N. M. Zubarev, L. N. Lobanov, G. A. Mesyats, A. G. Sadykova, K. A. Sharypov, V. G. Shpak, S. A. Shunailov, M. I. Yalandin
{"title":"Cascade Acceleration of a Picosecond Runaway Electron Bunch at Atmospheric Pressure","authors":"N. M. Zubarev, L. N. Lobanov, G. A. Mesyats, A. G. Sadykova, K. A. Sharypov, V. G. Shpak, S. A. Shunailov, M. I. Yalandin","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X26600118","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X26600118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method and experimental results are presented for the accelerating a magnetized picosecond bunch of runaway electrons in two consecutive atmospheric gaps to which unipolar voltage pulses with amplitudes up to –250 kV and durations of 0.5–1 ns are supplied. The synchronization precision of the pulses is comparable to their leading-edge duration (~100 ps). The gaps are separated by a drift tube whose length is limited by electron energy losses in collisions with gas molecules. If the bunch electrons that have a kinetic energy of ≈250 keV after passing through the first gap and drift tube are accelerated in the second gap at the amplitude voltage, their energy nearly doubles. After both acceleration cycles with intermediate drift, the bunch that has travelled in a strong longitudinal magnetic field a total distance of ≈12 cm maintains the tubular structure imposed by the cathode shape.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"357 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. I. Shmakov, I. A. Smolyanov, R. F. Rakhimov, N. E. Balabaev, I. A. Belyaev
{"title":"Evaluation of the Parameters of an Experimental Stand for Studying the Influence of a Pulsed Magnetic Field on a Conductive Medium in a Transverse Constant Field","authors":"E. I. Shmakov, I. A. Smolyanov, R. F. Rakhimov, N. E. Balabaev, I. A. Belyaev","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25604560","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25604560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transient magnetohydrodynamic processes in a conducting continuous medium arising during plasma disruptions in tokamaks represent a critical issue for the safety of future fusion reactors, especially during transient processes with characteristic times of 0.1–100 ms. The lack of a clear phenomenological model and reliable methods for diagnosing key parameters such as flow velocity, pressure dynamics, and induced current density is hindering progress in this area. This work is devoted to the preparatory stage of a comprehensive project to study such phenomena. Within the framework of this stage, key engineering and methodological tasks were solved. Numerical simulations using the finite element method were performed, which predicted the complex dynamics of the Lorentz forces. To justify the selection of diagnostic sensors, estimates of expected pressures and fluid flow rates were made based on modeling a 1.5-kA current pulse or a 0.7-T magnetic-field pulse in a uniform 1.7-T transverse magnetic field. A strength analysis of the solenoid for generating a poloidal magnetic field revealed significant mechanical stresses (up to 19 MPa), indicating the need for design modifications. The central task was to test measurement methods. The performance of piezoelectric pressure sensors in strong magnetic fields has been confirmed, and a combined measurement system using fiber-optic sensors has been proposed to improve reliability in conditions of strong electromagnetic interference. Thus, the completed engineering calculations, numerical modeling, and development of diagnostic methods formed the necessary scientific and technical basis for conducting subsequent experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"281 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Approximate Method for Calculating Kinetic Coefficients of Heavy Ions in He-Containing Mixtures in a Strong Electric Field","authors":"A. A. Ponomarev, N. L. Aleksandrov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X26600179","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X26600179","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An approximate method for calculating drift velocity and other kinetic coefficients of heavy ions in a light gas is generalized to gaseous mixtures. Obtained equations are used to calculate the mobilities of <span>({text{O}}_{4}^{ - })</span> and <span>({text{O}}_{2}^{ - })</span> ions, as well as rate constants for inelastic ion–molecule processes with these ions in helium with small additions of O<sub>2</sub> under an electric field. Calculated results are compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation. Simple approximate methods allow good agreement to be reached with more complicated Monte Carlo simulation when describing the strong effect of small O<sub>2</sub> concentrations on the ion kinetic properties in He and to shorten computational time by orders of magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"367 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instabilities of Multi-Mixing Layers under Magnetic Fields","authors":"Z.-J. Zhao, Q.-Ch. Shi, H.-H. Zhang, Z.-H. Chen","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25603724","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25603724","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of magnetic fields on Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) in two-dimensional multi-mixing layers are investigated considering both transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields. The effects of density ratio on the KHI of multi-mixing layers are also considered. The governing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations are numerically solved using a validated non-splitting corner transport upwind (CTU) + constrained transport (CT) algorithm. Simulation results indicate that gravity exerts a stabilizing effect when density increases from top to bottom, which is consistent with existing research. Furthermore, increasing the density ratio gives rise to localized regions of elevated vorticity under the effect of gravity. Additionally, both transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields can significantly suppress KHI and cause vorticity deposition at mixing layer interfaces. However, unlike transverse fields, longitudinal magnetic fields induce vorticity layer separation with vorticity-free zones between separated layers, and even weak longitudinal fields exert notable effects. Furthermore, larger density ratios reduce the magnetic field strength needed to fully suppress KHI. Mechanistic analysis from the perspective of magnetic forces identifies magnetic pressure as the main cause of vorticity deposition. The magnetic tension of the transverse magnetic field exerts an anti-bending effect on mixing layer curling, while the magnetic tension of the longitudinal magnetic field forms a “magnetic tension ring” in the vorticity layer, thereby causing the separation of the vorticity layer and the formation of vorticity-free zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"334 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Localized Oscillations of Linear Plasma Crystal","authors":"A. M. Ignatov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25604596","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25604596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The theory of oscillations of one-dimensional plasma crystal with an arbitrary particle mass distribution has been developed with allowance for the nonreciprocity effect. In particular, the frequencies of oscillations localized near some point imperfection and near the boundary between chains of particles of different masses have been obtained. In both cases, at sufficiently large difference in particle masses, the oscillatory instability of the crystal arises.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"302 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Possibility of Estimation of the Ratio of Heat Losses by Electrons and Ions in Tokamaks using the Ratio of the Energy and Impurity Containment Times","authors":"V. A. Vershkov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25604055","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25604055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Experimental data on energy and impurity confinement times in the Ohmic heating mode of tokamaks of different sizes are reported. It is demonstrated that the results can be qualitatively explained by the reduction in the ratio of heat losses by electrons and ions upon an increase in the tokamak size. It is proposed to use this ratio for estimating the electron and ion energy confinement times in tokamaks in Ohmic regimes. The applicability of the proposed method in the modes with auxiliary heating requires further analysis. The measurement of the ratio of energy and impurity confinement times can be the only means of experimentally separating heat losses by electrons and ions in large tokamaks of reactor level.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"262 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063780X25604055.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Vertical Magnetic Field on the Vacuum Magnetic Surface Shape in Stellarator","authors":"R. A. Khanaeva, M. I. Mikhailov, D. G. Vasilkov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25604481","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25604481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine the effect of an external vertical magnetic field on the shape of the boundary magnetic surface of an arbitrary vacuum stellarator configuration. A numerical solution of the fixed-boundary problem makes it possible to determine the cylindrical coordinates <i>R</i>, φ, <i>Z</i> as functions of flux coordinates (e.g., Boozer coordinates). We derive an equation for the deformation of magnetic surfaces under the influence of vertical field in linear approximation. The equation is a magnetic differential equation, whose right-hand side is expressed in terms of <span>(R)</span>, <span>(varphi )</span>, <i>Z</i>, written in flux coordinates, and derivatives. The described approach can be used to estimate the response of divertor islands to an applied vertical field. We show that the effect of the vertical field on the island structure is described (along with the rotational transform and magnetic shear) by the corresponding resonant harmonic in <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> (here, <i>R</i> is the major radius of the cylindrical coordinate system expressed in flux coordinates <i>a</i>, θ, φ with straightened magnetic field lines). The proposed method also makes it possible, without calculating the external conductors that build up the initial configuration, to determine the new vacuum boundary magnetic surface obtained when a vertical field is imposed, and thus to evaluate—using standard equilibrium codes—the properties of the displaced configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"267 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. I. Bikchurina, T. A. Bykov, G. D. Verkhovod, D. A. Kasatov, Ya. A. Kolesnikov, G. M. Ostreinov, E. O. Sokolova, A. A. Shuklina, A. V. Krasilnikov, S. A. Meshchaninov, G. E. Nemtsev, S. Yu. Taskaev
{"title":"Measuring Nuclear-Reaction Cross Sections for Thermonuclear Applications","authors":"M. I. Bikchurina, T. A. Bykov, G. D. Verkhovod, D. A. Kasatov, Ya. A. Kolesnikov, G. M. Ostreinov, E. O. Sokolova, A. A. Shuklina, A. V. Krasilnikov, S. A. Meshchaninov, G. E. Nemtsev, S. Yu. Taskaev","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25604286","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25604286","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data on the cross section of nuclear reactions are important for the development of nuclear energy, thermonuclear fusion, nuclear medicine, materials research, and other applications. The cross sections of nuclear reactions important for fusion applications, including radiation testing of materials and the development of neutron-free fusion power, were measured. The study was conducted on a accelerator-based neutron source at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, which produces a monoenergetic beam of protons or deuterons with an energy of up to 2.2 MeV. The intensity and energy of reaction products emitted from a lithium or boron target are measured using an α-spectrometer and a diamond detector. It has been shown that the measured cross sections of nuclear reactions make it possible to recover the energy spectrum of neutrons generated during the interaction of deuterons with lithium-7, one of the most productive neutron-generation reactions. It is shown that the obtained value of the cross section of the reaction of interaction of a proton beam with boron-11 in resonance is half the value often used in assessing the prospects of neutron-free thermonuclear energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"273 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063780X25604286.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. B. Mineev, E. R. Zapretilina, E. N. Bondarchuk, A. A. Voronova, A. D. Grosheva, A. A. Kavin, A. M. Kudryavtseva, A. N. Labusov, V. A. Trofimov, V. B. Minaev, N. V. Sakharov, N. N. Bakharev, G. S. Kurskiev, Yu. V. Petrov
{"title":"Model of the Superconducting Electromagnetic System for the Globus-3 Tokamak","authors":"A. B. Mineev, E. R. Zapretilina, E. N. Bondarchuk, A. A. Voronova, A. D. Grosheva, A. A. Kavin, A. M. Kudryavtseva, A. N. Labusov, V. A. Trofimov, V. B. Minaev, N. V. Sakharov, N. N. Bakharev, G. S. Kurskiev, Yu. V. Petrov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25604304","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25604304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Various options for the next step in the spherical tokamak fusion program being developed at the Ioffe Institute are currently being analyzed. This work focuses on the development of a model for the systems analysis of the Globus-3 tokamak with a superconducting electromagnetic system based on low-temperature (NbTi) and high-temperature (REBCO) superconductivity. A central solenoid positioned outside the toroidal coil is considered. For the chosen Globus-3 tokamak geometry (torus major radius <i>R</i> ≤ 1–1.2 m, aspect ratio <i>A</i> ≤ 1.8), the model makes it possible to estimate the maximum toroidal magnetic field at the plasma axis for NbTi and REBCO superconductors.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"235 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability Analysis of Ion-Acoustic Solitary Waves in Negative Ion Plasmas","authors":"S. Akter, A. Mannan, S. Sultana, A. A. Mamun","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25604213","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25604213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetized negative ion plasma system that contains both inertial positive and negative ion species with non-inertial <span>(q)</span>-distributed electrons is considered. The basic properties of obliquely propagating ion-acoustic solitary waves in such negative ion plasma medium are investigated by using the reductive perturbation approach. The latter remains valid when the amplitude is small but not negligible. The impact of external magnetic fields, oblique angle, and non-extensive parameter on the fundamental characteristics (including speed, amplitude, width, and polarity) of ion-acoustic solitary waves are examined. The stability and instability of obliquely propagating ion-acoustic solitary waves are also discussed in their dependence of plasma parameters. Based on the charge state ratio of positive and negative ions and the non-extensive parameter, the opposite polarity of ion-acoustic solitary waves is observed. The implications of our results in magnetized negative ion plasma environments related to both space and laboratory plasmas are discussed briefly.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"52 3","pages":"322 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}