Journal of immunological sciences最新文献

{"title":"Commentary: \"Interference of Doxycycline Pretreatment in a Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms\"","authors":"K. Mata","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/6.1155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2018/6.1155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77949970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of a Diagnostic Tool: Galactomannan","authors":"D. Karapınar","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1137","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive fungal infections, including invasive aspergillosis are associated with a high morbidity and mortality especially in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis is often difficult due to several factors such as delay in clinical suspicion and the lack of spesific clinical findings. Galactomannan is a polysaccharide cell wall component of Aspergillus and galactomannan antigen detection has become widely used for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Here, we tried to discuss the diagnostic value of the galactomannan test in the context of literature review. A Review of a Diagnostic Tool: Galactomannan Gulhadiye Avcu1, Deniz Yilmaz Karapinar2* 1Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, 35040 Bornova Izmir, Turkey 2Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Hematology, 35040 Bornova Izmir, Turkey","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78505130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles Epidemiology in Ethiopia from 2006 - 2016: Predictors of High Measles Incidence from Surveillance Data Analysis.","authors":"Teklay K Desta, Ephrem T Lemango, Jimma D Wayess, Balcha G Masresha","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/si.1118","DOIUrl":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/si.1118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ethiopia endorsed the African Regional measles elimination goal and has been implementing the recommended strategies. Measles immunization coverage has been increasing but is still below the target, and measles incidence has remained high.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the measles epidemiology in Ethiopia, identify predictors of high measles incidence in Ethiopia and recommend strategies to achieve the elimination goal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Measles surveillance 2006-2016 data, routine immunization and post measles campaign coverage data was analyzed. We analysed the epidemiology and incidence of measles cases by age, vaccination status, year of occurrence, and geographic area.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>There were 66,719 confirmed cases, out of the 94,104 suspected measles cases reported between January 2006 and December 2016. Measles incidence increased from 20 cases per million total population in 2006 to 194 cases per million in 2015 and declined to 49 per million in 2016. On multiple logistic regression analysis, the median age of measles cases, the 2013 measles Supplemental Immunisation Activity (SIAs) coverage, the 2012 routine immunization coverage, and the proportion of reported under-five measles cases were predictors of very high measles incidence (>240 cases per million in the under-five years age population) in the three-year period following the 2013 measles SIAs implementation (p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ethiopia is not on track to achieve the measles elimination goal of less than 1 case per million population by 2020 with the current pace of elimination efforts. Accumulation of susceptible children due to suboptimal routine measles immunization combined with suboptimal and narrow age-group (9-59 months) measles SIAs resulted in continued measles outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Recommendation: </strong>Ethiopia should scale up the quality and implementation of all the measles elimination strategies, including the introduction of measles second dose and conducting high quality measles SIAs targeting the appropriate age groups as per the measles epidemiology in various parts of the country to accelerate and achieve the 2020 measles elimination goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"122-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83557992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstration of Mosquito Midgut Antigen for the Effective Control of Mosquito Population","authors":"Sabahat Abdullah, S. Rahman, A. Naveed, Pakistan","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1148","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquito-borne diseases can be reduced drastically with the aid of vaccines which provoke mosquitocidal or mosquito-killing effect. The midgut of mosquito performs a fundamental role in the development and the transmission of ailment. Anti-midgut antibodies show the extensive variety of activity, blockading the development of pathogen in various species of mosquitoes. In addition to reducing the egg-laying ability of mosquitoes and survivorship also block the transmission activity of pathogen. Mitsuhashi and Maramorosch media was used to culture the mosquito midgut cells. The cells were formalin inactivated and injected into the rabbits in plain and adjuvanted form to raise hyperimmune serum. The serum was processed for IHA and serum showing high titre were selected for blood feeding assay. The blood from the rabbits was fed to the mosquitos to observe the mosquitocidal effect of the antigen. In blood feeding assay killing of mosquitoes was also observed after regular interval of time. The overall results proved that mosquito midgut contains antigenic peptides that may be able to induce the antibody response. These antigenic peptides somehow irritate digestive mucosa of the mosquitoes on blood feeding and have the potential to kill or reduce the mosquito population.","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74782315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of ω-sites of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchored Proteins","authors":"Yusuke Masuishi, Shota Endo, H. Kasuga, Tomoo Hidaka, T. Kakamu, Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1151","url":null,"abstract":"Unique and complex post-translational modifications are present in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is essential for the expression of several outer membrane proteins on the cell surface. A common GPI anchor structure is constituted by glycan moiety, lipid moiety, phosphate and ethanolamine. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are observed among eukaryotic species. Abnormal GPI anchoring of proteins is thought to cause various diseases such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Recently, many inherited GPI deficiencies (IGDs) have been reported to cause epilepsy, mental retardation, coarse facial features, and multiple organ anomalies. Diseases caused by abnormal GPI anchoring will probably continue to increase, because it is still unknown how many causative genes of IGDs are present. Therefore, in order to study these diseases, the analytical methods of GPI-APs will become important in the future. To date, many methods have been developed for analysis of GPI- APs. In this review, we attempt to summarize the present knowledge about comprehensive analytical methods of GPI-APs and introduce briefly some GPI anchor-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75270791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Approach to A Special Benign Tumor with Regard to its Differential Diagnose Spectrum: Intranodal Palisaded Myofibroblastoma","authors":"Y. Karabulut","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1158","url":null,"abstract":"Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma, also known as “intranodal hemorrhagic spindle cell tumor with amianthoid fibers,” is a benign mesenchymal tumor of the lymph node originating from smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts often with the presence of amianthoid fibers. Ninety-three cases of intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma have been reported in the literatüre since its first description and most of them have the same clinical history “painless firm nodüle”. It is mostly seen in inguinal region there are few cases have been described in other locations. It’s large and important differential diagnostic spectrum makes this tumor special. Pathological Approach to A Special Benign Tumor with Regard to its Differential Diagnose Spectrum: Intranodal Palisaded Myofibroblastoma","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80088999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of The African Vaccine Regulatory Forum (AVAREF) in The Accelerated Clinical Evaluation of Ebola Vaccine Candidates During the Large West Africa Epidemic.","authors":"Bartholomew Dicky Akanmori, David Mukanga, Ahmed Bellah, Tieble Traore, Michael Ward, Richard Mihigo","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/si.1111","DOIUrl":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/si.1111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In emergency situations, clinical trials of new vaccines and therapies in resource-constrained settings place an additional burden on the limited resources of low and middle-income countries. The clinical trials of vaccines against Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Africa presented challenges on how to ensure there was enough capacity for ethics and regulatory reviews and oversight while still allowing for accelerating the clinical evaluations. Using the African Vaccine Regulatory Forum (AVAREF) platform WHO supported African countries to provide ethics and regulatory reviews and oversight, ensuring that these trials were completed in unprecedented shorter timelines than normal, that is, months instead of years. Pathways were defined, external expertise provided and appropriate review models implemented in the countries which hosted these critical studies. This paper discusses the work around the clinical trials, the models of reviews and timelines for clinical trials and highlights the important lessons revealed. More investments are required to monitor safety during clinical trials, strengthen systems for licensure of new products and implement robust post-marketing surveillance, among other components for effective clinical trials before the next pandemic surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"2016 1","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86326451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression, Functions, and Treatment Target of PD-L1 (B7-H1) in Multiple Myeloma","authors":"H. Tamura, M. Ishibashi, Mika Sunakawa, Hidemi Takahashi","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1162","url":null,"abstract":"Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on myeloma cells is induced by JAK2, STAT3, and MEK1/2-mediated interleukin-6 signaling, a strong inducer of PD-L1 interferon-γ produced by T and natural killer cells, and APRIL produced by osteoclasts in the tumor microenvironment. The soluble form of PD-L1, derived from extracellular domains of PD-L1 molecules expressed in the tumor environment, may also contribute to tumor immune evasion. PD-L1-expressing myeloma cells not only have the ability to escape from the attack of tumor-specific T cells but also high proliferation potential. Furthermore, PD-L1 on myeloma cells delivers a reverse signal to tumor cells through PD-1 binding, resulting in the phosphorylation of Akt accompanied by the acquisition of resistance to anti-myeloma agents. Based on the function of PD-L1 in myeloma, the blockade of the PD-1–PD-L1 pathway is a reasonable treatment in refractory patients. Phase I/II clinical trials of anti-PD-1 antibody combined with immunomodulatory drugs demonstrated excellent effects in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients with acceptable tolerability. The timing and combination drug of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies should be considered to improve clinical effects with low mortality in refractory myeloma patients.","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90654815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Evidence Supports the Hypothesis that Neutrophil Extracellular Traps are a Major Factor in Genesis and Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","authors":"A. Obermayer, W. Stoiber, Fikreta Grabcanovic-Musija, Salzburg, Austria","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1161","url":null,"abstract":"Since their discovery about fifteen years ago, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been recognized as an intrinsic part of vertebrate innate immunity and inflammatory response. Consisting of entangled strands of extracellular DNA decorated with histones, elastase, myeloperoxidase and other proteins, NETs entrap and kill pathogens, but are increasingly also found to contribute to acute and chronic inflammatory disease due to their toxicity to host cell and autoimmunity induction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) turned out to be among the major disorders involving overshooting formation of NETs and associated adverse effect. In the present review, we summarize the progress in knowledge on the role of NETs in COPD pathology made since our first reports on this subject. We highlight recent substantial advances and discuss possible cause-and-effect relationships, connections with common comorbidities and interactions with drugs, also to illustrate the importance of NETs as a future diagnostic tool and target for new medication strategies.","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77629385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping Approach to the Detection of Regulated Cell Death Processes","authors":"G. Warnes","doi":"10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2018/5.1159","url":null,"abstract":"The use of the Western Blot technique has been the gold standard to determine protein expression and to semi-quantitate this expression in cell lysates. The recent publication of a flow cytometric immunophenotyping method employing fluorescently labelled antibodies to the intracellular labelling of antigens involved in Regulated Cell Death (RCD) processes has allowed the detection of three of these processes simultaneously which gave clarity to the interpretation of the relationship between apoptosis, RIP1 dependent apoptosis and necroptosis. Flow cytometry can now immunophenotype necroptosis by virtue of the up-regulation of RIP3 with simultaneous estimations of the degree of classic apoptosis (Caspase-3+ve/RIP3ve) and of RIP1-dependent apoptosis (Caspase-3+ve/RIP3+ve) in live and dead cell populations. This approach for detecting multiple forms of cell death has been confirmed by the use of apoptosis and necroptosis blocking agents, zVAD and necrostatin-1 after treatment with etoposide or shikonin which induced apoptosis and necroptosis. The addition of anti-PARP and H2AX antibodies for the detection of parthanatos and DNA damage showed that double negative Caspase-3-ve/RIP3-ve cells detected in a previous study have undergone parthanatos or still display a negative phenotype for any cell death process. A Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping Approach to the Detection of Regulated Cell Death Processes A Vossenkamper1, G Warnes2* 1Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary London University, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK 2Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary London University, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK","PeriodicalId":73785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84245645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}