Journal of medical research and innovation最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Revolutionizing Healthcare for Improved Patient Outcomes","authors":"Varshil Mehta","doi":"10.32892/jmri.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32892/jmri.292","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a groundbreaking technology with the potential to transform various sectors, and the field of medicine is no exception. With its ability to process vast amounts of data and perform complex tasks, AI has begun to revolutionize healthcare, offering promising avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. In this editorial article, we will explore the significant impact of AI in medicine, highlighting its potential benefits and the challenges that lie ahead. \u0000AI-Driven Diagnosis \u0000One of the most remarkable applications of AI in medicine is its capacity to assist in accurate and efficient diagnosis. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, AI systems can analyze medical imaging, such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans, with a level of precision that rivals human experts. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of AI in detecting various conditions, including lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders, leading to earlier and more accurate diagnoses. \u0000For instance, a study published in Nature Medicine by McKinney et al. revealed that an AI model trained on a large dataset of mammograms outperformed radiologists in breast cancer detection. The AI system achieved a lower false-negative rate and reduced the number of false positives, thereby potentially reducing unnecessary biopsies [1]. Similarly, a study by Esteva et al., showed that a deep learning algorithm outperformed dermatologists in diagnosing skin cancer based on images [2]. Such advancements in AI-driven diagnosis hold immense promise for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. \u0000Personalized Treatment and Precision Medicine \u0000AI has also opened doors to personalized treatment strategies, enabling healthcare professionals to tailor therapies to individual patients. By analyzing vast amounts of patient data, including genetic information, medical history, and treatment outcomes, AI algorithms can identify patterns, predict responses to specific treatments, and recommend personalized interventions. This approach, known as precision medicine, has the potential to revolutionize disease management. \u0000An example of AI's impact on precision medicine is showcased in the work of Poplin et al. The study demonstrated how a deep learning algorithm could predict the onset of cardiovascular events by analyzing electronic health records. The algorithm outperformed traditional risk models by incorporating a broader range of patient data, allowing for more accurate and timely interventions to prevent adverse events [3]. Similarly, Obermeyer et al., demonstrated that an AI model outperformed traditional methods in predicting acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients [4] while a study by Che et al., demonstrated the effectiveness of an AI model in predicting sepsis, allowing for early intervention and improved patient outcomes [5]. \u0000Enhanced Clinical Decision-Making and Workflow \u0000AI has the capacity to enhance ","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49049551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low back pain oswestry disability index changes following 8-week movement proficiency exercise program – A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Brogan Samuel Williams, David Johnson","doi":"10.32892/jmri.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32892/jmri.290","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a worldwide epidemic, with a prevalence rate of 75–84% in developed countries. With the prevalence increasing, health-care professionals must question current best practice guidelines. In 2014, spinal neurosurgeon and back pain rehabilitation specialist Dr. David Johnson developed a unique back pain rehabilitation program referred to as NearoHAB®. The program’s uniqueness is founded on the principle that effective rehabilitation must eliminate the root cause of pain symptoms. The NeuroHAB® 8-week Movement therapy program aims to reverse movement dysfunction by restoring central nervous system-derived motor patterns based on proficient spinopelvic biomechanics for bending activities of daily living. To date, no other rehabilitation methodology adopts a movement dysfunction cause-based clinical model for back pain symptoms or includes a framework for what healthy lumbar pelvic movement should resemble. Over the course of the 8-week program, each participant is gradually upskilled, developing new default movement proficiency and improved biomechanics, in efforts to downregulate pain, improve disability, and increase functional movement capacity, creating a positive feedback loop for further progress. The leading question of this study is “How does functional movement-based therapy impact chronic low back pain?” Ten sets of participant details were selected at random and retrieved from the NeuroHAB® 8-week program database of 2020. All participants presented with CLBP, and two oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were documented – the first at the beginning of the 8-week program, and the second after the NeuroHAB® intervention. ODI scores were collated and the pre- and post-program results were measured and compared quantitatively through a paired t-test to determine the statistical significance of improvement. Results showed a two-tailed P=0.05 indicating that there was a significant difference between the pre- and post-data (0.0024). The pre- and post-group intervention ODI means were 25.80 and 13.30, respectively, resulting in a difference of 12.50 (95% CI: 5.73–19.27); determining the mean data between the pre- and post-intervention decreased by 48.4496%. The results from this study support the alternative hypothesis, concluding an 8-week intervention of functional movement therapy represented by NeuroHAB® results in a significant reduction of LBP ODI scores. ","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49524036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical and subjective outcomes associated with spinal manipulation: A case study","authors":"Brogan Samuel Williams","doi":"10.25259/jmri_24_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jmri_24_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal manipulation (SM) has been documented to have various physiological effects, of which the research literature has started to reflect over the past decade. This case study was designed with intent to further investigate these findings. A 31 year old woman with experience of lifting weights and working a very physical job presented with ipsilateral right-sided lower neck and shoulder pain (C7-T4, right trapezius, and right scapula area) and bilateral low back pain (L1-L5 and S.I joint area). Following the examination, a differential diagnosis list was decided on with the input of multiple doctors and therapists. The primary treatment was SM over a time span of 6 months. The patient displayed significant results. Objective testing through a follow-up range of motion (ROM) examination showed an increase in ROM and a spinal examination presented a reduction in local muscle tightness. In addition, subjectively, the patient reported a significant reduction in pain, an increase in movement confidence, and ability. The results of this case study suggest that SM in conjunction with patient education has a significant positive effect on the patient’s reduction of pain, local muscle tightness and increase in ROM, and patient movement ability and confidence. Further studies are required to isolate the specific effects of SM in a high-powered study and clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46017257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach of harvesting concentrated plasma-rich fibrin (PRF) with increased platelet count","authors":"N. Ragunanthan, C. A. Devi, V. Hemavani","doi":"10.25259/jmri_1_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jmri_1_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autogenous biomaterial, considered as the second-generation platelet concentrates rich in blood cells and growth factors entrapped in the fibrin matrix, which makes it as an ideal material with wound healing abilities. Studies have reported high harvest of cells using anticoagulants but the present study employs two different protocols to efficiently separate the platelet-rich layer at low centrifugal forces without the use of anticoagulants.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Blood samples were collected with the consent of 20 volunteer donors. Ten blood samples were tested in each of the protocols studied, that is, protocol 1–200 g for 8 min (higher rpm and time) and protocol 2–60 g for 5 min (lower rpm and time). From the 12 ml of blood samples collected, 2 ml of blood was utilized for whole blood study; the remaining 10 ml was transferred into falcon tubes subjected to different rpm.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study employs a novel method to investigate segregation of cell types following low-grade centrifugation. One milliliter sequential pipetting technique was used to analyze number of leukocytes and platelets following centrifugation at two different g-forces. The protocols followed in the present study had 2–3-fold increase leukocytes concentration and 10–12-fold increases in platelet concentrations in the layers than the whole blood sample without the use of anticoagulants.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study concludes that protocol 1 was more efficient in harvesting platelets with less concentration of leukocytes, which is considered more suitable for various medical applications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47482669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The kaleidoscope of autoimmunity: A report of 10 cases of multiple autoimmune syndrome","authors":"Sharang Gupta, S. Aggarwal, D. Chopra","doi":"10.25259/jmri_16_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jmri_16_2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44293864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of the first health skills simulation laboratory in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdulmajeed S. Khan, M. Fatani, Ammar A. Albokhari","doi":"10.25259/jmri_9_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jmri_9_2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49443955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool for postpartum fistula-in-ano on episiotomy scar – A case report","authors":"Selma Lamara Touil, Imane Beggah","doi":"10.25259/jmri_23_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jmri_23_2021","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this case presentation is to describe a rare case of fistula-in-ano at an episiotomy site and review the importance of magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool for the detection of perineal fistulas.","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49500126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The yearly peak age of the onset of major depressive disorder over the past 5 years at a general hospital in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Ammar A. Albokhari, A. Hussain, A. Tashkandi, Abdulrahman Alsawas, Rajab Bresaly, M. Hassan, Abdulmajeed S. Khan, B. Bandugh","doi":"10.25259/jmri_29_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jmri_29_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not exhibit usual mood swings and emotional reactions to difficulties in life. Patients with MDD experience specific symptoms such as decreased mood, loss of interest, and suicidal thoughts, particularly those with moderate, severe, or recurrent MDD. Depression can become a severe health condition, and MDD can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, and functional impairment. A total of 260 million people are diagnosed as having MDD worldwide, with a global prevalence of 3627 per 100,000 individuals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This cross-sectional study recruited 2894 patients who were interviewed at a psychiatric clinic and were diagnosed as having MDD from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, at Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. From the hospital’s health information system, we extracted the following data using the patient arrival report for psychiatric clinics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean age of MDD onset was 43 years in Saudi Arabia with a peak age between 35 and 40 years and an average age between 43 and 46 years.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean and peak ages of MDD onset in Saudi Arabia differ from those in other countries. Our findings can help set a screening age for depression in the Saudi population in primary healthcare centers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42462296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do older adult cancer survivors experience worse health-related quality of life in comparison to middle-aged cancer survivors? A secondary data analysis of the 2014 behavioral risk factor surveillance study","authors":"S. Vang","doi":"10.25259/jmri_27_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jmri_27_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The primary aim of this paper was to examine the potential differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between middle-aged (45–64 years old) and older adult (65 years and older) cancer survivors utilizing the contextual model of health-related quality of life.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The author conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2014 behavioral risk factor surveillance system cancer survivorship module survey. Only respondents age 45 and older were included, resulting in n = 5656.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Older adult cancer survivors reported significantly better physical and mental HRQOL than middle-aged cancer survivors. In regard to physical HRQOL, respondents who were older adults, employed, completed treatment, and exercised recently were more likely to report good physical HRQOL. Respondents with comorbid conditions and those with greater years since diagnosis were more likely to report poor HRQOL. In regard to mental HRQOL, respondents who were older, married, or had completed treatment were more likely to have good mental HRQOL. Respondents who were unemployed, had experienced financial cost as a barrier to care, had stroke or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, or a history of depression were more likely to report poor mental HRQOL.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Older adult cancer survivors experience better mental and physical HRQOL compared to their middle-aged counterparts. Efforts to improve HRQOL in cancer survivors should include middle-aged adults as well as cancer survivors who are unmarried, still in treatment, or have comorbidities. Greater research is needed to better understand how age differentially affects HRQOL in persons with a cancer history.\u0000","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44354700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of mental disorders by sex among Hera General Hospital patients over the past 10 years","authors":"Ammar A. Albokhari, Rajab Bresaly, M. Hassan, A. A. Khan","doi":"10.25259/jmri_26_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jmri_26_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mental disorders manifest as social, occupational, or emotional dysfunctions. Many countries struggle to recognize mental disorders and their effects on communities. Mental health awareness in Saudi Arabia has improved in recent years as psychiatric treatment has become more acceptable in Saudi society. The aim of this study was to determine the percentages of mental disorders among a hospital population at Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, using the diagnostic criteria of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases. We aimed to determine sex differences and to identify the five most common disorders.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We identified clusters of mental disorders seen at Hera General Hospital psychiatric clinic using the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 and it was a cross-sectional study of patients at a psychiatric outpatient department from July 2009 to June 2019 in Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The most common mental disorders in patients attending the psychiatric clinic of Hera General Hospital were found to be major depressive disorder (41.3%), followed by anxiety disorders (22.1%), substance-induced psychotic disorder (11.4%), schizophrenia (8.9%), and Mental retardation (7.0%). Females were observed to have a higher risk for mood and anxiety disorders, whereas males had a higher risk for substance-induced psychotic disorder and schizophrenia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Major depressive disorder was the most prevalent mental disorder at Hera General Hospital. Most patients with depressive disorder were female.\u0000","PeriodicalId":73819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical research and innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44945152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}