Advances in Physics最新文献_第5页

Hall effect in heavy fermion metals 重费米子金属中的霍尔效应

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2012.730223

S. Nair, S. Wirth, S. Friedemann, F. Steglich, Q. Si, A. Schofield

{"title":"Hall effect in heavy fermion metals","authors":"S. Nair, S. Wirth, S. Friedemann, F. Steglich, Q. Si, A. Schofield","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2012.730223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2012.730223","url":null,"abstract":"The heavy fermion systems present a unique platform in which strong electronic correlations give rise to a host of novel, and often competing, electronic and magnetic ground states. Amongst a number of potential experimental tools at our disposal, measurements of the Hall effect have emerged as a particularly important one in discerning the nature and evolution of the Fermi surfaces of these enigmatic metals. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of Hall effect measurements in the heavy fermion materials, and examine the success it has had in contributing to our current understanding of strongly correlated matter. Particular emphasis is placed on its utility in the investigation of quantum critical phenomena which are thought to drive many of the exotic electronic ground states in these systems. This is achieved by the description of measurements of the Hall effect across the putative zero-temperature instability in the archetypal heavy fermion metal YbRh2Si2. Using the CeMIn5 (with M=Co, Ir) family of systems as a paradigm, the influence of (antiferro-)magnetic fluctuations on the Hall effect is also illustrated. This is compared to prior Hall effect measurements in the cuprates and other strongly correlated systems to emphasize on the generality of the unusual magnetotransport in materials with non-Fermi liquid behavior.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"11 1","pages":"583 - 664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2012.730223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58773191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Electronic crystals: an experimental overview 电子晶体:实验综述

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2012.719674

P. Monceau

引用次数: 348

Phase-field-crystal models for condensed matter dynamics on atomic length and diffusive time scales: an overview 原子长度和扩散时间尺度上凝聚态动力学的相场晶体模型:综述

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2012-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2012.737555

H. Emmerich, H. Löwen, R. Wittkowski, T. Gruhn, G. Tóth, G. Tegze, L. Gránásy

{"title":"Phase-field-crystal models for condensed matter dynamics on atomic length and diffusive time scales: an overview","authors":"H. Emmerich, H. Löwen, R. Wittkowski, T. Gruhn, G. Tóth, G. Tegze, L. Gránásy","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2012.737555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2012.737555","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we review the basic concepts and applications of the phase-field-crystal (PFC) method, which is one of the latest simulation methodologies in materials science for problems, where atomic- and microscales are tightly coupled. The PFC method operates on atomic length and diffusive time scales, and thus constitutes a computationally efficient alternative to molecular simulation methods. Its intense development in materials science started fairly recently following the work by Elder et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002), p. 245701]. Since these initial studies, dynamical density functional theory and thermodynamic concepts have been linked to the PFC approach to serve as further theoretical fundamentals for the latter. In this review, we summarize these methodological development steps as well as the most important applications of the PFC method with a special focus on the interaction of development steps taken in hard and soft matter physics, respectively. Doing so, we hope to present today's state of the art in PFC modelling as well as the potential, which might still arise from this method in physics and materials science in the nearby future.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"61 1","pages":"665 - 743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2012.737555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58773204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 268

Onward and upwards: the Advance accelerates 向前和向上:前进加速

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2012.709360

D. Sherrington

引用次数: 0

Friction and energy dissipation mechanisms in adsorbed molecules and molecularly thin films 吸附分子和分子薄膜中的摩擦和能量耗散机制

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2012.706401

J. Krim

{"title":"Friction and energy dissipation mechanisms in adsorbed molecules and molecularly thin films","authors":"J. Krim","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2012.706401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2012.706401","url":null,"abstract":"This review provides an overview of recent advances that have been achieved in understanding the basic physics of friction and energy dissipation in molecularly thin adsorbed films and the associated impact on friction at microscopic and macroscopic length scales. Topics covered include a historical overview of the fundamental understanding of macroscopic friction, theoretical treatments of phononic and electronic energy dissipation mechanisms in thin films, and current experimental methods capable of probing such phenomena. Measurements performed on adsorbates sliding in unconfined geometries with the quartz crystal microbalance technique receive particular attention. The final sections review the experimental literature of how measurements of sliding friction in thin films reveal energy dissipation mechanisms and how the results can be linked to film-spreading behavior, lubrication, film phase transitions, superconductivity-dependent friction, and microelectromechanical systems applications. Materials systems reported on include adsorbed films comprised of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, water, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, ethane, ethanol, trifluoroethanol, methanol, cyclohexane, ethylene, pentanol, toluene, tricresylphosphate, t-butylphenyl phosphate, benzene, and iodobenzene. Substrates reported on include silver, gold, aluminum, copper, nickel, lead, silicon, graphite, graphene, fullerenes, C60, diamond, carbon, diamond-like carbon, and YBa2Cu3O7, and self-assembled monolayers consisting of tethered polymeric molecules.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"61 1","pages":"155 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2012.706401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58773084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Electron spin resonance-scanning tunneling microscopy 电子自旋共振扫描隧道显微镜

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2012.668775

A. Balatsky, M. Nishijima, Y. Manassen

引用次数: 48

Topological effects in nanomagnetism: from superparamagnetism to chiral quantum solitons 纳米磁性中的拓扑效应:从超顺磁性到手性量子孤子

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2012.663070

H. Braun

{"title":"Topological effects in nanomagnetism: from superparamagnetism to chiral quantum solitons","authors":"H. Braun","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2012.663070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2012.663070","url":null,"abstract":"Micromagnetics has been the method of choice to interpret experimental data in the area of microscopic magnetism for several decades. In this article, we show how progress has been made to extend this formalism to include thermal and quantum fluctuations in order to describe recent experimental developments in nanoscale magnetism. For experimental systems with constrained dimensions such as nanodots, atomic chains, nanowires, and thin films, topological defects such as solitons, vortices, skyrmions, and monopoles start to play an increasingly important role, all forming novel types of quasiparticles in patterned low-dimensional magnetic systems. We discuss in detail how soliton–antisoliton pairs of opposite chirality form non-uniform energy barriers against thermal fluctuations in nanowires or pillars. As a consequence of their low barrier energy compared to uniform reversal, they limit the thermal stability of perpendicular recording media. For sufficiently short samples, the non-uniform energy barrier continuously merges into the conventional uniform Néel–Brown barrier. Partial formation of chiral domain walls also determines the magnetic properties of granular nanostructured magnets and exchange spring systems. For a long time, the reconciliation between micromagnetics and quantum mechanics has remained an unresolved challenge. Here it is demonstrated how inclusion of Berry's phase in a micromagnetic action allows for a semiclassical quantization of spin systems, a method that is demonstrated by the simple example of an easy-plane spin. This powerful method allows for a description of quantum dynamics of solitons and breathers which in the latter case agrees with the anisotropic spin-½ XYZ-model. The domain wall or soliton chirality plays an important role as it is coupled to the wavevector of the quasiparticle dispersion. We show how this quantum soliton chirality is detected by polarized neutron scattering in one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2012.663070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58773026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 320

Josephson and Andreev transport through quantum dots 约瑟夫森和安德烈夫通过量子点进行传输

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2011.624266

A. Martín-Rodero, A. Levy Yeyati

{"title":"Josephson and Andreev transport through quantum dots","authors":"A. Martín-Rodero, A. Levy Yeyati","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2011.624266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2011.624266","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we review the state of the art on the transport properties of quantum dot systems connected to superconducting and normal electrodes. The review is mainly focused on the theoretical achievements, although a summary of the most relevant experimental results is also given. A large part of the discussion is devoted to the single-level Anderson-type models generalized to include superconductivity in the leads, which already contains most of the interesting physical phenomena. Particular attention is paid to the competition between pairing and Kondo correlations, the emergence of π-junction behavior, the interplay of Andreev and resonant tunneling, and the important role of Andreev bound states that characterized the spectral properties of most of these systems. We give technical details on the several different analytical and numerical methods which have been developed for describing these properties. We further discuss the recent theoretical efforts devoted to extend this analysis to more complex situations like multidot, multilevel or multiterminal configurations in which novel phenomena is expected to emerge. These include control of the localized spin states by a Josephson current and also the possibility of creating entangled electron pairs by means of non-local Andreev processes.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"60 1","pages":"899 - 958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2011.624266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58772951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 216

Foundations of Plasmonics 等离子体基础

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2011.621320

Yang Wang, E. W. Plummer, K. Kempa

{"title":"Foundations of Plasmonics","authors":"Yang Wang, E. W. Plummer, K. Kempa","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2011.621320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2011.621320","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma physics is a very mature field, studied extensively for well over a century. The cross-disciplinary field of plasmonics (electromagnetics of metallic nanostructures), on the other hand, with its potential for an extraordinary light control through novel class of materials and the resulting applications, has become very fashionable only recently. Inevitably, as a result of this rapid development, the deep connections with the mother discipline, the plasma physics, have sometimes been overlooked. The goal of this work is to review some of these basic connections, which are relevant, and ultimately helpful for researchers in the new field. We focus on the solid-state structured plasmas and address the issue of classical versus quantum treatments. We discuss the little known subtleties of the surface plasmons at metallic surfaces (e.g. multipole plasmons) and their consequences on plasmonics of the textured metallic films. Plasmonics of nanoparticles has been preceded by studies of plasma effects in metallic clusters and semiconducting quantum dots (QDs). In this context, we discuss the little known connection between the Mie resonance in metallic particles and the collective resonance in wide parabolic quantum wells (QWs) and QDs. Researchers dealing with plasmonics of thin films can benefit from earlier studies of plasmons in the semiconductor modulation doped heterojunctions and QWs, with its rich spectrum of intersubband and two-dimensional plasmons. In non-equilibrium plasmonic systems, generation of plasmons can be stimulated, leading to the exciting possibility of the plasmon instability. Extraordinarily complex is the plasmonics of carbon nanotubes and graphene, with its numerous van Hove, one- and three-dimensional plasmons, and we discuss how the plasmonics of metamaterials can benefit from this complexity. Finally, we discuss a few applications, which could directly benefit from plasmonics, including medical and the novel class of solar cells.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"60 1","pages":"799 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2011.621320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58772939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 118

Physics and applications of aligned carbon nanotubes 排列碳纳米管的物理与应用

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2011.599963

Y. Lan, Yang Wang, Z. Ren

{"title":"Physics and applications of aligned carbon nanotubes","authors":"Y. Lan, Yang Wang, Z. Ren","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2011.599963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2011.599963","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by Iijima in 1991, there have been extensive research efforts on their synthesis, physics, electronics, chemistry, and applications due to the fact that CNTs were predicted to have extraordinary physical, mechanical, chemical, optical, and electronic properties. Among the various forms of CNTs, single-walled and multi-walled, random and aligned, semiconducting and metallic, aligned CNTs are especially important since fundamental physics studies and many important applications will not be possible without alignment. Even though there have been significant endeavors on growing CNTs in an aligned configuration since their discovery, little success had been realized before our first report on growing individually aligned CNTs on various substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) [Science 282 (1998) 1105–1108]. Our report spearheaded a new field on growth, characterization, physics, and applications of aligned CNTs. Up to now, there have been thousands of scientific publications on synthesizing, studying, and utilizing aligned CNTs in various aspects. In this communication, we review the current status of aligned CNTs, the physics for their alignment, their applications in field emission, optical antennas, subwavelength light transmission in CNT-based nanocoax structures, nanocoax arrays for novel solar cell structures, etc. The focus of this review is to examine various aligned CNT systems, either as an individual or as an array, either the orientation is vertical, parallel, or at other angles to the substrate horizon, either the CNT core structures are mostly hollow channels or are composed of complex compartments. Major fabrication methods are illustrated in detail, particularly the most widely used PECVD growth technique on which various device integration schemes are based, followed by applications whereas current limitations and challenges will also be discussed to lay down the foundation for future developments.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"60 1","pages":"553 - 678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2011.599963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58772884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 137