Journal of extreme events最新文献_第4页

Life in Anticipation of the COVID-19 Pandemic ‘Peak’: Reflecting on ‘Strategies’ for and Variations in attempts at ‘Flattening the Curve’ and Managing the Crisis 预期新冠肺炎大流行“高峰”的生活：反思“拉平曲线”和管理危机的“策略”和变化

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1142/s2345737621500160

Reidar Staupe-Delgado

{"title":"Life in Anticipation of the COVID-19 Pandemic ‘Peak’: Reflecting on ‘Strategies’ for and Variations in attempts at ‘Flattening the Curve’ and Managing the Crisis","authors":"Reidar Staupe-Delgado","doi":"10.1142/s2345737621500160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737621500160","url":null,"abstract":"On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the emerging COVID-19 threat a pandemic following the global spread of the virus. As countries around the world implemented emergency measures in a concerted effort to handle the emerging pandemic, the nature and implications of the different kinds of precautionary measures adopted have remained contested. The majority of countries opted for efforts to slow the rate of infection, whilst critics have argued for stricter and milder measures, respectively. The living experience of the pandemic is inherently temporal as it is shaped by sentiments of living in anticipation of the envisioned pandemic peak(s) and aftermath, as vividly illustrated with references to the need for ‘flattening the curve’ so as to reduce the impact of the looming or creeping crisis. This paper sets out to critically discuss the notion of pandemic ‘strategies’, recognizing also that governments altered their strategic stances throughout the initial phase of the pandemic. It is likely that the aftermath of the crisis will trigger discussions of what kind of response should be considered as best practice. Thus, greater attention to the notion of ‘strategies’ in light of the COVID-19 pandemic is in order.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48109857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

COVID-19 in Three Global Cities: Comparing Impacts and Outcomes 新冠肺炎在全球三个城市的影响和结果比较

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.1142/S2345737621500135

P. Marcotullio, M. Schmeltz

引用次数: 2

High-Frequency Mixed Rossby-Gravity Waves in the Mid-Troposphere Triggered Kerala Floods of 2018 对流层中高频混合罗斯-重力波引发了2018年喀拉拉邦的洪水

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1142/S2345737621500147

S. Kiran

引用次数: 2

Compounding Risks Caused by Heat Exposure and COVID-19 in New York City: A Review of Policies, Tools, and Pilot Survey Results. 纽约市高温暴露和COVID-19造成的风险加剧:政策、工具和试点调查结果综述。

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S2345737621500159

Jennifer Bock, Palak Srivastava, Sonal Jessel, Jacqueline M Klopp, Robbie M Parks

{"title":"Compounding Risks Caused by Heat Exposure and COVID-19 in New York City: A Review of Policies, Tools, and Pilot Survey Results.","authors":"Jennifer Bock, Palak Srivastava, Sonal Jessel, Jacqueline M Klopp, Robbie M Parks","doi":"10.1142/S2345737621500159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2345737621500159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed many social, economic, environmental, and healthcare determinants of health in New York City (NYC) and worldwide. COVID-19 potentially heightened the risk of heat-related health impacts in NYC, particularly on the most vulnerable communities, who often lack equitable access to adequate cooling mechanisms such as air conditioning (AC) and good quality green space. Here, we review some of the policies and tools which have been developed to reduce vulnerability to heat in NYC. We then present results from an online pilot survey of members of the environmental justice organization WE ACT for Environmental Justice (WE ACT) between July 11 and August 8, 2020, which asked questions to evaluate how those in Northern Manhattan coped with elevated summer heat in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also make some policy recommendations based on our initial findings. Results of our pilot survey suggest that people stayed indoors more due to COVID-19 and relied more on AC units to stay cool. Survey responses also indicated that some avoided visiting green spaces due to concerns around overcrowding and did not regularly frequent them due to the distance from their homes. The responses also demonstrate a potential racial disparity in AC access; AC ownership and access was highest amongst white and lowest amongst Latino/a/x and Black respondents. The impacts of COVID-19 have highlighted the need to accelerate efforts to improve preparedness for extreme heat like the City of New York's AC and cooling center programs, heat ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) retrofitting, equitable green space expansion, and stronger environmental justice community networks and feedback mechanisms to hear from affected residents. Conducting a survey of this kind annually may provide an additional effective component of evaluating cooling initiatives in NYC.</p>","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9036680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10007104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Rapid Research and Assessment on COVID-19 and Climate in New York City 新冠肺炎与纽约市气候的快速研究与评估

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2021-05-14 DOI: 10.1142/S234573762150010X

Nora I. Kyrkjebo, A. Parris, J. Barnes, Illya Azaroff, D. Balk, A. Baptista, C. Braneon, William Calabrese, T. Codrington, Jessica Colon, F. Gandhi, Maureen George, P. Groffman, Justin Gundlach, R. Carr, N. Holt, R. Horton, Arthee Jahangir, Bobuchi Ken-Opurum, K. Knowlton, R. Leichenko, N. Maher, P. Marcotullio, T. Matte, K. McComas, S. McKay, T. McPhearson, R. Moss, Guy J. P. Nordenson, Thaddeus Pawlowski, Nicholas Rajkovich, K. Reed, Laurie Schoeman, Johnna K. Shapiro, Danielle H. Spiegel-Feld, J. Tchen, J. Towers, Gernot Wagner

{"title":"Rapid Research and Assessment on COVID-19 and Climate in New York City","authors":"Nora I. Kyrkjebo, A. Parris, J. Barnes, Illya Azaroff, D. Balk, A. Baptista, C. Braneon, William Calabrese, T. Codrington, Jessica Colon, F. Gandhi, Maureen George, P. Groffman, Justin Gundlach, R. Carr, N. Holt, R. Horton, Arthee Jahangir, Bobuchi Ken-Opurum, K. Knowlton, R. Leichenko, N. Maher, P. Marcotullio, T. Matte, K. McComas, S. McKay, T. McPhearson, R. Moss, Guy J. P. Nordenson, Thaddeus Pawlowski, Nicholas Rajkovich, K. Reed, Laurie Schoeman, Johnna K. Shapiro, Danielle H. Spiegel-Feld, J. Tchen, J. Towers, Gernot Wagner","doi":"10.1142/S234573762150010X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S234573762150010X","url":null,"abstract":"In May 2020, the New York City (NYC) Mayor’s Office of Climate Resiliency (MOCR) began convening bi-weekly discussions, called the Rapid Research and Assessment (RRA) Series, between City staff and external experts in science, policy, design, engineering, communications, and planning. The goal was to rapidly develop authoritative, actionable information to help integrate resiliency into the City’s COVID response efforts. The situation in NYC is not uncommon. Extreme events often require government officials, practitioners, and citizens to call upon multiple forms of scientific and technical assistance from rapid data collection to expert elicitation, each spanning more or less involved engagement. We compare the RRA to similar rapid assessment efforts and reflect on the nature of the RRA and similar efforts to exchange and co-produce knowledge. The RRA took up topics on social cohesion, risk communication, resilient and healthy buildings, and engagement, in many cases strengthening confidence in what was already known but also refining the existing knowledge in ways that can be helpful as the pandemic unfolds. Researchers also learned from each other ways to be supportive of the City of New York and MOCR in the future. The RRA network will continue to deepen, continue to co-produce actionable climate knowledge, and continue to value organizational sensemaking as a usable climate service, particularly in highly uncertain times. Given the complex, rare, and, in many cases, unfamiliar context of COVID-19, we argue that organizational sensemaking is a usable climate service.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45442187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Urban Planning and Human Development: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Reveals the Linkage 城市规划与人类发展:2019冠状病毒病大流行如何揭示两者之间的联系

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2021-05-06 DOI: 10.1142/S2345737621500093

J. Moon, M. Kwartler

{"title":"Urban Planning and Human Development: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Reveals the Linkage","authors":"J. Moon, M. Kwartler","doi":"10.1142/S2345737621500093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2345737621500093","url":null,"abstract":"The onset and aftermath of COVID-19 can be understood as an extreme event within the context of New York City, in terms of urban planning and design, public health, and the cross-section of the two. Over the course of a few months since early March, 2020, infection rates, illness, hospitalizations, and deaths from COVID-19 swept through New York rapidly. It also became apparent early on that people were not being exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus equally, nor was COVID-19 spreading over a level-playing field. In this commentary, we examine what role COVID-19 played in a “social biopsy” of long-standing structural inequity in New York City, to reveal a deep, metastasizing tumor underneath the extreme wealth. We tell the story of the historical context in low-income public and non-profit housing and urban planning in New York City leading up to the pandemic’s outbreak, how the structural inequity was built into place over time by design, how the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted our understanding of equitable and sustainable New York City for New Yorkers, and ways that the pandemic has reinforced our individual and collective sense of uncertainty in the future and distrust in a common good. We then discuss how we can recover, restore and rebuild from the urban planning and public health perspectives, for New York City and beyond. Rebuilding will require reimagining a new normal, and we suggest unique but tried-and-true, complementary and collaborative roles for community stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41800504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 in New York City as an Extreme Event: The Disruption and Resumption of the Global City 新冠肺炎在纽约的极端事件：全球城市的颠覆与复苏

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/S2345737621500032

Steven Cohen

引用次数: 0

Covid-19 Thrives in Larger Cities, Not Denser Ones 新冠肺炎在更大的城市而不是更密集的城市蓬勃发展

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3672321

S. Angel, Alejandro M. Blei

{"title":"Covid-19 Thrives in Larger Cities, Not Denser Ones","authors":"S. Angel, Alejandro M. Blei","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3672321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3672321","url":null,"abstract":"The findings introduced in this longitudinal study of cumulative Covid-19 cases and deaths are based on reported data for 384 US Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) for 20 weeks, starting on March 6, 2020 and ending on July 23, 2020. We look at the variation in the 7-day averages of the cumulative numbers of reported cases and deaths in each city at the end of every week as a function of its total population, its ‘urbanized area,’ and its average population density (the ratio of its population and its urbanized area). We find that during the last 10 weeks, the numbers have tended to converge: (1) a city with double the population of a smaller one can be expected to have 17 percent more cases per capita and 28 percent more deaths per capita than the smaller city; (2) a city with double the urbanized area of a smaller one can be expected to have 19 percent more cases per capita and 38 percent more deaths per capita than the smaller city; and, finally, (3) a city with double the population density of a smaller one can be expected to have 4.1 percent fewer cases per capita and 7.4 percent fewer deaths per capita than the smaller city. Larger cities have more than their share of cases and deaths in part because the larger the city, the larger the number of possible interactions among its inhabitants. And it is this larger number, rather than the overall average proximity of people to each other — expressed by the average density in the city — that accounts for that larger share. In fact, when it pertains to Covid-19 cases and deaths, denser metropolitan areas appear to be better able to contain their numbers than more spread out ones.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49644025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Policy Nook: Heat Waves as Hurricanes: A Comment 政策角:热浪作为飓风:评论

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2345737620710013

B. Stone

引用次数: 2

Planning for Extreme Heat: A Review 极端高温规划：综述

Journal of extreme events Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2345737620500037

L. Keith, Sara Meerow, Tess Wagner

{"title":"Planning for Extreme Heat: A Review","authors":"L. Keith, Sara Meerow, Tess Wagner","doi":"10.1142/s2345737620500037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737620500037","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme heat is a growing concern for cities, with both climate change and the urban heat island (UHI) effect increasingly impacting public health, economies, urban infrastructure, and urban ecology. To better understand the current state of planning for extreme heat, we conducted a systematic literature review. We found that most of the research focuses on UHI mapping and modeling, while few studies delve into extreme heat planning and governance processes. An in-depth review of this literature reveals common institutional, policy, and informational barriers and strategies for overcoming them. Identified challenges include siloed heat governance and research that limit cross-governmental and interdisciplinary collaboration; complex, context-specific, and diverse heat resilience strategies; the need to combine extreme heat “risk management” strategies (focused on preparing and responding to extreme heat events) and “design of the built environment” strategies (spatial planning and design interventions that intentionally reduce urban temperatures); and the need for extensive, multidisciplinary data and tools that are often not readily available. These challenges point to several avenues for future heat planning research. Ultimately, we argue that planners have an important role to play in building heat resilience and conclude by identifying areas where scholars and practitioners can work together to advance our understanding of extreme heat planning.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/s2345737620500037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46738174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29