Khek Tjian Tay, Fei Yee Lee, Wi Han Hiew, Mei Ling Look, Chian Hui Yeoh, Yoke Yeng Leong, Win Lin Chai, Nurfarah Dina Azmi, Cy Oun Teoh
{"title":"Measuring Complexity in Symptom Prevalence and Severity Among Palliative Care Patients Using Patient-Centered Outcome Measures in Real World Setting: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Khek Tjian Tay, Fei Yee Lee, Wi Han Hiew, Mei Ling Look, Chian Hui Yeoh, Yoke Yeng Leong, Win Lin Chai, Nurfarah Dina Azmi, Cy Oun Teoh","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.102","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Palliative care patients experience symptoms and concerns in the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains, which can negatively affect their quality of life. Understanding the prevalence of symptoms and problems is crucial in the face of increasing palliative care needs to tailor individualized patient-centered care plans. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and severity of symptom burden and explore the factors associated with high symptom burden in palliative care patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter cross-sectional study included adult palliative care patients at the beginning of an episode of care across four palliative care units in Malaysia between July and September 2024. Demographic data, functional status, and the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) were extracted from medical records and clinical databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study recruited 405 patients with a mean age of 65.4±14.1 years and a slight predominance of men (53%) and cancer diagnoses (58%). Most patients were in the unstable phase of illness (62%), with 8.5±4.8 symptoms per patient. The most prevalent symptoms/concerns were family anxiety (86%), poor mobility (82%), and lethargy (80%). At least 50% of the patients had ≥5 items with an IPOS score ≥2. Cancer diagnosis (adjusted OR 2.350; 95% CI 1.030, 5.358) and unstable phase (4.272; 1.657, 11.011) were factors associated with severe overall and physical symptom burdens (≥1 item with IPOS score ≥2), after adjusting for other possible confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence and severity of symptoms and concerns among palliative care patients were high, suggesting complex needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 3","pages":"102-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of Cancer-Induced Bone Pain in Hospice and Palliative Care.","authors":"Jae-Woo Lee","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.146","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is one of the most prevalent and disabling symptoms encountered in hospice and palliative care. Bone metastases are particularly common in patients with multiple myeloma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, and may cause continuous background pain, movement-related breakthrough pain, pathologic fracture, malignant spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia of malignancy. CIBP results from a complex interplay of nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic mechanisms driven by tumor-stroma interactions and central sensitization. Effective management requires careful differentiation between continuous background pain and movement-related incident pain. In the hospice setting, treatment must be aligned with the patient's goals of care, with an emphasis on maximizing comfort while minimizing treatment burden. Management should be grounded in systematic assessment and the WHO analgesic ladder, while recognizing that many hospice patients require early initiation of strong opioids, opioid rotation, rescue dosing, and selected adjuvant analgesics such as corticosteroids, gabapentinoids, and ketamine. Bone-modifying agents, including zoledronic acid and denosumab, can reduce skeletal-related events. A patient-centered, interdisciplinary approach, informed by the concept of \"total pain,\" remains the cornerstone of effective bone pain management at the end of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 3","pages":"146-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyunok Yun, Shinyoung Kwon, Jieun Choi, Dae-Kyun Kim
{"title":"Preliminary Bereaved Family Satisfaction Questionnaire for Hospice Care: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility and Acceptability Study.","authors":"Hyunok Yun, Shinyoung Kwon, Jieun Choi, Dae-Kyun Kim","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.113","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to develop a preliminary hospice bereaved-family satisfaction questionnaire that captures families' experiences and is comprehensible to respondents and to assess its feasibility and acceptability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design guided by the COSMIN framework was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with bereaved family members (n=12) to identify key areas for evaluation. A draft item pool was developed by integrating these areas with existing experience-assessment tools and refined through two Delphi rounds with hospice experts (n=20) and a comprehensibility review. A multi-institutional pilot survey assessed feasibility (completion time and item-level missing data) and preliminary measurement properties (item distributions and internal consistency).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Qualitative analysis identified four overarching categories choice of hospice and palliative care services; experience with hospice and palliative care (satisfaction and unmet needs); end-of-life preparation and post-bereavement experience; and experience with previous satisfaction surveys. In the second Delphi round, all items met the content-validity threshold (CVR ≥0.42) for importance and appropriateness. Service-specific questionnaires comprised 25 items each for inpatient and home hospices and 23 items for consultative hospices. Item-level missingness was low, the mean completion time ranged from 10~12 minutes, and the inpatient version showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable content validity and feasibility in the Korean hospice context. A large-scale validation of the factor structure, criterion validity, and other measurement properties is required before nationwide use in quality monitoring and policy evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 3","pages":"113-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Digital Technology in Palliative Care in Japan.","authors":"Kazuyuki Niki","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.61","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To provide a comprehensive overview of the use of digital technology in palliative care, focusing on its potential and challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review of recent literature and clinical applications in Japan was conducted by examining smartphone applications, extended reality (XR), electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO), non-wearable sensors, and artificial intelligence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Smartphone applications provide continuous psychological support and alleviate loneliness. XR (mainly virtual reality) offers distraction therapy for symptom relief and fulfills patients' \"last wishes.\" ePRO systems and non-wearable bed sensors enable proactive care through real-time symptom and agitation monitoring. AI assists in predicting non-visible symptoms and formulating personalized care plans. Despite these benefits, challenges such as the digital divide, ethical and legal concerns, and the need for high-quality evidence remain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Digital technologies can significantly enhance non-pharmacological interventions in palliative care. Realizing \"personalized digital palliative care\" requires the integration of these tools according to individual patient needs, along with the resolution of ethical and technical issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 3","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family Caregiving and Psychosocial Support in Hospice and Palliative Care: A Social Work Perspective.","authors":"Jung-Won Lim","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.139","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Family caregiving and psychosocial support are essential components of high-quality hospice and palliative care. This review examined family caregiving and psychosocial support in hospice and palliative care from a social work perspective. Specifically, it reviewed the current evidence on family caregiving and psychosocial interventions for family caregivers, re-examined the evolving role of hospice social workers, and discussed implications for future research, practice, and policy in hospice social work. Evidence has indicated that psychosocial interventions effectively reduce caregivers' psychological distress, depression, and anxiety while improving their quality of life and family communication. However, caregiving burden remains a multidimensional challenge that cannot be adequately addressed through psychosocial interventions alone, highlighting the need for structural and community-based support. The review also found that hospice social workers are key providers of psychosocial counseling, caregiving burden assessment, resource coordination, communication facilitation, and decision-making support. Nevertheless, role ambiguity, workforce shortages, and limited institutional recognition remain significant barriers to the delivery of comprehensive family-centered hospice care. Strengthening the evidence base for hospice social work will not only enhance the professional recognition of hospice social workers but also improve the quality of hospice and palliative care by advancing comprehensive patient- and family-centered care.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 3","pages":"139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Influencing Burnout Among Hospice Nurses: Focusing on Humanistic Knowledge, Nursing Workplace Spirituality, and Professional Self-Concept.","authors":"Ye Hyun An, Kyoung-Mi Kim","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.126","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to identify the factors affecting burnout among hospice nurses and provide the basic data necessary for developing an effective and sustainable burnout management program for hospice ward nurses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were 147 nurses who had worked for more than 3 months in hospice wards at hospitals or higher, or at inpatient hospices and palliative care institutions located in G province and B, U, and C cities. The data were collected from January 15, 2025, to March 15, 2025, using a structured questionnaire. They were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0 with descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The factors affecting participating nurses' burnout were professional self-concept (β=-0.54, P<0.01), age (β=-0.16, P=0.01), and nursing workplace spirituality (β=-0.19, P=0.01). The total explanatory power of these variables for burnout was 52.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is necessary to develop and implement a burnout management program that includes content that improves professional self-concept and nursing workplace spirituality. Additionally, burnout among hospice ward nurses should be actively managed using a customized approach that considers burnout patterns according to age.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 3","pages":"126-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeonghee Ahn, Sunhee Choi, Minji Suh, Younghwa Im, Ahreum Song, Daun Jeong, Sungsil Hong
{"title":"An Art Therapy Workbook for Pediatric Patients with Cancer Receiving Palliative Care: Program Design and Effects.","authors":"Jeonghee Ahn, Sunhee Choi, Minji Suh, Younghwa Im, Ahreum Song, Daun Jeong, Sungsil Hong","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.88","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.88","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to develop an art therapy workbook for pediatric patients with cancer receiving palliative care and evaluate its effects on anxiety and stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was employed. The art therapy workbook comprised six sessions structured along a sequence of introduction, emotional expression, and discovery of hope. Participants were pediatric patients with cancer receiving palliative care at S Hospital, affiliated with C University; data from 14 patients who completed at least five of the six sessions were analyzed. Anxiety and stress were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and stress-coping ability was assessed using the Person-in-the-Rain (PITR) drawing test. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following application of the workbook, participants' anxiety (Z=-3.20, P<0.01) and stress (Z=-3.07, P<0.01) scores decreased significantly. Although the change in PITR scores was not statistically significant (Z=-0.81, P=0.42), counseling and drawing analyses confirmed that the children externalized helplessness and negative emotions associated with the illness and experienced positive psychological changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The art therapy workbook was confirmed as a useful intervention for reducing anxiety and stress in pediatric patients with cancer receiving palliative care. As a flexible program that enables children with substantial physical limitations to express their emotions safely, it may serve as a psychosocial intervention model for children diagnosed with various illnesses in both clinical and home settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 3","pages":"88-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making Home-Based End-of-Life Care a Realistic Choice: A Narrative Review of Linkages Between Community Care and Specialized Hospice Institutions in South Korea.","authors":"So-Hi Kwon","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.66","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This narrative review examined how current service structures shape the feasibility of home-based end-of-life care in South Korea and identified the linkage functions required to connect community-based care with specialized hospice institutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Empirical studies, national policy documents, service guidelines, hospice and palliative care reports, and relevant international models were narratively synthesized. The review focused on place of death, home-based services, family caregiving, regional disparities, and linkages between community-based care and specialized hospice institutions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four interrelated themes were identified. First, the gap between preferred and actual place of death reflects a system-level issue rather than individual preference alone. Second, existing home-based services contribute unevenly to end-of-life care because they operate under separate legal, financial, and organizational arrangements. Third, linkage failures become visible at transition points, including discharge home, worsening symptoms, caregiver exhaustion, emergency transfer, and anticipated death at home. Fourth, feasible home-based end-of-life care requires linkage functions such as needs-based identification, regional referral and consultation networks, shared care planning, caregiver support, urgent response, and clarified procedures for expected death at home.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Home-based end-of-life care requires a coordinated regional linkage system connecting specialized hospice institutions with community-based services.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 3","pages":"66-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Use of Hospice Care and Timing of Its Initiation: Comparing Single and Combined Hospice Users Among Korean Adult Cancer Decedents.","authors":"Ohk Kyeong Min, Kyunghee Chae, Hyunjong Song","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.76","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.3.76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the use of single and combined hospice care and timing of hospice initiation, thereby providing a basis for improving the continuity and quality of hospice care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Statistics on cancer-related deaths in 2019 from Statistics Korea and administrative data from the National Health Insurance Service were obtained. Multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with combined (versus single) hospice use and the timing of hospice initiation before death, based on Andersen's model, among 19,334 patients who used hospice care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 18.7% used combined hospice care. Factors associated with the utilization of combined hospice care were gender, income, residential area, location of the primary medical institution, type of the primary medical institution, whether the primary medical institution and residential area were in the same location, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and primary cancer type. Combined hospice users initiated hospice care 25.7 days earlier than single hospice users. Patients who initiated hospice care early were in their 60s, resided in a capital city, used medical institutions located in urban areas and designated as hospice-specialized institutions, had CCI ≥2, and were diagnosed with prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To improve accessibility to combined hospice care for patients with terminal cancer in Korea, care should be provided equitably based on patients' disease status and region of residence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 3","pages":"76-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"End-of-Life Care Preparedness, Importance, Performance, and Educational Needs of Care Workers for Integrated Care Support.","authors":"Jae Eun Yu, Ju Young Park, Young Gil Jeong","doi":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.2.27","DOIUrl":"10.14475/jhpc.2026.29.2.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the levels of end-of-life care preparedness, importance, performance, and educational needs among community-based home care workers and identified factors influencing end-of-life care performance to inform hospice/end-of-life care education programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a descriptive, correlational design. The participants were 152 community-based home care workers with at least 6 months of work experience. Data were collected using structured questionnaires that assessed end-of-life care preparedness, importance, performance, and educational needs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, importance-performance analysis (IPA), and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 29.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, end-of-life care performance was significantly lower than its perceived importance (t=14.41, P< 0.001), with the largest gaps observed in the caregiving support and emotional support domains. In the IPA, multiple items related to death preparation for patients/families, spiritual/emotional support, and care around the time of death fell into the low-importance/low-performance quadrant. Educational needs positively correlated with importance, intention, confidence, preparedness, and performance. In hierarchical regression, preparedness (β=0.21, P=0.03) and importance (β=0.26, P<0.001) significantly predicted performance, explaining 15% of variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>End-of-life care performance among home care workers was influenced by psychological factors, including preparedness, importance, and confidence in end-of-life care, as well as institutional and environmental factors. Standardized educational programs and organizational support are required to improve the quality of community-based end-of-life care.</p>","PeriodicalId":73780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospice and palliative care","volume":"29 2","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13250402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}