{"title":"Kinetic Coefficients of Electrons in Weakly Ionized Plasma of Mixtures of Air with Water Vapor in a Strong Electric Field","authors":"I. V. Kochetov, N. L. Aleksandrov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X24600476","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X24600476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation, the electron drift velocity, the coefficients of their longitudinal and transverse diffusion, as well as the ionization and dissociative attachment coefficients in weakly ionized plasma of mixtures of air with water vapor are calculated in a wide range of reduced electric fields (1–650 Td, 1 Td = 10<sup>–17</sup> V cm<sup>2</sup>) and mole fractions of water vapor (0–1). The calculation results are compared with new experimental data, and good agreement between them is obtained. It is shown that for all coefficients and the average electron energy, their dependence on the gas composition changes with increasing electric field. At low reduced fields, an increase in the content of H<sub>2</sub>O water molecules in mixtures leads to a decrease in the transport coefficients and average electron energy, while the opposite trend is observed at high fields. It is shown that for the drift velocity and electron attachment coefficient there are electric fields, in which these coefficients in gas mixtures can be greater than the coefficients in dry air and water vapor. A qualitative explanation is given for the obtained dependences of the electron coefficients on the electric field and H<sub>2</sub>O content in the mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 5","pages":"619 - 626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Modeling of Nonlinear Dynamics of an Electron Beam in a Plasma Microwave Amplifier","authors":"I. N. Kartashov, M. V. Kuzelev","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X2460052X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X2460052X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The problem of signal amplification in a plasma microwave amplifier is considered in the linear approximation and with allowance for nonlinear effects leading to saturation of instability. The solutions of the exact dispersion equation and an approximate dispersion equation used in calculation of parameters of plasma microwave amplifiers are compared. It is shown that the solutions of these equations in the region of high frequencies are significantly different. Nonlinear dynamics of beam–plasma instability in plasma microwave amplifiers is described by a system of differential equations which is obtained by the slowly varying amplitude method and yields an approximate dispersion equation when it is linearized. A method for modifying parameters of a nonlinear system of differential equations to make it consistent with the exact dispersion equation is proposed and the calculation results are demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 5","pages":"597 - 602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multigroup Model of Calculating the Low-Energy Electron Transport in Weakly Ionized Gases","authors":"E. I. Bochkov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X24600191","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X24600191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Proceeding from the Boltzmann kinetic equation for electrons, the system of multigroup equations for the zero and first moments of the distribution function of low-energy electrons is derived within the Lorentz approximation. The system includes the balance equations for concentration and flux density of electrons and is intended for numerical simulation of the transport and kinetics of electrons in the energy range from zero to several tens of electron volt where the angular distribution of electrons is weakly anisotropic. Results of the numerical calculations of electron transport in helium in homogeneous and inhomogeneous electric fields according to the developed multigroup model are compared with results obtained by the Monte Carlo method.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 5","pages":"627 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parametric Decay and Mode Conversion upon Laser-Wave Interaction with Plasma in an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field","authors":"V. A. Turikov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X24600439","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X24600439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Resonance interaction of a laser wave at twice the upper hybrid frequency with plasma in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is analyzed. A linear dependence of the magnetic field on the coordinate along the direction of propagation of the laser pulse and fulfillment of the resonance condition at the center of the plasma layer are assumed. It is demonstrated that the laser wave decays into two upper hybrid plasmons accompanied by excitation of the Bernstein modes under such an interaction. The occurance of an electromagnetic wave at the upper hybrid frequency reflected from the plasma boundary is detected. The conclusion is drawn that the reflected wave is driven upon interaction of the Bernstein modes with the upper hybrid plasmons since the wave disappears in the case of a cold-plasma layer. The dependence of average energy gained by electrons upon development of instability on the gradient of the external magnetic field is investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 5","pages":"659 - 661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Drozd, D. S. Sergeev, R. A. Begishev, G. B. Igon’kina, M. M. Sokolov, N. V. Korshunov, E. N. Khairutdinov, T. B. Myalton
{"title":"T-15MD Tokamak Microwave Interferometer for Measuring the Average Electron Density of Plasma","authors":"A. S. Drozd, D. S. Sergeev, R. A. Begishev, G. B. Igon’kina, M. M. Sokolov, N. V. Korshunov, E. N. Khairutdinov, T. B. Myalton","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X24600543","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X24600543","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The distinctive features of the T-15MD tokamak microwave interferometer for measuring linearly integrated electron density, as well as the system for processing and recording its signals, are presented. The phase stability of microwave interferometer signals is analyzed. The results of measurements with a microwave interferometer during the first experimental campaign of the T-15MD tokamak are presented. The phase values were extracted by using an analog phase meter and post-processing of digitized microwave interferometer signals: an intermediate frequency signal and a local oscillator signal. It is shown that the results of the plasma density calculation by these two methods coincide.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 5","pages":"568 - 572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. E. Mukhin, S. Yu. Tolstyakov, G. S. Kurskiev, N. S. Zhiltsov, N. V. Ermakov, E. E. Tkachenko, A. N. Koval, V. A. Solovey, S. A. Aleksandrov, A. V. Nikolaev, D. A. Antropov, A. V. Bondar, I. V. Kedrov, T. A. Marchenko, A. F. Kornev, A. M. Makarov, D. L. Bogachev, D. S. Samsonov, E. G. Guk, V. N. Klimov, E. P. Smirnova, A. V. Sotnikov, A. G. Razdobarin, A. N. Bazhenov, I. V. Bocharov, V. A. Bocharnikov, I. M. Bukreev, A. M. Dmitriev, D. I. Elets, I. B. Tereshchenko, L. A. Varshavchik, An. P. Chernakov, P. A. Pankrat’ev, G. V. Marchii, M. Minbaev, K. O. Nikolaenko, N. A. Kungurtsev, N. V. Sakharov, Yu. V. Petrov, A. N. Mokeev
{"title":"Set of Thomson Scattering Diagnostics for TRT","authors":"E. E. Mukhin, S. Yu. Tolstyakov, G. S. Kurskiev, N. S. Zhiltsov, N. V. Ermakov, E. E. Tkachenko, A. N. Koval, V. A. Solovey, S. A. Aleksandrov, A. V. Nikolaev, D. A. Antropov, A. V. Bondar, I. V. Kedrov, T. A. Marchenko, A. F. Kornev, A. M. Makarov, D. L. Bogachev, D. S. Samsonov, E. G. Guk, V. N. Klimov, E. P. Smirnova, A. V. Sotnikov, A. G. Razdobarin, A. N. Bazhenov, I. V. Bocharov, V. A. Bocharnikov, I. M. Bukreev, A. M. Dmitriev, D. I. Elets, I. B. Tereshchenko, L. A. Varshavchik, An. P. Chernakov, P. A. Pankrat’ev, G. V. Marchii, M. Minbaev, K. O. Nikolaenko, N. A. Kungurtsev, N. V. Sakharov, Yu. V. Petrov, A. N. Mokeev","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X24600324","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X24600324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thomson scattering of the core edge and divertor plasma regions of a tokamak with reactor technologies is discussed. The rationale and choice of technical solutions are given, the composition of the Thomson scattering diagnostic complex is discussed, as well as an estimate of the accuracy of measuring both electron temperature and density. Particular attention is paid to ensuring the functionality of the proposed diagnostics in the reactor mode of the tokamak operation and the results of testing diagnostic equipment in the experiments on Globus-M2 tokamak.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 4","pages":"406 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulations of TRT Vacuum Vessel Effect on the Magnetic Diagnostics System Sensor Signals","authors":"A. M. Belov, V. F. Andreev, A. V. Sushkov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X24600336","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X24600336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of model numerical calculations are presented, showing the effect of the TRT vacuum vessel on the amplitudes and phases of the magnetic sensors signals, which are located on the inner and outer vacuum vessel surfaces. It is shown that the characteristic times of loop voltage sensors considerably depend on their position on the TRT vacuum vessel. Therefore, their accurate mutual matching is required, especially in the dynamic stage of the discharge, when high eddy currents are induced in the vacuum vessel. The results of numerical calculations for the case of periodic disturbances in the plasma column are presented. They showed that the vacuum vessel almost completely shields the signals of the magnetic sensors located on the outer surface of the vacuum vessel. Moreover, it affects not only the amplitudes of magnetic sensors signals, but also their phases. Numerical studies brought us to conclusion that it is of priority to install the magnetic sensors just on the inner surface of the TRT vacuum vessel.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 4","pages":"457 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. I. Afanasyev, A. D. Melnik, M. I. Mironov, A. S. Navolotsky, V. G. Nesenevich, M. P. Petrov, S. Ya. Petrov, F. V. Chernyshev, R. Yu. Shmitov
{"title":"Possibilities of Using Active Neutral Particle Diagnostics at the TRT Facility","authors":"V. I. Afanasyev, A. D. Melnik, M. I. Mironov, A. S. Navolotsky, V. G. Nesenevich, M. P. Petrov, S. Ya. Petrov, F. V. Chernyshev, R. Yu. Shmitov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X24600142","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X24600142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibilities of using active neutral particle diagnostics for measuring local ion temperatures and isotopic ratio of deuterium-tritium plasma at the tokamak with reactor technologies are considered. Options for positioning the neutral particle analyzer relative to the diagnostic injector are presented. The fluxes of deuterium and tritium atoms escaping out of plasma were simulated in a wide range of plasma densities and temperatures. It is shown that the neutral particle analyzer active diagnostics will make it possible to measure the plasma parameters mentioned with the spatial and time resolutions of ~14 cm and ~0.01–0.1 s, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 4","pages":"524 - 529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yu. Yashin, A. M. Ponomarenko, V. V. Solokha, S. S. Rozhkov, A. A. Kharchevskii
{"title":"Concept of the Doppler Backscattering Diagnostic on TRT","authors":"A. Yu. Yashin, A. M. Ponomarenko, V. V. Solokha, S. S. Rozhkov, A. A. Kharchevskii","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X24600269","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X24600269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper discusses the possibility of using the Doppler backscattering (DBS) diagnostic to aid the Tokamak with Reactor Technologies (TRT) with its mission, and also offers ways of installing it in TRT, including the possible technical characteristics of the system. One of the most important advantages of DBS implementation is the ability to investigate various areas of plasma. This requires selecting an appropriate range of probing frequencies to match the scenarios and density profiles expected in TRT. Aspects and advantages of different ways of implementing DBS in the tokamak are discussed. Possible hardware, design and arrangement of the antenna system are presented. There are also system limitations that need to be considered specifically for TRT. The propositions for DBS on TRT are supported by calculations of ray tracing and diagnostic resolution. The wave number values of plasma fluctuations that the system could detect are also estimated.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 4","pages":"493 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concept of a Diagnostic System for Measuring the Electron Temperature Profile of Plasma from the Intensity of Electron Cyclotron Emission for the TRT Facility","authors":"N. A. Solovev, D. E. Dias Mikhaylova","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X24600257","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X24600257","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents a concept of the ECE diagnostic for the TRT facility and estimates the achievable measurement parameters in the baseline scenario. The target spectral region for the diagnostic corresponds to the first harmonic of the ECR frequency in ordinary polarization (O1) and the second harmonic in extraordinary polarization (X2). It is proposed to carry out measurements from the low-field side along two lines of sight: radial and toroidally oblique. The accessible spectral region in terms of the normalized radial coordinate is approximately estimated as –0.9 to 0.9 and –0.1 to 0.9. It is proposed to shape the input wave beam by means of a quasi-optical focusing system that provides a transverse size of the resolved region of approximately 3–5 cm for O1 and 1.2–3 cm for X2. For measurements, it is proposed to use Fourier transform spectrometers with a time resolution of about 10 ms and multichannel heterodyne receivers with a time resolution of about 1 μs. The minimum radial size of the resolved region is estimated to be 3–5 cm for O1 and 2–4 cm for X2, depending on the coordinate.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"50 4","pages":"423 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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