Journal of earth science & climatic change最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Limnochemistry of Dal Lake in Kashmir","authors":"B. Mushtaq, Humaira Qadri, A. Yousuf","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000458","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative assessment of different water quality parameters of Dal Lake, Kashmir was carried out during 2005 and 2015 in order to assess the changes that have occurred over time. The data was collected from five stations of the Lake during both the years. The results obtained indicate that the water quality of Dal Lake has significantly deteriorated. The different water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, chloride, NH4 -N, NO3 -N and total phosphorus showed marked variation from 2005 to 2015 with One Sample t-test showing significant differences (p=0.000) over this period. The NSFWQI ranges from 25-50 for both the years indicating the high pollution level and bad water quality of the Lake. The results of the present comparative investigation reflected increasing nutrient load in the Dal Lake which needs to be monitored for the conservation of Lake ecology.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic Hazards, its Effect and Coping Mechanisms of Farmers of Ada’a Berga District of West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Daniel At","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000488","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70384500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall Variability and Land-Use Change in Arid Basins with Traditional Agricultural Practices; Insight from Ground Water Monitoring in Northwestern Iran","authors":"Azad Sadeghi, Jabbar Khaledi, P. Nyman","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70384822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disastrous Events on Kelash-Mansarowar Route, Dharchula Tehsil in Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand in India","authors":"S. Khanduri̇, S. Ks, A. Rawat","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000463","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents evidence of trends of fractal properties and long memory in three-month variations of radon in soil, in Lesvos Island, Greece. The methodology employed consists of sliding-window (a) detrended fluctuation analysis, (b) fractal analysis, (c) rescaled range analysis and (d) fractal dimension analysis with the methods of Higuchi, Katz and Sevcik. During measurements two mild earthquakes occurred in the vicinity. The results of the detrended fluctuation analysis revealed four peaks with slopes between 1.2 and 1.5. The fractal analysis method resulted in three peaks with persistent power-law exponent values in the range 2.2 and 3.0. The rescaled-range analysis indicated persistent Hurst exponents between 0.7-0.9 and in some segments, between 0.9-1. The fractal dimension analysis showed four peaks with fractal dimensions in the range 1.3-2.0 (Higuchi and Katz methods) and 1.0-1.5 (Sevcik method). The results were compared in terms of conversion to Hurst exponents. Several persistent segments were addressed, along with persistency-anti-persistency switching instances. Potential geological sources are discussed and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Memory and Fractal Traces in KHz-MHz Electromagnetic Time Series Prior to the ML=6.1, 12/6/2007 Lesvos, Greece Earthquake: Investigation through DFA and Time-Evolving Spectral Fractals","authors":"D. Nikolopoulos, H. Panayiotis, P. Ermioni, C. Demetrios, N. Constantinos","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000465","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents evidence of long-lasting and chaotic trends in one-month kHz-MHz electromagnetic disturbances collected prior to a ML=6.1 shallow earthquake (June 12, 2017, 12:28:38 GMT, 38.84° N/26.36° E, 12 km deep, 37.5 km SSE of Mytilene town, Lesvos island, Greece) recorded by a telemetric ground station (39.23° N/26.27° E) located only 44 km away from the earthquake's epicenter. All analyzed earthquake occurrences (4.0 ≤ ML< 6.1) formed tight groups in both time and space which is significant for the investigation. The analysis is implemented via detailed timeevolving sliding-window two-slope DFA and power-law analysis of 4096 samples per window allowing hidden, potentially precursory, pre-earthquake trends to emerge. The classical two-exponent DFA results support the aspect of possible pre-earthquake activity 10-12 days prior to the ML=6.1 earthquake, for the 3-10 kHz antennas (both EW-NS orientations) and the 41-46 MHz ones, by simultaneously presenting a sudden increase of a parameter calculated from the two DFA exponent data. The time evolution of the power-law fractal-analysis data indicates activity 12-13 prior to the event, however, only for the 3 kHz antennas. Hurst exponents calculated in various analysis segments indicate persistency during the main pre-earthquake activity as well as persistency-anti-persistency changes. Potential pre-seismic activity prior to two other earthquakes of ML=5.0 and ML=4.6 is investigated and discussed. The precursory activity of reported time-series is discussed.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthquake Risks in Bangladesh and Evaluation of Awareness among the University Students","authors":"M. Zaman, M. Abdul, MH Md.Tanvir, M. Hasan","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000482","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake is one of the major threats for Bangladesh for decades. In this study, we have tried to investigate the level of awareness about the earthquake among the university students in Bangladesh. Firstly, we have briefly discussed the risks of earthquake in Bangladesh, talked about the historic earthquakes and recently found threat or research. After that, we have analyzed our data collected from the survey we have conducted. We have got some positive results as well as a few horrifying scenarios. Encouraging results have found when we have asked some important matters that everyone should know about earthquake. But knowledge about the safety in the construction of the buildings and following the rules is quite opposite to that. Suggestions are offered in some definite sectors where improvement is required, and the government should push themselves harder in those sectors. of a large amount of sedimentary pile within the Bogra graben [5]. Tripura is one of the states of India surrounded by Bangladesh and two other states Mizoram and Assam of India surrounded by Koplili fault; Kaladan fault etc. which have produced many earthquakes. The Tripura-Naga organic belt is a zone of highly faulted tertiary deposits which has witnessed earthquakes of moderate magnitudes [2]. Shillong plateau is a geologically complex and seismically active region located on the collision boundary between Indian and Eurasian plate in the Meghalaya state of India. Its average altitude is about 1,500 m. The 1897 Ms. 8.0 Great Assam earthquake is well-known as a historic earthquake that occurred below the Shillong Plateau. The Shillong plateau presently behaves like a rigid body tied to the Indian Shield at a velocity of 46.5 ± 1 mm/a toward N 51o E [2,5]. Dauki fault zone is a 300 km long north dipping reverse fault along the Meghalaya-Bangladesh border and inferred to go through the southern margin of Shillong plateau and has a major role in deforming the surrounding areas. It is believed to be active in the past and it is most likely the fault associated with the magnitude >7 earthquake in Sylhet (Shilchar) historically known as Cachar earthquake (10 January 1869). Though it is inactive in the recent times still it is considered as one of the major threats for Bangladesh for the occurrence of devastating earthquakes [6]. A recent study reveals the existence of subduction zone of about 250 kilometers that can produce an earthquake of magnitude 8.2-9.0. After setting two dozen ground-positioning (GPS) instruments linked to satellites, capable of tracking tiny ground motions and analyzing the ten years of data the scientists have shown that eastern Bangladesh and a bit of eastern India are pushing diagonally into western Myanmar at a rapid clip46 millimeter per year or about 1.8 inches. After combining Citation: Md. Zaman AA, Sifty S, Rakhine NJ, Md. Abdul A, Amin R, et al. (2018) Earthquake Risks in Bangladesh and Evaluation of Awareness among the University Students. J E","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Climate Change on Water Resource of Agricultural Landscape and its Adaptation Strategies: A Case Study of Chari Basin, Chad","authors":"Allaramadji Beyaitan Bantin, X. Jun, H. Si","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000437","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the impact of climate change on water resource of the agricultural landscape is of great importance for the management and planning of water resources and agricultural production. This article examines the impact of climate change on agriculture and water resources in the Chari Basin in Chad. The study is usually based on the values of the standardized precipitation index calculated over the study period (1950-2010), i.e., 50 years of observations. The results obtained show a great variability of the SPI values. However, Buishand's statistical tests, Hubert's segmentation, linear regression and the Mann Kendall slope used confirm this rainfall variability. The most remarkable periods of drought in terms of intensity in 1961, 1915, 1977, 1980 and 2005 are extremely severe during which they are felt on all stations in southern Chad. 90% of Lake Chad, the largest in the country, has disappeared in the last 50 years under the combined effect of droughts and increased water withdrawals for irrigation. Studies predict an intensification of this dry and arid climate throughout the 21st century, which means fewer agricultural changes, degraded pastures, and a difficult daily life for those dependent on agriculture. The total national cereals, whose production was estimated at about 1,620,000 tons last year, experienced a deficit of 455,000 MT, a decrease of 50 percent compared with the previous year and an average of 23 percent of the last five year's. \u0000A sector support policy would provide answers to the structural problems it faces in order to improve its performance.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46149100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Health Nexus: A Review","authors":"P. Agan","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000435","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is an atmospheric condition where there exist upward trends in temperature above normal. The rise in temperature has change the dynamics of the spread of thriving diseases and has exacerbated the incidence of certain disease (malaria, meningitis, cholera etc.) on areas where they were non-existent. They are pathways through which climate change has impacted human health; through weather variables (such as heat and storms), natural systems such as disease vectors; and through under nutrition. This review paper elucidated more on the nexus between climate change and disease spread and enunciated gaps for future research.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43891632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Research on the Impact and Awareness of climate Change on the Security in the Republic of Macedonia","authors":"T. Mileski, Emilija Kamcheva, N. Spasov","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000434","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an ambitious attempt to measure the impact and awareness of climate change and to confirm some significant assumptions presented in several hypothetical views. The paper has a theoretical approach in the first part, articulated through the analysis of existing scientific and technical literature that takes interest in the issues related to climate change and its impact. In addition, the empirical analysis is based on evidence of several hypotheses by applying statistical methods of examinees from Macedonia. Specifically are proven the following hypotheses: Climate change is affecting the health and safety status of the population; Climate change has impact on agriculture; The consequences of climate change in the next century will mostly affect poverty and the spread of diseases; The automobile traffic has the greatest impact on the creation and release of glass gases in the atmosphere; NGOs, government institutions and academic staff contribute to greater participation in the management and mitigation of climate change and the melting of the Arctic in the future may cause political confrontations due to the desire to control the Arctic region. The validation and verification of the survey research is supported by the implementation of the chi-square statistical tests that uses the software package for statistical analysis SPSS.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44134844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructed Precipitation for the Eastern Tian Shan (China), based on Picea Shrenkiana Tree-Ring Width","authors":"Bakhtiyorov Zulfiyor, Yu Ruide, Yang Meilin, Monoldorova Akylai, Aminov Javhar","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000432","url":null,"abstract":"Our recent study introduces the reconstruction of May-June precipitation based on Picea Shrenkiana tree-ring growth, spanned AD 1892-2015. We used three monthly climatic gridded data parameters of China which covers with a 0.25° spatial resolution over 1952-2012 (temperature mean (°C), total precipitation (kg m-2s-1) and total snow-water equivalent (kg m-2)) interpolated to our sampling site for highlight correlations coefficients. Snow-water equivalent with ring-width gives us a significant positive correlation (approximately in p<0.05 level) in April-May period (0.411) and September (0.263). With precipitation, correlation is higher in May-June period (0.468) which leads us that limiting factor in this area is water, which is felt during the initial growth of the tree. Results of negative correlation in March-October period (-0.478) with mean temperature, suggest that increase of temperature leads to increase of evaporation and water transpiration. Our reconstruction indicated 6 dry decades (1920, 1930, 1970, 1980, 2000, 2010) and five wet decades (1910, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1990). Our reconstruction confirms to global change, which suggest decreasing precipitation from 1991 until now. To represent our reconstruction geographical meaning, we conducted spatial correlation between our May-June precipitation reconstruction, instrumental gridded interpolated May-June precipitation and gridded CRU TS 4.0 May-June precipitation, which significant in Xinjiang Tian Shan Mountains and goes through Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. In addition, we are running Multi-taper spectral analysis and after getting results try to connect our study to ENSO variability, with highfrequency cycles 6.1-year (99%), 5.1-4.8-year (90%), 2.7-2.9-years (90%).","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46417764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}