Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)最新文献

{"title":"Socio-demographic factors affecting HIV/AIDS in Kasungu District Malawi: A descriptive cross section study","authors":"Jamie Yoon, Kunmin Kim, S. Lim, David S. Chung, Sarah Lee, R. Chung, Seohyeon Park, J. Kachingwe, George C. Talama","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JAHR2017.0450","url":null,"abstract":"More than 70 million people have been infected worldwide with the HIV virus from the start of the epidemic, and since then, nearly 35 million people have died of HIV. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most severely affected area, accounting for nearly 70% of the people living with HIV worldwide. Approximately 8.8% of women and men age 15 to 49 in Malawi are HIV positive. Socio-demographic factors affecting the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Kasungu district in Malawi are currently unknown. This study aimed to determine the main socio-demographic factors affecting HIV/AIDS propagation and its treatment in Kasungu district in central Malawi. A descriptive cross sectional study involving 1260 adult participants (aged 18+) living with HIV at both the Kasungu District Hospital and St. Andrew's Hospital was conducted. HIV was common among non-pregnant females (40.9%) compared to pregnant females, (19.3%). HIV was also more common among non-pregnant females than men (40.9% vs. 39.6%, respectively). In general, HIV was more common among farmers (38.5%) and businessmen (24.5%). The main reason for starting anti retro viral (ARV's) was a low CD4 count, seconded by World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage 3. Nine out of 11 clients had negative reactions towards their HIV positive serostatus. Seven out of 11 clients had thoughts related to suicide or attempted suicide. About 50% of the surveyed patients revealed that they had experienced discrimination due to their HIV positive status. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: HIV/AIDS, demographic factors, social factors.","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"10 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43421757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of HIV/AIDS preventive behavior among college students in Gambella town, Southwest Ethiopia using health belief model","authors":"A. T. Gizaw, Getachew Kiros Abreha, Tesfaye Legesse, H. Hailesilassie","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2016.0413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JAHR2016.0413","url":null,"abstract":"Safer sex behaviors (sexual abstinence, correct and consistent condom usage) are important for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS among college students. The purpose of this article was to review studies addressing determinants of safer sex behaviors among college students. In Ethiopia little or no data existed on the preventive behaviors of HIV/AIDS among college students. Therefore, this study aimed to assess HIV/AIDS preventive behavior and associated factors among college students in Gambella town. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from 2nd to 4th March, 2015 using self-administered questioners. Pretest was conducted before the actual data collection and reliability test was performed. EPI DATA version 3.1 and SPSS version 21 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics were computed and a multivariate logistic regression model was fitted. P-value less than 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. 670 college students participated in this study. The study identified that, 72.1% of the students had HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors. Among sexually active students, 83(30.6%) were using condom consistently in the last 12 month and 59.7% of the college students had no sexual intercourse. Being engaged in HIV/AIDS, preventive behavior was determined by age ≤19 years (AOR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.77), good HIV related knowledge (AOR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.46, 4.09) and drinking alcohol (AOR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.73). High perceived severity toward HIV/AIDS and high perceived benefit of engaging in HIV/AIDS preventive behavior (using of condom) also predicted HIV/AIDS preventive behavior (AOR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.59) and (AOR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.93), respectively. HIV/AIDS preventive behavior of college students in Gambella was high. However, inconsistent condom use among sexually active students was highly practiced. Age, knowledge of HIV/AIDS preventive behavior, alcohol use, perceived severity and benefit had a significant effect on HIV/AIDS preventive behavior of the college students. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: HIV/AIDS, college students, health belief model.","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"10 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46837371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the ability to predict and prepare for sexual activity between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected young South African Women.","authors":"Rokhsanna Sadeghi, Amina Alio, Thola Bennie, Melissa Wallace, Shubing Cai, Beau Abar, Linda-Gail Bekker, David Adler","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0455","DOIUrl":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Human Research Council's National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behavior Survey ranks South Africa first in HIV incidence in the world with 400,000 new infections in 2012 and found the HIV incidence rate among female youth aged 15 to 24 years to be 2.5% that year. The objective of this study was to compare the pattern and predictability of sexual activity between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected young South African women. Sexually active young women between the ages of 16 and 21 years old completed a study survey between October 2012 and 2014 at two Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation centers. 100 young women with a mean age of 19.04 years responded to the survey. 51 women (51%) were HIV-infected and 49 were HIV-uninfected (49%). HIV-infected young women were found to be statistically less likely to have a temporal pattern to their sexual activity as compared to HIV-uninfected young women (56.9 vs. 95.9%, p<0.0001). While controlling for frequency of sex and lifetime sexual partners, HIV status remains a significant predictor of having a pattern of sexual activity (OR=16.13, p=0.0004) and a predictor of having sex on the weekend only (OR=4.41, p=0.0022). The ability to predict when sexual activity will occur enables a woman to prepare for its associated risks. HIV-uninfected young women are more likely to have a predictable pattern to their sexual activity as compared to HIV-infected young women. Knowledge of the sexual behavior patterns of this high-risk population will aid in the development of effective HIV prevention campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5987548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36204935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of outcomes of seven years viral load testing at the National Public Health Laboratory, Nepal","authors":"G. Shakya, R. Mahto, S. Khadka, Subhash Dhital, J. Baniya, L. Shrestha, S. Mishra, K. Kc, C. Ojha, B. Upadhyay","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JAHR2017.0437","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients living with HIV (PLWH) in Nepal have been obvious. However, their viral load (VL) and the effects of VL testing scale-up on the outcomes of HIV treatment have not been adequately investigated. In Nepal, VL tests were performed since 2009 at National Public Health laboratory. VL testing for monitoring scale up was introduced in 2014. The present study was undertaken to find out the virological failure (VF) and virological suppression (VS) rates in PLWH on ART in Nepal and to assess the effect of VL testing coverage on ART outcomes. A total of 8,230 blood/plasma samples were collected from among 11,922 patients on ART during 2009 to 2015. The VL testing coverage in 2009 was 2.9% which increased to 48.3% in 2015. VF was 35.9% in 2009 (mean for 2009-2013 was 27.5% and for 2014-2015 the mean VF was 10.2%).  Decrease in VF to nearly one third in 2015 coincided with the rise in VL testing coverage (from 2.9 to 48.3%). Improvement in VL testing coverage for ART monitoring coincided with decline in VF, indicative of ART optimization. VL testing of ART treatment failure cases only in the first segment of the study (2009-2013), accounted for initial low VL coverage. However, 48.3% coverage in the last year of scale-up period, with a mean VF of 10.2% and nearly 90% of all those receiving ART having VS, was very encouraging.     \u0000 \u0000 Key words:  Viral load testing, Nepal, outcomes.","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"9 1","pages":"233-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JAHR2017.0437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46165284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV/AIDS-related stigmatization and discrimination and coping strategies among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) at the anti-retroviral (ARV) Clinic, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"Oluwasola Deborah Olusola, Oshiname Olore Fredrick, A. Otovwe, O. O. Abideen","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JAHR2017.0451","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of HIV/AIDS related stigmatization, discrimination and coping strategies among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) at University College Hospital Ibadan. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design carried out among 700 PLHIV selected using a systematic random sampling technique from May to June 2010.  A validated pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data which was analysed using SPSS version 16. The mean age of the respondents was 40.0 ± 9.40 years and more were females (474, 67.70%). About 212 (30.30%) have experienced stigmatization with verbal insult (138, 65.10%), subjection to ridicule (134, 63.20%) and avoidance by friends (89, 42.0%) being the most reported forms of induced stigmatization/discrimination. In addition, there was no significant relationship of experiencing stigmatization/discrimination by gender (P=0.097). However, more females experienced physical assault than male. Strategies adopted by respondents in coping with stigmatization and discrimination were unmoved 376 (53.70%), prayer 321 (45.90%) and ignoring the person 281 (40.10%). The study reported prevalence of various forms of stigmatization and discrimination against PLHIV. Therefore, there is need for more awareness campaign in communities on the dangers of HIV-related stigmatization and discrimination on the health of PLHIV. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Social discrimination, perception, stigmatization, social support, HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"9 1","pages":"209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JAHR2017.0451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46964852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of condom use at last sex by South African construction workers","authors":"P. Bowen, R. Govender, P. Edwards","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JAHR2017.0447","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its fragmented nature, the typically remote location of project sites and considerable reliance upon migrant workers, the construction industry in South Africa is adversely affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The correct and consistent use of condoms is critical to combatting the spread of infection and reinfection. The demographic, behavioural and AIDS-related knowledge determinants of condom use at last sexual encounter were investigated in a survey of 512 site-based construction workers in the Western Cape Province. Half of all survey participants reported not having used a condom at last sexual encounter. Respondents most likely to have not used a condom were predominantly ‘Black’ African, single, in the 27 to 36 and 37 to 49 years old age groups, and those engaging in risky sexual behavior. Gender, education, employment position, alcohol consumption and cannabis (‘dagga’) use were not found to be significantly related to condom use, nor was the extent of workers’ AIDS-related knowledge. Workplace interventions by employers (in response to requests by the South African government for greater private sector involvement), whilst focusing on all employees, should concentrate their efforts on identifying and targeting those demographic sub-populations that are at greatest risk for lack of condom use. Particular attention should be given to construction workers who are migratory (rural to urban work-seekers), working on sites in remote areas, or working in environments where the appeal and likelihood of risky sexual behavior are anticipated to be greatest. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Condom use, construction workers, South Africa.","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"9 1","pages":"220-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JAHR2017.0447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47078893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food preferences during HIV infections: A risk factor for AIDS","authors":"Bello Temitope Kayode","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JAHR2017.0426","url":null,"abstract":"This perspective discusses the study of Santiago Rodas-Moya et al. (2016) published in Public Health Nutrition: Preference for food and nutritional supplements among adults living with HIV in Malawi, Public health nutrition, 19(04), pp.693-702. The study explored the factors liable for the food preferences of adults living with HIV (ALHIV) in Blantyre, Malawi. The study reported that sourness of food or drinks was one of the key factors liable for the food preference among the Malawian ALHIV. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: AIDS, HIV, food preferences, herbs, nutrition, nutrition intervention.","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"9 1","pages":"207-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JAHR2017.0426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45774342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human papillomavirus clustering patterns among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adolescent females in South Africa.","authors":"Layne Dylla,&nbsp;Beau Abar,&nbsp;Anna-Lise Williamson,&nbsp;Tracy L Meiring,&nbsp;Linda-Gail Bekker,&nbsp;David H Adler","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JAHR2017.0445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global burden of disease caused by both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) is the greatest in the developing world, with the highest rates in sub-Saharan Africa. South African women not only have high rates of infection with HPV, but also have high rates of multiple concurrent infections with two or more HPV genotypes, and are among the world's most vulnerable to developing invasive cervical cancer. HIV co-infection increases these risks. Understanding clustering patterns of concurrent HPV infections in this population has important implications for HPV screening and will help define vaccination strategies in the future as vaccines continue to be developed to target more HPV genotypes. Latent class analysis was used to identify four distinct patterns of HPV co-infection: individuals with at least one low risk HPV genotype, but no high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections; individuals with a disperse pattern of HR-HPV infections; individuals infected with members of the alpha-7 group, but not HPV-18; and individuals infected with HPV-16, but not HPV-18. In this analysis, although alpha-7 HPV infections were more prevalent among HIV-infected adolescents than their HIV-uninfected counterparts, overall clustering patterns were not different based on HIV status.</p>","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"9 10","pages":"202-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JAHR2017.0445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36053611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of awareness level and sources of information on HIV/AIDS among market women in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Olubunmi, Usman Aishat","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JAHR2017.0429","url":null,"abstract":"In Nigeria, the HIV sero- prevalence is steadily decreasing. It is presently put at 1.9 % among pregnant women. This implies that about 2 out of every 100 women of reproductive age have chance of getting infected with HIV. Market women are at risk and good target groups to enhance information dissemination to their children as well as neighbors. The objective of this study was to determine the level of awareness and source of information on HIV/AIDS among market women in Oyo State. A semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used which assessed respondents’ demographic characteristics, their level of knowledge and sources of HIV related information. Data was analyzed with Epi-info version 7 software. There were 300 market women who participated in this study. It was found that 22% of respondents were not aware of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, more than 40% of the respondents wrongly mentioned sharing toilet as mode of transmission, followed by eating together (35%), sharing market stall (31%), handshake (30%), and sharing same bed (28%). 31% of respondents who had awareness of HIV, had accessed HIV screening. Most of those who had not accessed HIV screening did not do so because of fear of death (55%), stigmatization (33%) and not just wanting to test or screen for HIV (20%). It was gathered that the main source of information on HIV/AIDS among respondents was mass media. Results indicated that despite global effort on increasing awareness of HIV/AIDS, there are still needs for improvement among artisans, especially increasing knowledge on mode of transmission and need to get tested and know their HIV status. It is hence recommended that with the major source of information being mass media, efforts should be made to increase programming and jingles on HIV/AIDS in local languages this will aid understanding and increases testing. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Market women, awareness, knowledge, HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"9 1","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JAHR2017.0429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41706209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysine and threonine plasma concentrations in Ivorian patients living with human immunodeficiency virus","authors":"L. Boyvin, K. Séri, Jeanne Armande Aké, Alexis Bahi Gnogbo, J. Djaman","doi":"10.5897/JAHR2017.0438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JAHR2017.0438","url":null,"abstract":"Cote d'Ivoire is one of the most affected countries in West Africa with HIV/AIDS, with a prevalence of 3.4%. Essential amino acids are needed by the organism as they play key roles in the immune system and they are supplied through diet. The objective of this study was to determine the plasma lysine and threonine status for better medical and nutritional management of patients living with HIV. This study involved 254 individuals: 127 HIV positive and 127 HIV negative (serving as controls) after confirmation of their HIV status through an HIV test (test DETERMINE® and GENIE II). Lysine and threonine were assayed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on plasma and CD4 lymphocyte count by the method of flow cytometry (FacsCalibur) from whole blood containing EDTA. This study showed that deficiency of lysine was more observed in male HIV infected individuals (66.7%) and threonine deficiency in female HIV infected individuals (17.1%) as compared to the controls subject. The amino acid concentrations as a measure of the degree of immunosuppression was significant for lysine (P = 0.0006) and not significant for threonine (P = 0.8640). The deficiency observed in HIV infected patients taking antiretrovirals is therefore probably due to viral infection and insufficient lysine intake in diet. The threonine concentration depends on the health condition of the subject. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Amino acids, essential, Cote d'Ivoire, HIV-infected patients, lysine, threonine.","PeriodicalId":73590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV research (Online)","volume":"9 1","pages":"194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/JAHR2017.0438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48695013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}