Journal of environmental science and public health最新文献

{"title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Central African Region: A Review of their Mass Treatment Coverage","authors":"F. Wirsiy, D. Ako-Arrey, P. Njukeng","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120063","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are the most common conditions affecting the poorest 600 million people living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) of which the Central African region is part and parcel, and together produce a burden of disease that may be equivalent to one-half of SSA’s malaria disease burden and more than double that caused by tuberculosis. Establishing specific information on the mass treatment coverage would provide a basis for prioritizing control strategies as a means to address the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The objective of this review was to determine the mass treatment coverage trend resulting from 5 NTDs amenable to mass treatment in the Central African region.   Methods: A search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Uniting to Combat NTDs, Cochrane Library, African Journals Online, MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar with the following Keywords: “Neglected Tropical Diseases”, “Mass Treatment Coverage”, “Control”, “Elimination”, “Lymphatic filariasis”, “Onchocerciasis”, “Schistosomiasis”, “Soil-transmitted helminthiases”, “Trachoma was conducted, with the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), with specific diseases listed as 5 NTDs amenable to mass treatment per Central Africa region country. Studies to assess the mass treatment coverage resulting from 5 NTDs amenable to treatment in Central Africa as the primary outcome variable, were included. Our search was limited to, articles published from the year 2013 to 2018 (A 5 years review) in English and French. The search identified a total of 140 articles amongst which 10 data-based reports and 5 original articles met the inclusion criteria to give a total of 15 papers that were considered.   Results: Our review shows that, in the Central African region, Cameroon has the highest mass treatment coverage index (58/100) for 5 NTDs while Rwanda, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe had mass treatment coverage indexes of 3/100, 1/100, 0/100, 0/100 respectively indicating the need for coordinated action in filling the missing gaps. Also, in the Central African region; over 66 million people received NTD treatment and those who didn’t receive NTD treatment were over 27 million.     Conclusion: There is a need for more data on progress made in reaching people in need of NTD Mass treatment. The way forward paradigm in achieving the control and elimination of NTDs amenable to mass treatment in Central African countries will be to establish, and sustain a task force on NTDs at the African Union, set up a sustainable fund for neglected tropical diseases at the Africa Union, Regularly monitor and report on progress on neglected tropical diseases while recognizing and celebrating countries as they achieve elimination goals. Equally, operational studies on assessing the rate and impact of NTDs mass treatment coverage in the Central African region should be carried out.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Qualitative Assessment of the Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Adolescents living with HIV in the Centre Region of Cameroon","authors":"A. Ketchaji, H. Ngouakam, F. Assah, Alexandre Ndjalla, F. Monebenimp, N. Marcelin","doi":"10.26502/JESPH.96120067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/JESPH.96120067","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is known to be challenging among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS, meanwhile it is the key to success for ART programmes. In Cameroon, although a few researchers have investigated on the quantitative aspects of adherence among adolescents, less is known about qualitative information. This study aimed at investigating the key factors that contribute to ART adherence for adolescents living with HIV in the Centre Region of Cameroon.   Methods: The study was conducted in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Adolescents on ART with disclosed status was recruited from health facilities. Six focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted with 56 adolescents both girls and boys aged more than 15. In addition, 3 FGD with 34 parents/guardians and 10 individual in-depth interviews with health care providers were all conducted between the months of June and September 2018.   Results: A total of 56 adolescents, 34 parents and 10 health care providers were approached for participation. Results showed that a range of factors related to the individual, family, environment, medication and health system levels determine the reasons for poor adherence to ART among adolescents living with HIV. In fact, most adolescents mentioned in this study that compliance with medicine intake is seen as a punishment or drudgery.     Conclusion: In supporting adherence to ART, it would be important to develop approaches that facilitate and help adolescents to adequately comply to medication intake like the creation of discussion groups through phone messages and WhatsApp for the sharing of experiences and for mutual support. A multi-sectorial approach would also be needed to address this issue.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risky Sexual Behaviours among School-going Adolescent in Malaysia-Findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017","authors":"Noor Aliza Lodz, Mohd Hatta Abd Mutalip, Mohd Amierul Fikri Mahmud, Maria Awaluddin S, N. Yoep, F. Paiwai, Mohd Hazrin Hashim, Maisarah Omar, Noraida Mohamad Kasim, Noor Ani Ahmad","doi":"10.26502/JESPH.96120059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/JESPH.96120059","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual activities among adolescents poses to sexually transmitted infection (STI) and also unintended pregnancies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of risky sexual activities among school going adolescent in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study with a total of 27,497 secondary school students was done in March-April 2017. A self-administered structured and validated questionnaire was given to answer. The prevalence of ever had sex among adolescents in Malaysia was 7.3% and mostly among males and Indians. The associated factors to sexual activity among adolescents include ever used drugs with aOR=10.201 and ever smoked aOR=1.628. Among those who ever had sex, 87.3% did not use condom, 16.6% had multiple sexual partners and 31.7% had sex before the age of 14 years. The risky sexual behaviours are relatively high among these adolescents. Sexual health educations and programmes in school is vital to prevent any sexual-health related issues among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ambient Air Pollution on Glutathione-S-Transferase Polymorphism Genes-Meta-Analysis","authors":"Sagbo H. Firmin, Lawin Hervé, A. Eugénie, M. Atindehou, C. F. Boris, S. Ambaliou, Ayi-Fanou Lucie","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120075","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) plays an important role in the detoxication mechanism of our organism but the homozygous deletion of these genes leads to the reduction or suppression of its activity. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of pollution on GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. Methods: Ten publications out of two thousand six hundred fifty nine were consulted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid and the European Journal of Medical Research which related to this topic. All abstracts and publications have been taken into account without restriction of languages. The t-test was used to compare the data of the selected articles. Results: The overall analysis of the data shows that the null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype was observed at a higher frequency in the exposed subjects compared to control. Two studies reported that pollution has very significant effects on GSTM1 and GSTT1 but the others studies have shown no significant difference. Conclusion: Ambient air pollution has a negative impact on the expression of GST polymorphism as the deletion which could depend of type of pollutants and population. It would be interesting to conduct others studies to improve our knowledge in individual susceptibility according to the type of population and pollutants.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiology Community Structure in Bioaerosols and the Respiratory Diseases","authors":"Cai Jiayu, Ren Qiaoqiao, Chen Feilong, Lidan Chen, Wu Jiguo, Wu Zhendong, Chen Lingyun, Rongzhen Liu, Zhang Guoxia","doi":"10.26502/JESPH.96120068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/JESPH.96120068","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaerosols are crucial indicators of air pollution and play an instrumental role as risk factors when it comes to the adverse health outcome. Bioaerosols are not self-contained pollutant, but a mixture of different compounds, including bacteria, fungi and virus, etc. While several reviews have focused on the health effect of its single component such as bacteria or fungi on public health, there is a dearth of the review studies community structure of bioaerosols and their impact on physiological change, especially the change in lunge function. Herein, this review sheds a light on community structure in different functional areas, clarifying its relevant risk to public health where respiratory diseases, including coughing, runny nose, irritated eyes or throat, allergic rhinitis, aggravation of asthma and fatigue as well as some infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and Legionnaire’s Disease, are particular elaborated. This review will provide some information to adopt accurate and effective control under the circumstances where the medical burden attributes to bioaerosols exposure is spiraling beyond expectation.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Exposure to Heavy Metal Contaminated Rice and Health Risk to the Population of Monrovia","authors":"Lenn G Gomah, R. S. Ngumbu, R. Voegborlo","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120077","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the exposure of the population of Monrovia to Heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury and Nickel) through the consumption of rice and the health risk posed. A total of forty one (41) imported and nineteen (19) locally cultivated rice samples were collected from major markets in Monrovia. A mixture of nitric, per chloric and sulfuric acids were used for complete digestion of the samples and the levels of the metals were determined using ICP-MS and AAS techniques. Dietary exposure of the consumers to the metals was assessed by comparing the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) to the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) of the metals, and the potential non-carcinogenic health risk was assessed using Hazard Quotients and Hazard Indices. Carcinogenic health risk from Arsenic was assessed by using Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk values. Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk values were less than the US EPA threshold value of 1.00E-04. Hazard Quotients and Hazard Indices for all the metals were less than US EPA permissible value of 1; suggesting that the consumption of the products constitute no potential individual or combined health risk to the population with regards to the tested metals. Although the current levels of heavy metals in the products are negligible, regular monitoring of contaminant levels is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory and Practice in Convergence of Revisions of Marine Functional Zoning at Provincial and Municipal Levels: A Case Study of Revision of Putian Marine Functional Zoning in China","authors":"Faming Huang, Yan-Yao Lin, Rongrong Zhao","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120062","url":null,"abstract":"Marine spatial planning (MSP) promotes the realization of marine ecosystem-based ocean management by regulating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in the oceans and coastal areas. Marine functional zoning (MFZ), as an implementation form of marine spatial planning in China, is one of the three major systems defined in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Sea Areas. Due to most of the advanced maritime countries in the world adopts “bottom-up management”. The upper level of these countries only plays a strategic and policy guide to the lower level, there was no outstanding the contradiction between the upper and lower levels. However, China adopts an “up-bottom management”, and the upper level has clear constraints and restrictions on the lower level. As a result, there are problems in the process of compiling the marine functional zones in different levels, such as inflexible boundary convergence, single spatial function planning, and unreasonable allocation of control indicators. Therefore, in the process of formulating and implementing MFZ, how to make a good convergence between provincial and municipal levels of MFZ, which had become a pressing problem. This paper studies and discusses the three aspects of the convergence of control boundaries, compatibility of different functions, and the allocation of control indicators in the marine functional zones. It proposed a solution for the convergence between provincial and municipal levels of MFZ, and applied it to the revision and practice of MFZ in Putian, China. The results shown that the research program for the convergence of control boundaries, compatibility of dominant and auxiliary functions in marine functional zones and the allocation of control indicators of provincial and municipal levels in the marine functional zones could realize the effective and reasonable convergence between provincial and municipal levels of MFZ revision. The research results would provide a reference for the revision of provincial and municipal levels of MFZ in other regions of China and the convergence of different levels of MSP in other countries.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Conditions of High Concentrations of Indoor Air Pollutants and Prevalence of ARIs in Children under 5 Years of Age, in Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso","authors":"Kafando Benoit, Savadogo Paul Windinpsidi, M. Tiéba, S. Adama, Sanon Sandrine, Kouanda Seni, S. Blaise","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120065","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to PM2.5 in indoor air can cause respiratory infections. In Ouagadougou, concentrations of PM2.5 produced in households using biomass were found to be very high by WHO standards (25 μg/m3 for 24 hours). The objective of this study was to highlight the effect of exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 emitted during cooking on the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under 5 years of age. This was a case-control study that took place from 16 September to 15 October 2018 in sector 15 of Ouagadougou. The sample size was 125 cases and 250 controls. Data collection was carried out using a grid, by two nurses, at the CSPS in sector 15 and in households. The cases were children diagnosed with ARI and the controls were children diagnosed with a diagnosis other than ARI. The data were entered using Epi data software and analyzed using Stata 12. The associations were expressed in Odds ratios and their confidence intervals were estimated at 95%. The results showed that the use of biomass in indoor kitchens in residential buildings was linked to the occurrence of ARI in children under the age of 5. Living in a house with several bedrooms was a protective factor. This would be explained by the better ventilation within these households.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Employee use of Personal Protective Equipment, the Case of Spedag Interfreight Uganda Limited, Kampala","authors":"Mildred Ayikoru, Christopher Ddamulira, David Mutekanga","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120073","url":null,"abstract":"In organizations where neglect of safety gears is common, there are high risks of work-related accidents which can be catastrophic. It is against this backdrop that this study was conducted to assess the determinants of use of personal protective equipment (PPE) at the global interfreight clearance agency SPEDAG based at their premises in Kampala, Uganda. Specifically the study was to establish the level of utilization and the determinants for use of such PPE. The study collected quantitative data using questionnaires from a random sample and qualitative data from purposively selected members of top management (Key informants). The results show a relatively high level (70.1%) use of PPEs, a high positive attitude (95%) towards PPE use and a high (95%) availability of guidelines or policies regarding use of PPEs. The results show that the use of the PPE is taken as pertinent and necessary among the employees. These results were confirmed by the qualitative results from the key informants. The authors concluded that continuous sensitization and sustained availability of guidelines and policies must be strongly supported to maximize use of PPEs. The major recommendation is that policy makers in consultation with work safety practitioners should design policies that are sensitive to the perceptions of the users for effective improved use of PPE.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Associated With Malaria Mortality in Tshwane District, South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2011-2014","authors":"Mphaka Mr, M Moshime, Tsilo Lc, C. Reddy","doi":"10.26502/jesph.96120064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jesph.96120064","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tshwane District in Gauteng Province identifies malaria cases from endemic provinces and neighbouring countries as well as Odyssean malaria cases. Objectives: To assess changes in malaria morbidity and mortality and to determine risk factors associated with malaria mortality in Tshwane District during 2011-2014.  Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using malaria surveillance data collected by the Communicable Disease Control Directorate in Tshwane district over a period of four years. Only laboratory confirmed cases were enrolled in the study. Secondary death audits were reviewed. Logistic regression determined risk factors associated with malaria mortality.  Results: During 2011-2014, 964 cases were identified. Of these, the median age was 28 years (range: 4 months to 79 years), 71.7% (n=691) were males. The majority of cases, 96.6% (n=931), had travelled to malaria endemic areas within South Africa and neighbouring countries. Of those who travelled to endemic malaria provinces in South Africa, 62.5% (40/64) went to Limpopo. Malaria cases decreased from 333 in 2011 to 229 in 2014. There were 20 deaths (2.1%) and 19 (2.0%) Odyssean malaria cases. Age, gender and malaria season were not associated with mortality. History of travel to a malaria endemic area was a protective factor for mortality (aOR 0.2, 95%CI: 0.36 to 0.78, p=0.021). Conclusion: In this non-endemic district, a number of malaria cases have been reported. Public awareness regarding uptake of antimalarial prophylaxis before and during travel to endemic areas could lead to a reduction in mortality and morbidity in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":73740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental science and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}