and adhesion, and act as receptors for toxins. During myelination, a variety of interactive molecules such as myelin basic protein, myelin associated glycoprotein, phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids, etc., participate in a complex fashion. Precise roles of some sphingolipids in myelination still remain unexplored. Our investigation delineated participation of several sphingolipids in myelination during rat brain development as well as in human brain demyelination during pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). These sphingolipids included Ceramide (Cer)/dihydroceramide (dhCer), Sphingosine (Sph)/dihydrosphingosine (dhSph), and glucosyl/galactosylceramide (glc/galCer) as we detected these by column chromatography, high performance thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Cer/dhCer level rises during rat brain development starting at Embryonic stage (E) until postnatal day (P21), then gradually falls until the maturity (P30 and onwards), and remains steady maintaining a constant ratio (4-4.5:1) throughout the brain development. GlcCer is the initial Monoglycosylceramide (MGC) that appears at early Postnatal stage (P8) and then GalCer appears at P10 with an increasing trend until P21 and its concentration remains unaltered. Sph and dhSph profiles show a similar trend with an initial peak at P10 and then a comparatively smaller peak at P21 maintaining a ratio of (2-2.5:1) of Sph:dhSph. The profiles of all these sphingolipids, specifically at P21, clearly indicate their importance during rat brain development but somewhat unspecified roles in myelination. While Cer has been reported to involve in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, Sph being a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C has recently been implicated in CNS demyelination due to MS. Inflammatory cytokines stimulate Sph elevation in MS brains and lead to demyelination due to oligodendrocyte death as we examined by using human oligodendroglioma culture. In conclusions, sphingolipids are essential for brain development but they have deleterious effects in demyelinating diseases such as MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6190913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36599037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Institute of Medicine's Recommendations Regarding Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Versus Research Criteria.","authors":"Leonard A Jason,&nbsp;Stephanie McManimen,&nbsp;Madison Sunnquist,&nbsp;Abigail Brown,&nbsp;Julia L Newton,&nbsp;Elin Bolle Strand","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Institute of Medicine (2015) has proposed a new <i>clinical</i> case definition for what had been known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). This new criteria involved the following domains: substantial reduction or impairment in the ability to engage in pre-illness levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities; post-exertional malaise; unrefreshing sleep; and at least one of the two following symptoms: cognitive impairment or orthostatic intolerance. In addition, in August of 2015, the CFS Advisory Committee, which makes recommendations to the Secretary of US Department of Health and Human Services, proposed that the Canadian 2003 criteria should serve as the <i>research</i> case for CFS. Up to now, there have not been any published investigations comparing these clinical and research criteria. Using patient samples collected in the United States, Great Britain, and Norway, the current study compared and contrasted patients who met the clinical and research criteria. Overall findings indicated that those meeting the research criteria in comparison to those meeting the clinical criteria were significantly more impaired on a wide variety of symptoms and functional areas. The implications of these findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5008852/pdf/nihms781586.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34363360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}