Journal of lifestyle medicine最新文献

{"title":"Healthy Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Sleep Hygiene to Promote Cardiometabolic Health of Airline Pilots: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Daniel Wilson,&nbsp;Matthew Driller,&nbsp;Ben Johnston,&nbsp;Nicholas Gill","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2023.13.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2023.13.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Airline pilots experience unique occupational demands that may contribute to adverse physical and psychological health outcomes. Epidemiological reports have shown a substantial prevalence of cardiometabolic health risk factors including excessive body weight, elevated blood pressure, poor lifestyle behaviors, and psychological fatigue. Achieving health guidelines for lifestyle behavior nutrition, physical activity, and sleep are protective factors against the development of noncommunicable diseases and may mitigate the unfavorable occupational demands of airline pilots. This narrative review examines occupational characteristics for sleep, nutrition, and physical activity and outlines evidence-based strategies to inform health behavior interventions to mitigate cardiometabolic health risk factors among airline pilots.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature sources published between 1990 and 2022 were identified through electronic searches in PubMed, MEDLINE (via OvidSP), PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, and a review of official reports and documents from regulatory authorities pertaining to aviation medicine and public health was conducted. The literature search strategy comprised key search terms relating to airline pilots, health behaviors, and cardiometabolic health. The inclusion criteria for literature sources were peer-reviewed human studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and reports or documents published by regulatory bodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the review show occupational factors influencing nutrition, sleep, and physical activity behaviors and delineate evident occupational disruptions to these lifestyle behaviors. Evidence from clinical trials demonstrates the efficacy of nutrition, sleep, and physical activity interventions for enhancing the cardiometabolic health of airline pilots.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This narrative review suggests that implementing evidence-based interventions focused on nutrition, physical activity, and sleep could help mitigate cardiometabolic health risk factors among airline pilots, who are particularly susceptible to adverse health outcomes due to unique occupational demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/d1/jlm-13-1-1.PMC10210965.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9538223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Nintendo Wii on Balance in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ahmed Zarie M Shahhar,&nbsp;Mohammed Qasheesh,&nbsp;Mohammad Abu Shaphe","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of exergaming exercises is increasingly becoming accepted as an alternative to surgical and medical therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the area has attracted some results, there is still no conclusive evidence on the benefit of exergaming exercises in improving PD patients' body balance. The current study is a systematic review aiming at examining the effectiveness of the Nintendo Wii Fit (\"Wii Fit\") game on improving the balance in people with Parkinson's disease. A total of 200 articles were selected online after conducting an extensive search on PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, CAPES Periodic, ResearchGate, Web of Science, and ProQuest. Upon reviewing the identified sources, ten articles were included, of which four were randomized control trials. The results show that at least five weeks of Wii Fit exercises effectively enhance PD patients' body balance and life outcomes. However, better results occur when patients combine Wii Fit with other conventional exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/74/jlm-12-3-105.PMC9798876.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10520986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of Lifestyle to Recover from Post-COVID Symptoms: A Short Review.","authors":"Shilpasree Saha,&nbsp;Kritika Sharma","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor lifestyle is associated with a high risk of developing the symptoms of post-COVID. It does not only have the negative effect on physical health, but also psychological health. This also creates a challenge on health care system. One of the cost-effective and easy ways to deal this situation is medication of lifestyle. The review study aimed to understand the importance of lifestyle modification in managing symptoms of post-COVID.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/a2/jlm-12-3-113.PMC9798880.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Comprehensive Lifestyle Intervention (LSI) Program on Health, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged Women.","authors":"Su-Jin Jung,&nbsp;Seung-Ok Lee,&nbsp;Min-Jun Choi,&nbsp;Jun Heo,&nbsp;Soo-Wan Chae,&nbsp;Baik-Hwan Cho","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Middle age is one of the most important times in a woman's life, and it is a time when multiple changes occur that affect the body and health. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention (LSI) program, including stress management, on middle-aged women's physical, physiological, and mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 middle-aged women participated in a short-term LSI program, nutrition, exercise, and mental and physical management with various experiential activities. Physical measurements, biochemical indicators, stress hormones, chronic fatigue, and quality of life indicators were evaluated to interpret the clinical efficacy of the program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LSI program significantly improved satisfaction and quality of life in participants. Total chronic fatigue scores reduced significantly compared to scores before the start of the program. Moreover, fat mass and body fat were reduced without loss of muscle mass. Further, blood pressure and triglyceride levels significantly decreased after completing the LSI program. However, changes in stress hormone levels remained insignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adoption of LSI in middle-aged women demonstrated positive implications of the program. LSI efficiently regulates body fat, fat mass, fatigue, hypertension, and triglyceride levels which play a critical role in determining the quality of life. Thus, the LSI program could spread healthy lifestyles among middle-aged women.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/cd/jlm-12-3-127.PMC9798878.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and Exercise among Young Doctors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ankita Priya,&nbsp;Elizabeth Tharion","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited information is available on the sleep and propensity for daytime sleepiness in young medical doctors of India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2-week self-reported data surrounding sleep and exercise habits, and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score obtained from volunteering doctors of a tertiary care hospital in India, were summarized as median (Q1-Q3). Comparisons with Mann-Whitney U test and correlations with Spearman's rank correlation were done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven doctors (28 [26-33] years, 16 males) reported a total sleep duration (TSD) of 6.3 (6-6.7) hours, sleep latency of 9 (5.1-15.8) minutes, and ESS score of 8 (5-10). The number of days (out of 14) when the subjective feeling of 'refreshed', 'somewhat refreshed', and 'fatigued' was experienced was respectively 6 (2-9), 5 (3-8), and 1 (0-4). Junior-level doctors experienced more days of 'fatigue' than senior-level doctors (3 [0-4.3], 0 [0-0]; p = 0.002). Doctors who did not exercise reported greater days of fatigue than those who exercised (2 [0-4.8], 0 [0-2]; p = 0.047).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The young doctors of our study slept less than the recommended amount of 7 hours by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Their short sleep latency and normal propensity for daytime sleepiness, though encouraging, may be an effect of insufficient sleep and mentally alerting daytime schedule respectively. Notably, we found a positive association between exercise habits and subjective restoration following sleep in our study population. The sleep requirements and sleep structure among Indians are yet to be established. Our findings add to the data on sleep in the Indian context.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"164-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7c/34/jlm-12-3-164.PMC9798884.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Assessment of a Brief Health, Fitness, and Spirituality Survey for Epidemiological Research: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Peter D Hart","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Not many population-based health studies include items to assess both fitness and spirituality concepts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine initial data of a brief health, fitness, and spirituality survey for epidemiological research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This first phase pilot study used data from N = 56 adults 18+ years of age via electronic questionnaire. Measures of general health, fitness, physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), religiosity, and happiness were assessed. Reliability analyses were employed for PA, religiosity, and happiness scales. Validity coefficients were computed to evaluate convergence between scale scores and related measures. Finally, difference in health was examined between different levels of fitness to evaluate known groups discrimination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents were middle-aged (Mean = 50.5 yr, SD = 14.3), majority white (69.5%, SD = 6.2), with relatively low BMI (Mean = 25.3, SD = 5.3). All three scales showed internal consistency reliability of α = 0.93, α = 0.89, and KR-20 = 0.56 for religiosity, happiness, and PA, respectively. Furthermore, scores converged (ps < 0.05) between fitness and PA (r = 0.43), health (r = 0.66), BMI (r = -0.28), and happiness (r = 0.25). Finally, health scores were significantly greater for high fitness versus low fitness in both male (p < 0.001) and female (p = 0.015) populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results from this study indicate that a brief health, fitness, and spirituality survey can reliably measure its intended traits. A single-item of self-assessed fitness in particular has promise for large scale epidemiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/e1/jlm-12-3-119.PMC9798877.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10520987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a Whole Food Plant Based Diet in a Food as Prevention Program in a Resource Constrained Environment.","authors":"Subhas C Ganguli,&nbsp;Lindsey A Russell,&nbsp;Keith S Tsoi","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficacy of a Whole Food Plant-based (WFPB) diet has been shown in randomized controlled trials in diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity. However, it's effectiveness in routine clinical settings is less well documented. This study describes the implementation and outcomes of a \"Food as Prevention\" program run by a single clinician.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were referred to a \"Food as Prevention\" program run by a single gastroenterologist at an academic teaching center. The program included 5 physician-led discussion and small group educational sessions. Data collected included demographics, weight and biochemical measurements before and after completion of the program. Statistical analysis included paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess differences before and after WFPB implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 participants (age 59 years; 59% female) with an average weight of 90.0 kg attended a median of 3 group sessions. Majority of patients had hyperlipidemia (71%) followed by hypertension (47%) and coronary artery disease (35%), fatty liver disease (35%) and diabetes mellitus (29%). Adoption of a WFPB diet led to significant decreases in weight (4.3 kg; p < 0.01), total cholesterol (0.72 mmol/L; p = 0.046), and triglycerides (0.53 mmol/L; p = 0.005) with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.10 mmol/L; p = 0.01).Conclusions Implementation of the WFPB diet in this novel pilot program led to weight loss and improvement in biochemical markers of disease. Future studies are needed to implement this model on a larger scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"148-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/32/jlm-12-3-148.PMC9798881.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10520989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Hospital Efficiency in Iran: Insight from an Interrupted Time Series Analysis and Pabon Lasso Model.","authors":"Monireh Mahmoodpour-Azari, Mohammad Hajizadeh, Ali Kazemi-Karyani, Afshar Haidari, Satar Rezaei","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.178","DOIUrl":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited evidence exists on the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on hospital efficiency worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public hospitals in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this quasi-experimental study, monthly data on the average length of stay (ALoS), bed occupancy rate (BOR), bed turnover rate (BTR) and bed turnover interval (BTI) were collected for 58 months (36 months before and 22 months after the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran) from the health information systems of all 18 public hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in Kermanshah province, Iran. We used interrupted time series analysis and the Pabon Lasso model to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The monthly average ALoS, BOR, BTR and BTI before (after) the COVID-19 pandemic was 3.30 (3.48) days, 70.14% (49.37), 6.78 (4.81) patients per bed and 1.15 (2.88) days, respectively. The study indicated that a statistically significant decrease in ALoS of 0.29 and BOR of 25.09 in the first month following the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with the before pandemic period, we observed a significant increase in the monthly trend of ALoS (coefficient = 0.021; p = 0.015), BOR (coefficient = 1.30; p = 0.002), and BTR (coefficient = 0.08, p = 0.012). We found a significant decrease in the monthly trend in BTI (coefficient = -0.11, p = 0.009) after the COVID-19 pandemic when compared with before the pandemic. Based on the Pabon Lasso model, before (after) the pandemic, 29.4% (29.4%) of the hospitals were located in zone 1 as an inefficient area, and 17.6% (35.3%) of hospitals were located in zone 3 as an efficient area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated that the BOR and BTR decreased substantially after the outbreak of COVID-19. In contrast, the ALoS and BTI have significantly increased following the COVID-19 pandemic. We also found that hospitals' performance in both periods was poor, and only 30% of hospitals were located in the efficient zone (zone three) based on the Pabon Lasso model. Further studies aimed at identifying the main factors affecting lower efficiency among hospitals in Iran are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"178-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0f/20/jlm-12-3-178.PMC9798875.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10520988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timed Vibration Sense and Joint Position Sense among Male University Students Experiencing Phantom Vibration Syndrome, Affecting Their Lifestyle.","authors":"Rahul Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Vandana Esht,&nbsp;Aksh Chahal","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vibration dysfunction can cause a number of pathologies in the body, starting with the distal joints and swiftly progressing to proximal joints if not addressed. As a result, it's important to be aware of vibration dysfunction and syndromes like phantom vibration syndrome. The purpose of the following study was to determine if phantom vibration syndrome affects university male students' lifestyles in terms of vibration sensitivity and joint position sense.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross sectional study design with a total of 96 individuals were chosen on the basis of random sampling. Participants were assessed for potential phantom vibrations using a self-structured and validated questionnaire approved by clinical experts. Following the completion of questionnaire, the individuals timed vibration sense and Joint position sense were tested using a tuning fork (128 hz) and a full circle goniometer respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results of the survey, 100% (96) of individuals experienced phantom vibrations, and 97.9% (94) of individuals assume their phone was ringing when it isn't. 56.3 % (54) of people become anxious due to phantom vibrations or ringing of phone. When current study's median value for timed vibration sensation (4 sec) was compared to previous studies, the results were found to be within normal ranges, implying that the phantom vibration syndrome had no physiological influence on timed vibration sense (VBS). In previous studies, the hip joint position sense average absolute error score decreased linearly from the target position. The reproduce angle from the target position reduced overall in the current study, indicating no change in joint position sense in people experiencing phantom vibration syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phantom vibration syndrome effects individual psychologically but not physiologically.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bb/e4/jlm-12-3-171.PMC9798882.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Exercises in Combination with Botulinum Toxin in Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Literature Review.","authors":"Abhishek Sharma,&nbsp;Sakshi Vats,&nbsp;Aksh Chahal","doi":"10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Botulinum Toxin type-A (BoNT-A) is a safe and effective treatment for reducing spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). BoNT-A injection into the muscles alleviate spasticity by interrupting neurotransmission at motor endplate (MEP). Physical activities combined with botulinum injections can help children with CP to become physically independent and improve their health-related quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>'Botulinum toxin' and 'Physical exercises' for children and adolescents, were searched in three major online databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus). Through the inclusion and exclusion processes from total 1,233, nine articles were selected for review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All studies included were experimental trials including various interventions. Botulinum toxins when paired with physical exercises to treat hypertonia, a condition in which a little change in tone can affect a child's balance, strength and motor function, as well as secondary concerns such as malalignment and repair contractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BoNT and physical exercises are two promising therapeutic techniques for treating children with CP that enable them for enhancing use and function of their afflicted limb.</p>","PeriodicalId":73805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lifestyle medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/9e/jlm-12-3-138.PMC9798879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}